To conceptualize the characteristics or traits of healthy acculturative self in a global and multicultural society. The self needs to be recapitulated in terms of globally adapting and dynamically changing environment.

A meta-analytic method is applied to this study by reviewing research papers, 1990 to 2012, via academic search engines, in the following key words: acculturation and health/self/personality/ identity. Also. the concept of “scientific analogy” (Gentner, 1983, 2003, 2010) is employed.

Six conceptual frames of healthy acculturative self are summed up as conceptual templates or modules.

1. 1. Resilient Self: The resilient self has the capacity to make best use of resource and to cope with emerging stressors and life crises during acculturation.

2. 2. Globally Adapting Self: The self is able to adapt oneself to globally changing environment.

3. 3. Holistic and Synchronistic Self: The self is able to comprehend cultural information of the past, in the present mode, as one actively confronts culturally different situations.

4. 4. Optimistic Self: The self strives to achieve one's goals and is able to overcome depression or life frustration.

5. 5. Spirituality-oriented Self: The self is open to other religious values or differences as one positively appreciates other religious values as well as tolerates diverse religious systems and world views.

6. 6. Multicultural Personality-oriented Self: The self is sensitive enough to learn culturally diverse life-styles or values.

The conceptual categories of healthy acculturative self are recommended to be used as meta-cognitive maps when mental health professionals and cultural psychiatrists conduct psychiatric assessment and diagnosis.

To contribute to cross-cultural studies, the research used the special cultural context in the Azerbaijani urban population. Despite often being bilingual and speaking two languages (Azerbaijani and Russian), this Azerbaijani urban population were divided into two distinctive language groups with either Azerbaijani or Russian as the first language. A selfreported Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (ZSDS) is established to be a reliable and valid measure for assessment of depressive symptoms, applicable cross-culturally.

ZSDS was translated into Azerbaijani and Russian. Two pilot studies on small samples (n = 30 and n = 45) conducted to improve the scale's acceptability. Reliability study was conducted on a bigger sample of depressed subjects (n = 55) and healthy controls (n = 120). Chronbach's alpha for the total scale, Item-test correlations, alpha if item deleted, and sensitivity and specificity at various cut-off levels were calculated.

Drop-out rate was 83.3% at the first pilot study due to pure comprehension of item 5 and culturally unacceptable wording of item 6. After rewording of the items drope-out reduced to 20% on the second pilot study. on the reliability study Chronbach's alpha for the total scale was 0.8727, and item-test correlations for the most individual items were satisfactory. An optimal cut-off point was 45 pints with sensitivity = 90.91%, specificity = 80.83%.

Reliability of the Zung Self-Reported Depression Scale improved cultural acceptability of the scale in the particular Azerbaijani population context.

Tuberculosis and mental illness share common risk factors including homelessness, HIV positive serology, alcohol/ substance abuse and migrant status leading to frequent co-morbidity. We sought to generate a comprehensive literature review that examines the complex relationship between tuberculosis and mental illness.

A literature search was conducted in MedLine, Ovid and Psychinfo, with further examination of the references of these articles. 316 articles were identified. It was not possible to conduct a formal meta-analysis due to the absence of randomised controlled data.

Rates of mental illness of up to 70% have been identified in tuberculosis patients. Medications used in the treatment of common mental illnesses may have significant interactions with anti-tuberculosis agents, especially isoniazid and increasingly linezolid. Many medications used in the treatment of tuberculosis can have significant adverse psychiatric effects; others such as rifampicin may reduce the effective doses of anti-psychotics by their enzyme-inducing actions. Mental illness and substance abuse may also affect treatment concordance, with consequences for public health.

Due to the common co-morbidity of mental illness and tuberculosis, it is important that both psychiatrists and physicians are aware of the potential for interactions between the drugs used to treat tuberculosis and psychiatric conditions.

One of the most researched factors which contribute to the good outcome of methadone therapy is the dosage, but local studies which look into the factors associated with the dosage of methadone itself is lacking.

To compare clinical factors including level of motivation and the quality of life among the active male clients on high and low methadone dosage.

To determine the factors associated with high dosage of methadone in order to improve the services provided.

A cross sectional study of active male methadone clients who are on maintenance treatment attending the Methadone Clinic. It was conducted from early January to the end of March 2010. The questionnaires used include Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), Circumstances, Motivation and Readiness to Change (CMR) and WHO-Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF).

Those on higher dosages were noted to have significantly better urinalysis results and had a higher CMR score, but quality of life did not differ between the two groups. Motivational level remained significant after regression analysis was done.

This study also confirms previous findings of higher methadone dosage having better outcomes in terms of urinalysis results. As the high dose group were also found to be more motivated to change, the regular formal counselling sessions or motivational enhancement therapy was advocated to improve the services of methadone maintenance therapy.

Based on clinical impressions personality disorders (PDs) and psychiatric disorders characterized by body image disorder (BID) have been suggested to be relatively common in cosmetic surgery settings and closely associated with patient's post-operative dissatisfaction despite technically satisfactory surgical results, leading to problems for both patients and surgeons.

The study investigated the prevalence and the comorbidity between BID and PDs in patients seeking cosmetic surgery, as well as the impact of the following clinical variables on patient's post-operative dissatisfaction: number of pathological personality traits, severity of body uneasiness and worries about particular body parts and intensity of these concerns.

Two hundred fifty patients scheduled for profile, breast and body contouring cosmetic surgery from two Italian hospitals (90% F; Mage = 31.5 ± 4.0) completed the Body Uneasiness Test (BUT), the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4+ (PDQ-4) before surgery and a measure of patient satisfaction 13 months after surgery.

18.9% of subjects, had at least 1 PD (cluster B and C's in particular). Using the BUT cut-off score as a marker of clinical significance, 48.8% of subjects had a BID, and all PD patients showed comorbidity with BID. The number of pathological personality traits, the severity of body uneasiness and the intensity of worries about body parts showed a predictive power on patients’ post-operative dissatisfaction.

PDs and BID are common in cosmetic surgery settings. Our data suggest also that a thorough pre-operative clinical assessment may allow the pre-operative identification of patients with low levels of post-operative satisfaction.

A retrospective study in India had showed high rate of comorbid disruptive disorders in children with Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, but not depression and anxiety disorders as opposed to western literature. Studies using structured assessment tools are lacking in Indian population and thus valid data on prevailing pattern of comorbidities in ADHD children is lacking.

To study the pattern of co-morbidities in Indian children & adolescents (subjects) with ADHD and to compare the degree of functional impairment between ADHD subjects with and without comorbidities.

60 consecutive subjects aged 6 to 16 years diagnosed as ADHD based on DSM IV TR were recruited with informed consent, from a tertiary care centre during a period of 6 months. Kiddie-SADS - PL was applied to identify comorbidities in these subjects. Global functioning was assessed by Children Global Assessment scale (CGAS) in all these subjects.

55% of recruited subjects had comorbidity, the most highly prevalent lifetime disorder being Oppositional Defiant disorder (25%), followed by conduct disorder (13.3%), Bipolar affective disorder (13.3%), Major depressive disorder (10%), Communication disorder (10%), Substance use disorder (8.4%), Obsessive compulsive disorder (8.3%), Tic disorder (5.4%), Learning disorder (5%), Elimination disorder (3.3%), Social phobia (1.7%) and Separation anxiety disorder (1.7%). Subjects with comorbidities had poorer global functioning (41.58 ± 0.45) when compared to ADHD subjects without comorbidities (47.67 ± 8.57) (p = 0.018).

Our study points out that Comorbid disorders like anxiety disorders are not as low as projected by the earlier Indian studies.

The studying of particularities in clinical development of comorbidity in schizophrenia with sustained hypertension.

60 patients with paranoid form of schizophrenia accompanied with somatic pathology (sustained hypertension).

Clinical-catamnesis, clinical- psychopathology methods, psychometry scale (PANSS, HARS, HDRS, ESRS).

Clinical features of comorbidity in schizophrenia with sustained hypertension are characterized by structural particularities of productive and deficiency disorders. The depression with hypochondriasis and anxiety symptoms is more expressive. Neurocognitive symptoms and low quality remission are marked (p < 0,01). Male patients more often have negative symptoms of anxiety (46,7%),irritability and aggressive behavior (33,3%)were marked in comparison with the control group (p < 0,05). Were identified patients could endure psychic medications worse. Resistance and intolerance to psychotropic medicines were revealed. More corrector medicines in side effect of extrpyramid symptoms were given (p < 0,01) total polyfarmacy (p < 0,01) in patients with comorbidity in schizophrenia and sustained hypertension was marked.

Patients with comorbidity in schizophrenia and sustained hypertension developed more complex pattern of the disease. Patients were revealed to endure psychic medications worse. They were marked to have secondary resistance to psychotropic therapy.

According to meta-analytic review, body dissatisfaction (BD) is recognized as the strongest risk factor of all forms of eating disorders (EDs).Yet, it has been found that BD is so prevalent among adolescent girls and young adult women that it is “normative”. The present study investigates why only a minority of adolescents girls report severe levels of ED symptomatology, when so many are body dissatisfied?

Five theoretically relevant variables are investigated as potential moderators of the BD-ED symptomatology relationship (drive for thinness and bulimic behaviours).

A sample of 401 Italian adolescent girls completed questionnaire measures of BD, drive for thinness, bulimic behaviours, as well as the proposed moderating variables of body checking, perfectionism, appearance control beliefs, internalization of socio-cultural standards of beauty, and self-esteem.

Structural equation modeling with latent factor interactions indicated that body checking, perfectionism, appearance control beliefs and internalization of socio-cultural standards of beauty intensified the primary BD-ED symptomatology, such that BD was strongly related to drive for thinness and bulimic behaviours when levels of each moderator were higher. By contrast self-esteem buffered the deleterious effects of BD, such that when levels of the moderator were higher, the relationship between BD and each criterion variable representing female's ED symptomatology was weaker.

Several risk and protective factors have been found to interact with BD to influence its relation to ED symptomatology. The findings can inform the design and delivery of tailored prevention and treatments interventions for adolescent's eating disturbances.

Martinez Jambrina et al. (2010) developed the first research on the quality of assertive community treatment offered by Avilés ACT team to patients who were referred to this service with psychiatric diagnoses included in the group of severe and persistent. This research focused on the study of quality standards on internal organization, assistential activity, external coordination, accessibility and quality of care considered by the users and their families.

To analyze the quality of the interventions of the Avilés ACT team during one year (april 2011–april 2012) and compare it with results reached in 2010.

Descriptive Research - No experimental - Transversal.

ACT Team 11 members (2 psychiatrists, 6 nurses, 2 auxiliar nurses 1 social worker) and Users of ETAC: 110 users.

Variables- Internal Organization:- Assistential Activity- External Coordination- Accessibility- Quality of Care.

The results obtained are similar to our first research (2010) The ACT team of Aviles works with quality levels that can be considered optimal if referring to USA standards of quality in this intervention

Identifying at-risk mental states of psychosis can reduce the duration of untreated psychosis and the rate of transition. Meanwhile, it may improve prevention strategies of suicide, substance abuse and anxiety disorders comorbidities.

We aim to investigate the clinical symptomatology differences at baseline, especially in non-specific symptoms, between UHR (Ultra High Risk) patients who did or did not make a transition to psychosis. Sharpening UHR inclusion criteria may improve prediction of transition to psychosis.

The study included 85 young help-seekers (mean age= 20 y.o.) meeting UHR CAARMS’ criteria. 46 were followed up over a period of 30 months and 27 of them were assessed in a comprehensive clinical interview. Out of 46 finally included UHR subjects, 11 (40%) made a transition to psychosis. Psychopathology was investigated with the Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental State (CAARMS), BPRS and GAF-score. To identify the most predictive variables of transition, we applied a stepwise logistic regression on CAARMS’ criteria plus other variables (premorbid adjustment scale, cannabis use, subjective experienced life events, treatment and suicide).

At baseline, premorbid adjustment and severity of CAARMS’ Obesssive-Compulsive Symptoms (OCS) were found to significantly influence the transition: poor premorbid adjustment, associated with moderate level of OCS increased the sensitivity (72.7%) and the specificity (92.8%) of the prediction.

Premorbid adjustment and level of OCS were predictive of transition in subjects at UHR. These characteristics could increase the level of prediction of psychosis.

White-matter abnormalities are sometimes associated with mood disorders, and atypical depression may be related with a leukodystrophy.

A case report of a treatment-resistant depression with cognitive deficits and extensive white-matter hyperintensities suggested a literature review on this unattended association.

A 33 yrs. woman was recovered in our psychiatric ward with a recurrent depressive disorder, partially resistant to antidepressant for eleven years. MADRS score was 26 at admission, without significant anxiety or psychotic symptoms. After 12 days, she presented delirium with neurological localisation symptoms. MRI examination put in evidence confluent hypersignal of white matter with demyelinisation, without grey-matter lesion. No biological or enzymatic abnormalities were detected. A severe executive dysfunction with information slowing was detected on neuropsychological assessment. We performed a literature review on the association of depression and leukodystrophy.

The presented case is a probable Childhood Ataxia with Cerebral Hypomyelination (CACH) syndrome lately revealed by treatment-resistant depression. It represents 30% of all causes of leukodystrophy, and as it is described typically in a childhood form, an onset at adulthood has also been reported, sometimes with foreground behavioural and affective disorders. in that form, it may present with a treatment-resistant and atypical depression.

Treatment-resistant depression in young people with an atypical presentation may be related with an extensive white-matter disease, and a complete evaluation including MRI, biological, enzymatic, neuropsychological assessments, is therefore recommended.

The relationship between testosterone levels and depressive symptoms has been described as U-shaped in some previous studies.

To investigate the relationship between testosterone levels and male mental health as well as evening cortisol.

In this community study 534 males were screened, using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Gotland Male Depression Scale (GMDS), Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and a general health questionnaire. Those with signs of depression (n = 65) and randomly selected controls (n = 69) were evaluated by a psychiatrist for Depressive Disorder (DD). in a sub-sample (n = 51) saliva testosterone was measured two times on a single day.

Morning values were significantly higher than evening values (236 vs. 145 pg/ml p = 0.009). Evening testosterone was significantly higher in males depressive according to both MADRS (p = 0.017) and BDI (p = 0.031). This relationship was also present when tested for U shaped connection by dividing the group into three even parts by testosterone levels. Men with depression were significantly more likely to be in the highest third of testosterone levels (BDI p = 0.021; MADRS p = 0.018). There was also a significant correlation between elevated evening cortisol and evening testosterone levels (p = 0.021). However, high evening cortisol and high evening testosterone were not detecting the same depressive cases according to either BDI or MADRS scales. Thus, simultaneous testing for evening cortisol and evening testosterone did not increase specificity for clinical diagnosis of DD.

Males with high evening testosterone seem to be more likely to have depressive symptoms but further studies are needed.

: Human impulsivity is a complex multidimensional construct encompassing cognitive, emotional, and behavioral aspects. Previous animal studies have suggested that striatal dopamine receptors play a critical role in impulsivity. in this study, we investigated the relationship between self-reported cognitive impulsiveness and dopamine D2/3 receptor availability in striatal subdivisions in healthy subjects using high-resolution positron emission tomography (PET) with [11C]raclopride.

Twenty-one participants completed 3-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging and high-resolution PET scans with [11C]raclopride. The trait of impulsiveness was measured using the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11). Partial correlation analysis was performed between BIS-11 scores and D2/3 receptor availability in striatal subregions, controlling for the confounding effects of temperament characteristics that are conceptually or empirically related to dopamine, which were measured by the Temperament and Character Inventory.

The analysis revealed that the non-planning (p = 0.004) and attentional (p = 0.007) impulsiveness subscale scores on the BIS-11 had significant positive correlations with D2/3 receptor availability in the pre-commissural dorsal caudate. There was a tendency toward positive correlation between non-planning impulsiveness score and D2/3 receptor availability in the post-commissural caudate.

These results suggest that cognitive subtrait of impulsivity is associated with D2/3 receptor availability in the associative striatum that plays a critical role in cognitive processes involving attention to detail, judgment of alternative outcomes, and inhibitory control.

The relationship between obesity and Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD) has been studied in recent years. It was indicated that the proportion of ADHD in children with obesity was high and body mass index (BMI) of children with ADHD was also higher than healthy controls [1]. Impulsivity as a trait was found to be associated with obesity and predictor of future weight gain among children with obesity (2,3). From here, we aim to evaluate the impulsivity and ADHD symptoms among adults with obesity.

32 female patients with obesity (BMI>30) who admitted to the diet clinic of Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Medical Faculty were recruited for the study. ADHD symptoms were evaluated with Wender Utah Rating Scale(WURS) while impulsivity was measured with Barratt Impulsiveness Scale(BIS).

Mean age, BMI, WURS and BIS scores of the patiens were 35.3 ± 10.8 years, 39.2 ± 6.2 kg., 35.8 ± 19.2 and 61.3 ± 10.4, respectively. 42.3% of the patiens had child and adolescent ADHD symptoms and one third still had ADHD symptoms in adulthood (12.5% inattentive, 9.4% hyperactive-impulsive, 6.2% combined). BIS total(p+0.003), BIS attention(p < 0.01) and self control(p = 0.004) sub-item scores were positively correlated with WURS total scores.

Our findings were consistent the literature that patients with obesity were more impulsive than healthy controls(4).

ADHD and impulsivity might have implications for weight regulation. Our findings may provide a frame work for future studies with bigger sample sizes aiming to detect the relationship between impulsivity and ADHD symptoms in patients with obesity.

Healthcare professionals (HCP) suffer from work-related or occupational stress often resulting from high expectations, coupled with insufficient time, skills and/or social support at work, but stress also resolves from everyday life.

The aim of the present study was to measure the stress-related psychological symptoms in HCP and to assess significant differences among different specialties.

Stress as a syndrome that is factorially distinct from depression and anxiety, characterized by nervous tension, difficulty relaxing and irritability, was measured with the stress scale of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS). Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS-19.

196 HCP from a public hospital in Greece participated in the study. of them, 33 (16.6%) were males and 166(83.4%) females. 49(24.6%) were nursing staff, 59(29.6%) medical staff (MS) and 91(45.7%) administrative personnel (AP). in stress, Nursing Aid (NA) (M = 14.8 ± 8.4), Paramedics (P) (M = 17.8 ± 10.5) and MS (M = 13.7 ± 10.7) had higher scores from the general population (M = 12.4 ± 9.8). Statistical significant differences were found with Mann Whitney U, in stress between Register Nurses (RN) (M = 8.1 ± 6.4) and MS (M = 13.7 ± 10.7) (z = −2.458 p < .05) and between RN and NA (M = 14.8 ± 8.4) (z = −2.058 p < .05). After ANOVA, MS were found more easily upset, impatient and irritable/over reactive than RN(z = −1.952 −2.034 and −2.408 p < .05 respectively), NA more easily upset and irritable than RN(z = −2.875 and −2.160 p < .05 respectively) and paramedics were more impatient than RN (z = −2.713).

Health care staff experiences stress with significant differences among different specialties that are correlated with the profession and the demands of the job description.

In the treatment of bipolar disorder, mood stabilizers (MS), antipsychotics (AP), antidepressants (AD) and anxiolytics can be used according to the type and severity of the episode.

The frequency of somatic and pharmacological treatments in hospitalized bipolar patients were investigated in this study.

In this study the data of 108 bipolar type I patients who were admitted to psychiatry clinic of a university hospital due to manic episode between 2007–2009 were examined.

The rate of the treatments for mania was %6.6 for MS, %88.8 for MS + AP and %4.4 for AP. For depressive episode it was %33.3 for MS+AD, %38.8 for MS+AP, %38.8 for MS+AD+AP. Lithium (55.5%) and valproic acid (42.5%) were the most preferred MS drugs. Average dose was 1330 ± 43.2 for lithium and 1118 ± 27.9 mg / day for valproic acid. Most frequently (46.2%) preferred antipsychotics was Olanzapine. Average dose was 16.1 ± 0.8 mg / day. 12.9% of the patients had received electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) at an average of 9.7 ± 5.2 sequences.

Lithium treatment in bipolar disorder seems to be first choice for the treatment and prevention of acute episodes. There is an increase in the using of the atypical antipsychotics as mood stabilizers. ECT may be an effective method for patients who do not respond to medications. Considering the diagnosis of patients hospitalized in our clinic, drug selection and treatment modalities were consistent with treatment guidelines.

Syringe exchange has been suggested as a potential conduit to treatment for drug addiction. This has been tried in a few US trials, but never in Europe.

This study aims to assess effectiveness of a syringe exchange for referral of heroin addicts to evidence-based treatment, and to assess, in an RCT design, the contribution of a case management intervention.

Consecutive heroin addicts attending the syringe exchange of Malmö, Sweden, who are willing to participate, are referred to maintenance treatment (methadone or buprenorphine, medication based on clinical assessment and outside the study design), and randomized to either a strength-based case management intervention in order to facilitate referral, or referral-only. If eligible for treatment, patients are initiated on the maintenance treatment after 12 days. Study outcome is successful transfer from syringe exchange to treatment initiation.

The study is currently being finalized, and final results (N = 70–75) will be available before presentation at the EPA congress. Pilot data from the first phase of recruitment revealed that among 21 patients, 16 (76%) were willing to join the study. Among them, all 16 successfully showed up for medical assessment, and all but one (94%) successfully initiated medication. Preliminary follow-up until today confirm a similar picture.

Pilot data indicate that syringe exchange can be used for transfer to evidence-based treatment in heroin addiction. High rates of patients are successfully transferred to treatment, with or without a facilitating case management intervention. Final results will be presented at the congress.

Although the lifetime prevalence of bipolar disorder is not different between men and women, some of the features of the disease vary between the genders.

To compare the clinical and sociodemographic features of bipolar disorder according to gender.

In this study the data of 125 bipolar disorder tip I patients who had been admitted to Department of Psychiatry of Gulhane Military Medical Faculty between 2009–2011 were examined. Data of these patients were obtained by examining the patients files.

95 of 125 patients (%76.0) were male, and 30 (%24.0) were female. Age of disease onset in bipolar male patients was 22,5 ± 6,9; %6.3 had a history of suicid attempt and %11.6 had a history of substance abuse. Age of disease onset in bipolar female patients was 28,7 ± 9.7. %23.3 had a history of suicide attempt. There was no history of substance abuse in female patients. Psychotic features and history of substance abuse were more prominent in men. The later age of disease onset and longer duration of hospitalization were determined in women.

Our results were appeared to be in line with the results of the studies about gender differences in bipolar disorder. Making prospective studies about this subject is considered to be useful to determine the epidemiological characteristics of mood disorders.