No CrossRef data available.
Article contents
The functioning of a multi-ethnic and multi-religious state: the Ottoman Empire
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 13 July 2009
Abstract
For almost 600 years Muslims, Jews and Christians lived together in the Ottoman Empire. Certainly, even before the region fell victim to nationalism, the Ottoman Empire did not live in an atmosphere of pure and undisturbed harmony. But Muslims, Jews and Christians lived together for centuries without experiencing conflict as the predominant factor of their existence. The status and fate of the individual religious groups living in the Ottoman Empire has been the object of nationalistic interpretation of the past. Much less has been thought and written about the functioning of such a multi-ethnic and multi-religious state. This paper will try to rectify that. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
- Type
- Research Article
- Information
- Copyright
- Copyright © Academia Europaea 1997
References
REFERENCES
1Hütteroth, W. D. and Abdulfattah, K. (1977) Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and South Syria in the Late 16th Century. Erlangen.Google Scholar
3İslamoǧlu-İnan, H. (1994) Agrarian Power Relations and Regional Economic Development in Ottoman Anatolia During the Sixteenth Century. Leiden, New York, Köln, 27–35.Google Scholar
5Džaja, S. M. (1984) Konfessionalität und Nationalität Bosniens und der Herzegowina. Voremanzipatorische Phase 1463–1804. Munich, 43–101.Google Scholar
6Çetin, O. (1994) Sicillere Göre Bursa'da İhtida Hareketleri ve Sosyal Sonuçlari (1472–1909) (Conversions and Their Social Consequences in Bursa According to the Registers of the Kadi). Ankara.Google Scholar
7Ménage, V. L. (1960) Devshirme. The Encyclopaedia of Islam. New Edition. Leiden, London.Google Scholar
8İnalcik, H. (1952) Timariotes Chrétiens en Albanie au XVe siècle d'après un registre de Timars Ottoman. Mitteilungen des Österreichischen Staatsarchivs 4, 118–138.Google Scholar
10Kunt, İ. M. (1982) Transformation of Zimmi into Askeri. Christians and Jews in the Ottoman Empire. The Functioning of a Plural Society. Braude, B. and Lewis, B. (Eds) vol. I. New York, London, 55–67.Google Scholar
11Vasić, M. (1964) Die Martolosen im Osmanischen Reich. Zeitschrift für Balkanologie 2, 172–189.Google Scholar
12Majer, H. G. (Ed.) (1984) Das Osmanische Registerbuch der Beschwerden (Şikâyet Defteri) vom Jahre 1675. vol. I. Vienna.Google Scholar
13Heyd, U. (1973) Studies in Old Ottoman Criminal Law. Ménage, V. L. (Ed.). Oxford, 38–39.Google Scholar
14Beldiceanu, N. (1964) Les actes des premiers Sultans conservés dans les manuscrits Turcs de la Bibliothèque Nationale à Paris. Paris La Haye, 53–66.Google Scholar
15Epstein, M. A. (1980) The Ottoman Jewish Communities and Their Role in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries. Freiburg.Google Scholar
16İnalcik, H. (1969/1970) The policy of Mehmed II toward the Greek population of Istanbul and the Byzantine buildings of the city. Dumbarton Oaks Papers 23/24, 231–249.Google Scholar
17Majer, H. G. (1979) Wie stellten sich die Osmanen zur Wohlfahrt ihrer Lānder? Die Türkei in Europa. Grothusen, K.-D. (Ed.). Göttingen, 67.Google Scholar
18Matkovski, A. (1961) Turski izvori za Ajdutstvoto i Aramistvoto vo Makedonia (1620–1650) (Sources Turques pour le mouvement des Haidouques en Macédoine (1620–1650) Skopje, vol. I; vol. II (1650–1700).Google Scholar
19Sućeska, A. (1966–1967) Seljčcke Bune u XVI i XVIII stoljeću (Bauernaufstände in Bosnien im 17. und 18. Jahrhundert). Godišnjak Društva Istoričara Bosne i Herecegovine 17, 163–207.Google Scholar
21Abou-el-Haj, R. A. (1984) The 1703 Rebellion and the Structure of Ottoman Politics. Istanbul.Google Scholar
22Braude, B. (1982) Foundation myths of the millet system. Christians and Jews in the Ottoman Empire. The Functioning of a Plural Society Braude, B. and Lewis, B. (Eds), vol. I, New York, London, 69–88.Google Scholar
23Bardakjian, K. B. (1982) The rise of the Armenian patriarchate of Constantinople, Christians and Jews in the Ottoman Empire. The Functioning of a Plural Society. Braude, B. and Lewis, B. (Eds), vol I, New York, London, 89–100.Google Scholar
24Kiel, M. (1985) Art and Society of Bulgaria in the Turkish Period. A Sketch of the Economic, Juridical and Artistic Preconditions of Bulgarian Post-Byzantine Art and Its Place in the Development of the Art of the Christian Balkans, 1360/70–1700. Assen Maastricht, 192–205.Google Scholar
25Gradeva, R. (1994) Ottoman policy towards Christian church buildings. Études Balkaniques 1994/4, 14–36.Google Scholar
26Fotić, A. (1994) The official explanations for the confiscation and sale of monasteries (churches) and their estates at the time of Selim II. Turcica 26, 33–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
27Zachariadou, E. A. (1969) Early Ottoman documents of the Podromos monastery (Serres). Südost-Forschungen 28, 1–12.Google Scholar
28Schwarz, K. (1970) Osmanische Sultansurkunden des Sinai-Klosters in türkischer Sprache Freiburg i. Br.Google Scholar
29Zachariadou, E. A. (1971) Ottoman documents from the archives of Dionysiou (Mount Athos) 1495–1520. Südost-Forschungen 30, 1–35.Google Scholar
30Boškov, V. and Bojanić, D. (1991) Sultanske Povelje iz Manastira Hilandara. Regesta i Komentar za Period 1512–1601 (Les actes des sultans Ottomans conservés dans le monastère Athonite de Chilandar (1512–1600). Hilandarski Sbornik 8, 167–213.Google Scholar
31Boškov, V. (1974) Ein osmanischer Ketzer-Prozess im 18. Jahrhundert. Südost-Forschungen 33, 296–306.Google Scholar