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Design and implementation of hybrid fed array antennae for Sub-6 GHz and 5G mm-wave communication and wireless applications

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 January 2024

Arun Raj Open the ORCID record for Arun Raj [Opens in a new window]  and
Durbadal Mandal
Arun Raj*
Affiliation:
Computer Aided Electromagnetic Design Laboratory, ECE Department, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, West Bengal, India
Durbadal Mandal
Affiliation:
Computer Aided Electromagnetic Design Laboratory, ECE Department, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, West Bengal, India
*
Corresponding author: Arun Raj; Email: arunraj61299@gmail.com
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Abstract

This paper proposes fractal-inspired array antennae for wideband applications. The proposed antennae have a resonance frequency range of 20–40 GHz. The modified fractal antennae are fabricated with a height of 1.6 mm, substrate width, and length of 100, 50, 25, and 18.75 mm2, and a simulated result shows that the gain is increased to 11.04, 11.9, 8.4, and 6 dBi, and the designed antennae radiate power with directivity of 11.3, 13.4, 9.29, and 7.17 dBi concerning proposed designs A, B, C, and D, respectively. The proposed antennae with 5G New Radio (NR) bands have more radiation concerning resonate frequencies in the 20–40 GHz range with Φ = 0°, Φ = 90°, and θ = 90°. Moreover, the bandwidths for applications covered in the 5G NR and sub-6G are 1.92, 0.73, 0.7, 2.4, 1.3, 5.3, and 1.26 GHz, and 3.4, 3.7, 2.67, and 4.65 GHz, and 2, 3.5, and 1.57 GHz, and 2.5, 1.5, and 1.0 GHz with the maximum return loss of 37 dB, 32.8 dB, 31.2 dB, and 23 dB with corresponding resonate frequencies as 21.5, 27.6, 33, and 27.6 GHz concerning designs A, B, C, and D, respectively. The proposed antennae have been implemented and validated using Computer Simulation Technology (CST), Vector Network Analyzer (VNA), spectrum analyzer, and power sensor.

Keywords

array antennafractal antennamicrostrip patch antenna
Type
Research Paper
Information
International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies , First View , pp. 1 - 20
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press in association with the European Microwave Association

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