Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-pjpqr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-04T06:48:53.640Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Privileged Ignorance, “World”-Traveling, and Epistemic Tourism

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 July 2020

Melanie Bowman*
Affiliation:
Department of Philosophy, University of Minnesota, 831 Heller Hall 271, 19th Ave. South, Minneapolis, Minnesota55455
*
Corresponding author. Email: bowma271@umn.edu

Abstract

In this article I am concerned with how relatively privileged people who wish to act in anti-oppressive ways respond to their own ignorance in ways that fall short of what is necessary for building coalitions against oppression. I consider María Lugones's sense of “world”-travel and José Medina's notion of epistemic friction-seeking as strategies for combating privileged ignorance, and assess how well they fare when put into practice by those suffering from privileged ignorance. Drawing on the resources of tourism studies, I critique the political and material context that can turn these attempts to “world”-travel or seek epistemic friction into a morally and epistemically problematic epistemic tourism. Centrally, I argue that trying to learn what it's like to experience oppression is not an effective method of counteracting privileged ignorance, since the epistemic vices and cognitive distortions that created the ignorance in the first place continue to influence knowledge-creation even after they are acknowledged. Rather than attempting to understand “what it's like” to experience oppression, privileged progressives should undertake to learn about the provenance and purpose of their ignorance and the structures of oppression that facilitate and are facilitated by that ignorance.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Hypatia, a Nonprofit Corporation

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alcoff, Linda Martín. 2007. Epistemologies of ignorance: Three types. In Race and epistemologies of ignorance, ed. Sullivan, Shannon and Tuana, Nancy. Albany: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar
Bartky, Sandra L. 1998. Pitfalls and politics of “world-traveling”: A comment on Linda LeMoncheck's Loose women, lecherous men: A feminist philosophy of sex. Philosophical Studies 89 (2/3): 387–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bianchi, Raoul V. 2009. The “critical turn” in tourism studies: A radical critique. Tourism Geographies 11 (4): 484504. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616680903262653.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Campbell, Sue. 1999. Dominant identities and settled expectations. In Racism and Philosophy, ed. Campbell, Sue and Babbitt, Susan. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornel University PressGoogle Scholar
Cunin, Elisabeth, and Rinaudo, Christian. 2008. Consuming the city in passing: Guided visits and the marketing of difference in Cartagena de Indias, Colombia. Tourist Studies 8 (2): 267–86. doi: 10.1177/1468797608099252CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deloria, Vine Jr.. 1988. Custer died for your sins: An Indian manifesto. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.Google Scholar
DiAngelo, Robin. 2018. White fragility: Why it's so hard for white people to talk about racism. Boston: Beacon Press.Google Scholar
Dion, Susan D. 2009. Braiding histories: Learning from Aboriginal experiences and perspectives. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press.Google Scholar
Dion, Susan D. 2016. Mediating the space between: Voices of Indigenous youth and voices of educators in service of reconciliation. Canadian Review of Sociology 53 (4): 468–73. https://doi.org/10.1111/cars.12128.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Everett, Percival. 2001. Erasure: A novel. New York: Hyperion.Google Scholar
Hurka, David. 2012. Aristotle on virtue: Wrong, wrong, and wrong. In Aristotelian Ethics in Contemporary Perspective, ed. Peters, Julia. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Illich, Ivan. 1968. To hell with good intentions. New York: A CVSA Publication.Google Scholar
Kincaid, Jamaica. 1988. A small place. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.Google Scholar
Kruks, Sonia. 2001. Retrieving experience: Subjectivity and recognition in feminist politics. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lorde, Audre. 1984. The master's tools will never dismantle the master's house. In Sister outsider: Essays and speeches. Berkeley: Crossing Press.Google Scholar
Lugones, María. 1987. Playfulness, “world”-travelling, and loving perception. Hypatia 2 (2): 319.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lugones, María. 2003. Pilgrimages/peregrinajes: Theorizing coalition against multiple oppressions. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield.Google Scholar
Medina, José. 2013. The epistemology of resistance: Gender and racial oppression, epistemic injustice, and resistant imaginations. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mills, Charles. 1997. The racial contract. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Mills, Charles. 2007. White ignorance. In Race and epistemologies of ignorance, ed. Sullivan, Shannon and Tuana, Nancy. Albany: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar
Mohanty, Satya P., 1997. Literary theory and the claims of history: Postmodernism, objectivity, multicultural politics. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moya, Paula M., 2002. Learning from experience: Minority identities, multicultural struggles. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Odede, Kennedy. 2010. Slumdog tourism. New York Times, August 9. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/10/opinion/10odede.html?_r=1&.Google Scholar
Ortega, Mariana. 2006. Being lovingly, knowingly ignorant: White feminism and women of color. Hypatia 21 (3): 5674.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ortega, Mariana. 2016. In-between: Latina feminist phenomenology, multiplicity, and the self. Albany: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar
Peterson, Sandra. 1992. Apparent circularity in Aristotle's account of right action in the Nicomachean Ethics. Apeiron 25 (2): 83108. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/APEIRON.1992.25.2.83CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Precious. 2009. Directed by Lee Daniels. Los Angeles: Lee Daniels Entertainment.Google Scholar
Sullivan, Shannon. 2004. White world-traveling. Journal of Speculative Philosophy 18 (4): 300–4. https://doi.org/10.1353/jsp.2004.0041CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sullivan, Shannon. 2007. White ignorance and colonial oppression: Or, why I know so little about Puerto Rico. In Race and epistemologies of ignorance, ed. Sullivan, Shannon and Tuana, Nancy. Albany: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar
Sullivan, Shannon, and Tuana, Nancy, eds. 2007. Race and epistemologies of ignorance. Albany: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar
Tuck, Eve, and Yang, K. Wayne. 2012. Decolonization is not a metaphor. Decolonization: Indigeneity, Education and Society 1 (1): 140.Google Scholar