International law in general — Relation to municipal law — Whether international law part of municipal law — Whether judicial notice should be taken of international law — Whether international law needs to be established by evidence — Jurisdiction — Territorial limits of jurisdiction — Whether the Court has jurisdiction to determine rights of fishing in foreign territorial waters — Whether Court has jurisdiction to pass judgment which it cannot enforce — The law of South Africa

States as International persons — Sovereignty and independence — In foreign relations — Request for extradition — Whether executive empowered in the absence of statutory authority — Whether power limited to making requests to foreign States with which there are extradition treaties — Statutory restrictions on the power of the executive — Effect — The law of Australia

States at international persons — In general — Sovereignty and independence — Conduct of foreign relations — Conclusiveness of the statements of the executive — Statement of the executive as to whether a treaty is in force — Effect — Whether conclusive — The law of Canada

States as international persons — In general — Continuity of States — Succession of governments — Government of the State taken over by military authorities — Laws promulgated by the military regime — Whether valid and enforceable — The law of Sierra Leone

States as International persons — Composite and dependent States and territories — Mandated and trust territories — Rights and duties of the administering authority — Rights conferred on persons by a mandate — Whether enforceable In the municipal courts — Acquisition of control of the mandated territory — Whether an act of State — Territory of New Guinea — Mandate to Commonwealth of Australia — Whether any legal or equitable duties imposed on the administering authority as a matter of law — Power of the administering authority to Introduce a system of land title by registration — Whether any duty on the administering authority to protect native land rights — Whether native land rights inalienable — The law of Papua and New Guinea

States as international persons — Recognition — Of governments — Withdrawal of recognition — Effect of — Republic of China — Withdrawal of recognition of the Taiwan Government and recognition of the Peking Government — Effect on the ownership of land in foreign State — Government entitled to represent the State in legal proceedings relating to the land — The law of Australia

The individual in international law — Aliens — Expulsion of aliens — Right of expulsion — Refugees — Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees 1951 — Municipallaw prohibiting expulsion in breach of the Convention — Applicability to alien fleeing to avoid prosecution for political activities — The law of Lesotho

States as international persons — State succession — International conventions — Treaty in force in dependent territory prior to independence — Dependent territory becoming independent State — Declaration by Prime Minister of newly independent State that State accepted all multilateral conventions in force in former dependent territory for interim period — Whether amounting to accession — Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees 1951 — The law of Lesotho

States as international persons — State succession — In matters of extradition — Continuity of the law — British possession — Singapore — English extradition statute made applicable — Independence of Singapore — Becoming part of the Federation of Malaysia — Whether extradition statute continues as part of the law of Singapore — Whether continuation inconsistent with the sovereignty of the successor and the Constitution — Fugitive Offenders Act 1881 — The law of Malaysia

The individual in international law — Extradition — Conditions of extradition — Extraditable crimes — Whether crime covered by the extradition agreement — Court’s power to authorise extradition only in respect of some charges in cases of plurality of charges — The law of South Africa

States as international persons — State succession — In matters of extradition — Treaty of extradition with Federation of States — Dissolution of the Federation — Effect upon the treaty — Whether treaty continues — Certificate of the Executive on the question — Relevance of the practice of the successor State — The law of South Africa

Jurisdiction — In general — Territorial jurisdiction — Territorial limits of jurisdiction — Offence of defrauding persons of money — Persons residing outside the territory — Whether offence and fraud committed within the territory — Conspiracy to commit such offence and the conspiracy — Offence of using mails to defraud the public — Whether the Court has jurisdiction to try the offence — Public outside jurisdiction — Whether the court has jurisdiction to try the offence — The law of Canada

Jurisdiction — In general — Territorial — Territorial limits of jurisdiction — Blackmail — Lettre posted in England to addressee in Federal Republic of Germany demanding money — Jurisdiction of English courts — The law of England

Jurisdiction — In general — Territorial — Territorial limits of jurisdiction — Attempt to obtain property by deception — Letters posted in Northern Ireland claiming payments from addressees in England — Jurisdiction of the English courts — Objective territorial principle of jurisdiction — The law of England

Jurisdiction — In general — Territorial jurisdiction — Territorial limits of jurisdiction — Acceptance of Tanzanian currency in Kenya for carriage to and payment in Tanzania — Receipts prepared at the time of acceptance of the money not returned — Money not paid in Tanzania — Charge of stealing by a servant in Kenya — Whether courts in Kenya have jurisdiction to try the offence — The law of Kenya

Jurisdiction — In general — Territorial jurisdiction — Fisheries — Jurisdiction to regulate fishing — Whether restricted to territorial waters — Jurisdiction to regulate fishing in the high seas and foreign territorial waters — If and when possible — The law of Japan

International law in general — Nature and binding force — Concept of equity — Whether a matter of abstract justice or of rule of law requiring application of equitable principles — Nature of duty to negotiate towards equitable settlement

State territory — Parts of State territory — Territorial waters Breadth and delimitation of the maritime belt — Whether determined by international law — Fishing limits — Whether internatonal law restricts fishing limits to twelve miles from coast

State territory — Parts of State territory — Territorial waters Fisheries — Exclusive fishing zone — Whether extent prescribed by international law — Whether limited to twelve miles from coast — Preferential rights of coastal State beyond territorial waters

State territory — Parts of State territory — Continental shelf — Rights of State over waters above its continental shelf — Fisheries — Development of concept of sovereignty over continental shelf — Effect on changing law of the sea

State territory — Parts of State territory — State servitudes — Fishing rights in high seas — Preferential rights of coastal State in adjacent waters — Historic rights of other States

Jurisdiction — High seas — Conception of the high seas and freedom of the sea — Theory of absolute freedom of the high seas — Qualifications thereof — Fisheries — Duty to have regard for interests of other States — Preferential rights of coastal State in adjacent waters — Historic rights of other States

Treaties — Conclusion and operation of treaties — Conditions of validity — Effect of duress — Anglo — Icelandic Exchange of Notes 1961

Treaties — Termination — By operation of law — Fundamental change of circumstances — Relevance of change of circumstances to treaty — Failure of consideration — Anglo-Icelandic Exchange of Notes 1961

Treaties — Termination — By act of party — Unilateral denunciation — Circumstances in which State entitled to denounce treaty Anglo — Icelandic Exchange of Notes 1961

Disputes — International Court of Justice — Contentious jurisdiction — Competence — Jurisdiction under treaty — Anglo-Icelandic Exchange of Notes — Refusal of State to appear — Whether affecting jurisdiction of the Court

Disputes — International Court ofJustice — Contentious jurisdiction — Competence — Interim measures of protection

Disputes — International Court of Justice — Contentious jurisdiction — Procedure — Effect of refusal of State to appear

Disputes — International Court ofJustice — Contentious jurisdiction — The law applicable — Rule of law requiring application of equitable principles — Competence of Court to indicate equitable principles as guide to negotiation

Disputes — Negotiation — Relationship between negotiation and judicial settlement — International Court of Justice

Jurisdiction — In general — Territorial — Over fisheries — Extent of — Whether limited to twelve miles — Whether extension to fifty miles permissible — Icelandic claim — Whether opposable to United Kingdom — Adjacent waters — Rights of the coastal State Exceptional dependence upon fisheries — Conservation — Preferential rights of coastal State — Historic rights of other States — Duty of States to negotiate equitable balance between rights — Anglo-Icelandic Exchange of Notes 1961

Treaties — Conclusion — Conditions of validity — Duress — Termination — By operation of law — Fundamental change of circumstances — Failure of consideration — Termination by act of party — Unilateral denunciation — Anglo — Icelandic Exchange of Notes 1961

Disputes — International Court of justice — jurisdiction — Treaty conferring jurisdiction denounced by one party — Procedure Interim measures of protection — Nature of a dispute — Relationship between judicial process and negotiation

International law in general — Nature and binding force — Concept of equity — Equity and law — Sources of international law — Custom — Conditions for existence of rule of custom — The law of the sea

Pending Actions States as international persons — State succession — Pending actions — Action against Federal Government in courts of member State of Federation — Withdrawal of State from Federation while proceedings pending — Whether Federal Government the Government of a foreign State — Whether entitled to sovereign immunity in courts of former member State — The Law of Singapore

Jurisdiction — In general — Territorial jurisdiction — Exemptions from and restrictions upon territorial jurisdiction — Foreign States — State becoming a foreign State while proceedings pending — Whether entitled to immunity — The law of Singapore

International law in general — Relation to Municipal law — Customary International law relating to sovereign immunity-Effect on earlier decisions of municipal courts — Doctrine of binding precedent — Whether judge of first instance empowered to apply customary International law rather than precedents — The law of England

Jurisdiction — Territorial — Exemptions from — Foreign States — Province of federal State — Provincial government of Argentine Republic — Bank created by legislation — Relevance of lack of Governmental control of bank — Whether Government or bank entitled to immunity — The law of England

The individual in intemational law — Extradition — Conditions of extradition — Principle of double criminality — Requirement that courts of surrendering State must have had jurisdiction if acts had taken place in surrendering State — Conspiracy to defraud persons resident abroad — Fraud completed abroad — The law of England

Jurisdiction — In general — Territorial and personal — Personal — Over nationals in respect of crimes committed abroad — Agreement within State to defraud persons outside State — Fraud completed outside State — Jurisdiction of courts within State to try defendants for conspiracy — The law of England

Jurisdiction — High seas — Conception of the high seas — Meaning in municipal legislation on jurisdiction of criminal courts — Inclusion of territorial waters and some internal waters — Merchant Shipping Act 1894 — The law of England