1 On North America, see: Miller, Kerby A., Emigrants and exiles: Ireland and the Irish exodus to North America (New York and Oxford, 1985)Google Scholar and Miller, Kerby A., Schrier, Arnold, Boling, Bruce D. and Doyle, David N., Irish immigrants in the land of Canaan: letters and memoirs from colonial and revolutionary America, 1675–1815 (New York and Oxford, 2003)Google Scholar; and Houston, C. J. and Smyth, W. J., Irish emigration and Canadian settlement: patterns, links and letters (Toronto, 1990)Google Scholar. On the Antipodes, see Fitzpatrick, David, Oceans of consolation: personal accounts of migration to Australia (Cork, 1994)Google Scholar. These texts have also inspired further studies, most recently by Fitzpatrick’s former doctoral student, McCarthy, Angela. Irish immigrants in New Zealand, 1840–1937: ‘The desired haven’ (Woodbridge, 2005).Google Scholar

2 On Davitt’s work for labour, see Moody, T. W., ‘Michael Davitt and the British labour movement, 1882–1906’ in R. Hist. Soc. Trans., 5th ser., 4 (1953)Google Scholar. The wider linkages between class and ethnic dimensions can be found in Fielding, Steve, Class and ethnicity: Irish Catholics in England, 1880–1939 (Buckingham, 1992).Google Scholar

3 Diner, H. R., Daughters of Erin: Irish immigrant women in the nineteenth century (Baltimore, MD, 1983)Google Scholar; Nolan, Janet, Ourselves alone: women’s emigration from Ireland, 1885–1920 (Lexington, KY, 1989).Google Scholar

4 Diane Hotten-Somers ‘Relinquishing and reclaiming independence: Irish domestic servants, American middle-class mistresses, and assimilation, 1850–1920’ in Eire-Ireland, 36, nos 1–2 (2001), pp 185–201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

5 Hansen, Marcus Lee, The problem of the third generation immigrant (Rock Island, Illinois, 1938).Google Scholar

6 Inoue, Keiko, ‘The political activity of the Irish in Britain, 1919–1925’, unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Trinity College Dublin, 2007.Google Scholar