¹ For the discussion of relativism see, especially, the essays in Hollis, Martin and Lukes, Steven, eds., Rationality and Relativism (Cambridge, MA: M.I.T. Press, 1984)Google Scholar and in Meiland, Jack W. and Krausz, Michael, eds., Relativism: Cognitive and Moral (Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 1982).Google Scholar

² Bernstein, Richard, Beyond Objectivism and Relativism: Science, Hermeneutics, and Praxis (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1983).Google Scholar

³ Bernstein, , Beyond Objectivism and Relativism, p. 8.Google Scholar

⁴ Rorty, Richard, Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1979), p. 163.Google Scholar For examples of the discussion of foundationalism see: Rorty, , Consequences of Pragmatism (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1982);Google ScholarSosa, Ernest, “The Foundations of Foundationalism,” Nous 14 (1980), 547–64;CrossRefGoogle ScholarSosa, , “The Raft and the Pyramid: Coherence Versus Foundations in the Theory of Knowledge,” Midwest Studies in Philosophy 14 (1980), 3–25;CrossRefGoogle ScholarShiner, Roger S., “Foundationalism, Coherentism and Activism,” Philosophical Investigations 3 (1980), 33–38;CrossRefGoogle ScholarChisholm, Roderick M., “A Version of Foundationalism,” Midwest Studies in Philosophy 5 (1980), 543–64;CrossRefGoogle ScholarCornman, James W., “Foundational versus Non-Foundational Theories of Epistemic Justification,” Journal of Philosophy 77 (1980), 597–611.Google Scholar See also the essays in Pappas, George, ed., Essays on Knowledge and Justification (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1978).Google Scholar

⁵ See the essays by Sosa in note 4.

⁶ See, e.g., Rorty, Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature and Consequences of Pragmatism; Bernstein, Beyond Objectivism and Relativism; and Stout, Jeffrey, The Flight from Authority: Religion, Morality and the Quest for Autonomy (Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 1981).Google Scholar

⁷ See Sellars, Wilfrid, “Empiricism and the Philosophy of the Mind” in his Science, Perception and Reality (New York: Humanities Press, 1963), pp. 127–96.Google Scholar

⁸ Rorty, , Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature, pp. 9, 171.Google Scholar

⁹ Bernstein, , Beyond Objectivism and Relativism, p. 19.Google Scholar

¹⁰ For Rorty's critique of theology see, e.g., Consequences of Pragmatism, passim. For a more extended critique see Stout, The Flight from Authority.

¹¹ Rorty, , Consequences of Pragmatism, p. xiv.Google Scholar

¹² Stout, , Flight from Authority, p. 9.Google Scholar

¹³ Ibid., p. 97.

¹⁴ Ibid., p. 146.

¹⁵ Fiorenza, Francis Schüssler, Foundational Theology: Jesus and the Church (New York: Crossroad, 1984).Google Scholar

¹⁶ For some examples of an appeal to a form/content distinction, see Schillebeeckx, Edward, Revelation and Theology 1 (New York: Sheed and Ward, 1967), 256Google Scholar, and Preaching as the Sacrament of the Encounter With God (Staten Island, NY: Alba House, 1966), pp. 130–34.Google Scholar For an extensive discussion of this issue see Ommen, Thomas B., The Hermeneutic of Dogma (Missoula, MT: Scholars Press, 1975).Google Scholar

¹⁷ Schillebeeckx, Edward, “Toward a Catholic Use of Hermeneutics” in his God the Future of Man (New York: Sheed and Ward, 1968), p. 12.Google Scholar

¹⁸ Ogden, Schubert, “Sources of Religious Authority,” Journal of the American Academy of Religion 44 (1970), 409.Google Scholar

¹⁹ See, especially, Ogden, Schubert, “The Task of Philosophical Theology” in The Future of Philosophical Theology, ed. Evans, Robert (Philadelphia: Westminster, 1971), pp. 55–84Google Scholar, and Ogden, , “What is Theology,” Journal of Religion 52 (1972), 22–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

²⁰ Rorty, , Consequences of Pragmatism, p. xxvii.Google Scholar

²¹ Fiorenza, Schüssler, Foundational Theology, p. 288.Google Scholar

²² Bernstein, , Beyond Objectivism and Relativism, p. 8.Google Scholar

²³ See Kuhn, Thomas, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (2nd ed.; Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1977);Google ScholarKuhn, , The Essential Tension: Selected Studies in the Interpretation of Narrative (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1977);Google ScholarFeyerabend, Paul, Against Method: Outline of an Anarchist Theory of Knowledge (London: NLB, 1975);Google ScholarFeyerabend, , Science in a Free Society (London: NLB, 1978).Google Scholar

²⁴ For the notion of “protocol sentences” see Carnap, Rudolf, “Religious Language is Meaningless” in Charlesworth, M. J., ed., The Problem of Religious Knowledge (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1974).Google Scholar

²⁵ For a relativist view of Quine's notion of the indeterminacy of translation see Douglas, Mary, Implicit Meaning: Essays in Anthropology (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1975), p. 17.Google Scholar

²⁶ Winch, Peter, The Idea of a Social Science (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1958), p. 100.Google Scholar

²⁷ Martin Hollis and Steven Lukes are the primary defenders of the bridgehead concept. See, e.g., Hollis, “The Social Destruction of Reality,” and Lukes, , “Relativism in its Place” in Hollis and Lukes, Rationality and Relativism, pp. 67–86 and 261–305.Google Scholar See also the articles by the same authors in Wilson, Bryan, ed., Rationality (London: Blackwell, 1970), chs. 9, 10 and 11.Google Scholar

²⁸ For the role of society in shaping plausibility structures see Berger, Peter L. and Luckmann, Thomas, The Social Construction of Reality: A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1966).Google Scholar

²⁹ Coakley, Sarah, “Theology and Cultural Relativism. What is the Problem?” Neue Zeitschrift für systematische Theologie und Religionsphilosophie 21 (1979), 224ff.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

³⁰ Ibid., p. 227.

³¹ For Gadamer's, critique of the enlightenment devaluation of tradition see Truth and Method (New York: Seabury, 1975), pp. 241ff.Google Scholar

³² Hick, John, ed., The Myth of God Incarnate (Philadelphia: Westminster, 1977).Google Scholar

³³ Examples of the Wittgensteinian approach to theology can be found in: Phillips, D. Z., Faith and Philosophical Inquiry (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1970)Google Scholar and Religion Without Explanation (Oxford: Blackwell, 1976).Google Scholar See also Holmer, Paul, The Grammar of Faith (San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1978).Google Scholar An analysis and critique of Wittgensteinian Fideism can be found in Ommen, , “Wittgensteinian Fideism and Theology,” Horizons 7/2 (1980), 183–204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

³⁴ See Davidson, Donald, “On the Very Idea of a Conceptual Scheme” in Meiland, and Krausz, , Relativism, pp. 66–80.Google Scholar

³⁵ Davidson, p. 79.

³⁶ Ibid.

³⁷ Bernstein, , Beyond Objectivism and Relativism, p. 85.Google Scholar

³⁸ Ibid., pp. 82ff.

³⁹ See note 27.

⁴⁰ For examples of the critique of the bridgehead notion see Barnes, Barry and Bloor, David, “Relativism, Rationalism and the Sociology of Knowledge” in Hollis, and Lukes, , Rationality and Relativism, pp. 21–47.Google Scholar See also Stout, , The Flight from Authority, pp. 151ff.Google Scholar

⁴¹ Gellner, Ernst, “Relativism and Universals” in Hollis, and Lukes, , Rationality and Relativism, p. 185.Google Scholar

⁴² Bernstein, , Beyond Objectivism and Relativism, pp. 109–63.Google Scholar

⁴³ Gadamer, , Truth and Method, especially 305–41.Google Scholar

⁴⁴ Rorty, , Consequences of Pragmatism, p. 167.Google Scholar

⁴⁵ Rorty, , Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature, p. 377.Google Scholar

⁴⁶ See, especially, Apel, Karl-Otto, “The A Priori of Communication and the Foundation of the Humanities” in Dallmayr, Fred R. and McCarthy, Thomas A., eds., Understanding and Social Inquiry (Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 1977), pp. 292–315.Google Scholar

⁴⁷ Pannenberg, Wolfhart, Theology and the Philosophy of Science (Philadelphia: Westminster, 1976), p. 343.Google Scholar

⁴⁸ Ibid., p. 344.

⁴⁹ Gadamer, , Truth and Method, p. 363.Google Scholar

⁵⁰ Bernstein, , Beyond Objectivism and Relativism, p. 154.Google Scholar

⁵¹ Tracy, David, The Analogical Imagination: Christian Theology and the Culture of Pluralism (New York: Crossroad, 1981).Google Scholar

⁵² Ibid., p. 447.

⁵³ Fiorenza, Schüssler, Foundational Theology, pp. 302ff.Google Scholar

⁵⁴ Ibid., p. 302.

⁵⁵ Ibid., pp. 304-11.

⁵⁶ Tracy relies on both in his construction of a fundamental theology in Blessed Rage for Order (New York: Seabury, 1975).Google Scholar

⁵⁷ Schillebeeckx, Edward, Jesus: An Experiment in Christology (New York: Crossroad, 1981), p. 614.Google Scholar

⁵⁸ Ibid.