Treaties — Operation of — Effect on interpretation of municipal legislation — Interpretation of statutes giving effect to treaties — The law of Austria.

Treaties — Special kinds of — Customs conventions — Convention on Valuation of Goods for Customs Purposes, 1950 — Interpretation of relevant municipal legislation — The law of Austria.

International law — Relation to municipal law — International law as law of the land — The law of Austria.

States as international persons — In general — Meaning of term "Germany" after Second World War — Whether term of historical and geographical significance only or whether conveying precise meaning in international law — The law of Austria.

Jurisdiction — Territorial limits of — Expropriation of alien property — Indonesia — Measures of control and confiscation without compensation of Indonesian subsidiaries of Netherlands corporation — Whether discriminatory against Netherlands nationals — Whether subsidiaries are Netherlands enterprises — Whether measures contrary to international law and Netherlands public policy — Debt of Indonesian bank to Indonesian subsidiaries of Netherlands corporation — Indonesian measures of control over subsidiaries — Assignment of debt in Netherlands by former directors to Netherlands parent company — Claim by parent company against Indonesian bank — Whether law governing assignment Indonesian or Netherlands law — Assignment made by persons incompetent under Indonesian law by reason of measures of control and confiscation — Assignment violating Indonesian foreign exchange control regulations — Whether valid — The law of the Netherlands.

Jurisdiction — Territorial — Exemptions from and restrictions upon — Foreign States — Jurisdiction of courts to judge legality of acts of foreign State in question in action between private parties — Acts violating international law — Public policy — The law of the Netherlands.

Recognition of acts of foreign States and Governments — Whether courts may judge legality of acts of foreign States performed jure imperii — Non-recognition of acts violating rules of international law protecting private interests — Measures of control and confiscation without compensation exclusively of Indonesian enterprises owned by Netherlands natural or legal persons — Whether violating international law — Whether violating Netherlands public policy — Assignment of debt governed by law of Indonesia — Whether Indonesian foreign exchange control legislation applicable — Validity of assignment — Public policy — The law of the Netherlands.

Jurisdiction — Territorial limits of — Foreign confiscatory legislation — Nationalization of foreign company — Substitution of State enterprise — Rights of shareholders to assets of nationalized company in forum State — The law of Austria.

Recognition of acts of foreign States and Governments — Foreign confiscatory legislation — Nationalization of foreign company — Substitution of State enterprise — Rights of shareholders to assets of nationalized company in forum State — The law of Austria.

Jurisdiction — Territorial limits of — Foreign nationalization and confiscatory legislation — Partnerships — Effect of foreign legislation on assets situate in forum State — Situs of trade names and trade-marks — Effect on trade names and trade-marks — The law of Italy.

Recognition of acts of foreign States and Governments — Foreign nationalization and confiscatory legislation — Partnerships — Effect of foreign legislation on property outside legislating State — Effect on trade-marks registered by expropriated owners in State of forum — Grounds for non-recognition of foreign legislation — Public policy — The law of Italy.

The individual in international law — Nationality — As affected by change of sovereignty — Personal union of Italy and Albania in 1939 — Whether Albanian citizenship affected thereby — The law of Italy.

States as international persons — Composite States — Unions of States — Personal union of Italy and Albania in 1939 — Whether Albanian citizenship affected — The law of Italy.

States as international persons — Composite and dependent States and territories — Mandated and Trust Territories — Rights and duties of Administering Authority — French Cameroons — Trusteeship Agreement giving France full powers of jurisdiction — General Assembly Resolution terminating Trusteeship Agreement — Whether French Conseil d'État retained jurisdiction in respect of administrative decisions of French authorities taken before trusteeship terminated — The law of France.

States as international persons — Composite and dependent States and territories — Trust Territories — Somaliland — Acts of Italian Administrator — Whether attributable to Italian State — Relationship between Italian State and Italian Administration in Somaliland — Jurisdiction of Italian and Somali courts over acts of Administration — The law of Italy.

Recognition — Of States — Non-recognition — Effect of — Acts of unrecognized State — Whether exequatur may be granted in respect of such acts — Acts of Israeli official — The law of Morocco.

State territory — In general — Acquisition of territorial sovereignty — Cession — Trieste — Treaty of Peace with Italy, 1947 (Article 21) — Termination of Italian sovereignty over Free Territory of Trieste — Memorandum of Understanding regarding Free Territory of Trieste, 1954 — Transfer of administration to Italy — Whether Italy thereby acquired sovereignty — The law of Italy.

State territory — In general — Loss of territorial sovereignty — Trieste — Treaty of Peace with Italy, 1947 (Article 21) — Termination of Italian sovereignty over Free Territory of Trieste — Status not finally determined — Memorandum of Understanding regarding Free Territory of Trieste, 1954 — Transfer of administration to Italy — Powers of Italian Commissioner-General administering the territory — The law of Italy.

State Territory — In general — Occupation of foreign territory in time of peace — Trieste — Treaty of Peace with Italy, 1947 (Article 21 and Annex VII, Articles 1 and 10) — Termination of Italian sovereignty over Free Territory of Trieste — Administration by Allied military commands — Memorandum of Understanding regarding Free Territory of Trieste, 1954 — Transfer of administration to Italy — Powers of Allied Military Government — Powers of Italian Commissioner-General administering the territory — The law of Italy.

Treaties — Operation and enforcement of — Treaties affecting sovereignty and administration of territory — Trieste — Treaty of Peace with Italy, 1947 (Article 21) — Termination of Italian sovereignty over Free Territory of Trieste — Administration by Allied military commands — Memorandum of Understanding regarding Free Territory of Trieste, 1954 — Transfer of administration to Italy — Implementation by Italian legislation — Powers of Italian Commissioner-General administering the territory — The law of Italy.

Treaties — Termination of — By act of Party — Mutual consent — Revision — Treaty of Peace with Italy, 1947 (Article 21) — Termination of Italian sovereignty over Free Territory of Trieste — Memorandum of Understanding regarding Free Territory of Trieste, 1954 — Transfer of administration to Italy — Whether modification of indeterminate status of Trieste under Treaty of Peace in absence of consent of all Parties — The law of Italy.

State territory — Nature of territorial sovereignty — Territory whose sovereignty is undetermined — Trieste — Treaty of Peace with Italy, 1947 (Article 21) — Termination of Italian sovereignty over Free Territory of Trieste — Memorandum of Understanding regarding Free Territory of Trieste, 1954 — Effect of — Whether modification of Treaty of Peace — Transfer of administration to Italy — Whether Italian sovereignty renewed — The law of Italy.

The individual in international law — Nationality — Acquisition of — As affected by change of sovereignty — Cession of territory — Whether Willstatt ceded in 1805 by Elector of Baden to Napoleon I — Whether persons born in Willstatt acquired French nationality — The law of France.

Treaties — Interpretation of — Agencies of — Whether municipal courts may interpet diplomatic treaties — Whether official Government interpretation must be adopted — The law of France.

State territory — In general — Acquisition of territorial sovereignty — Cession — Whether Willstatt ceded in 1805 by Elector of Baden to Napoleon I — Whether persons born in Willstatt acquired French nationality — The law of France.

State territory — Miscellaneous — Free Zones of Gex and Upper Savoy — Special status provided for in 1932 Judgment of Permanent Court of International Justice — Whether contravened by application of French customs regulations — The law of France.

Jurisdiction — Territorial — Territorial limits of jurisdiction — “Fictitious territory” — Embassy of Republic of China in South Korea — Prosecution of nationals of Republic of China for offences committed inside Embassy — Whether subject to jurisdiction of Courts of Republic of China — The law of the Republic of China.

Jurisdiction — Territorial — Exemptions from and restrictions upon — Foreign States — Franco-Moroccan Judicial Convention providing for continuing jurisdiction of French Court of Cassation over appeals already instituted when Supreme Court of Morocco established — Whether applicable to case to which Moroccan State a party — The law of France.

Jurisdiction — Territorial — Exemptions from — Foreign States — Scope and extent of immunity — Applicability to government instrumentalities — Alleged violation of property rights by Hungarian Academy in Rome — Whether attributable to Hungarian State — Relationship between Hungarian Academy and Hungarian State — Whether Hungarian Academy immune from jurisdiction — The law of Italy.

International law in general — Relation to municipal law — Treaties — Treaty of Peace with Italy, 1947 (Article 77 (4)) — Waiver of claims of Italian nationals against Germany — Relation to Italian law on war damage — Materials supplied on contract to German occupying forces — Whether Italian national may claim in Italian courts against Federal Republic of Germany — The law of Italy.

Treaties — Interpretation of — Principles and rules of — Literal and teleological (functional) principles — Application to Treaty of Peace with Italy, 1947, Article 77 (4) — Interpretation in the light of objects of Allied Powers — The law of Italy.

War — In general — Effects of treaties of peace — Occupation of enemy territory — Claim for payment for materials supplied to occupying forces — German occupation of Italy — Effect of Article 77 (4) of Treaty of Peace with Italy on claim for payment — Nature and purpose of Article 77 (4).

War — On land — Occupation of enemy territory — Requisitions and contributions — German occupation of Italy — Materials supplied to German forces under compulsion — Nature and purpose of contract — Hague Convention, 1907 (Article 52).

War — On land — Occupation of enemy territory — Inhabitants — Services — German occupation of Italy — Materials supplied to German forces under compulsion — Hague Convention, 1907 (Article 52).

Jurisdiction — Territorial — Exemptions from — Foreign States — Function of distinction between acts jure imperii and acts jure gestionis — Acts of military Occupant — German occupation of Italy — Materials supplied under contract to German military forces — Claim against Federal Republic of Germany in Italian court for payment — Whether exempt from jurisdiction — The law of Italy.

Jurisdiction — Territorial — Exemptions from — Foreign States — Acta jure imperii and acta jure gestionis — Claim against foreign State for damage caused by negligent driving of motor car owned by State — Car used for carriage of mail for foreign State — The law of Austria.

Jurisdiction — Territorial — Exemptions from — Foreign States — Service of process on foreign State by ordinary post — Requirement of service through diplomatic channels — No objection raised initially to service by post — Plea raised to jurisdiction and defence filed on merits — Whether setting aside of process on ground of irregular service can be claimed subsequently — The law of Austria.

Jurisdiction — Territorial — Exemptions from — Foreign States — Immunity from civil jurisdiction — Whether enjoyed in action relating to real property — Analogy between State and diplomatic immunity — The law of Madagascar (Malagasy Republic).