Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-mp689 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-20T06:37:57.672Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Next day effects after nighttime treatment with zolpidem: a review

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 April 2020

M Undén  and
B Roth Schechter
M Undén
Affiliation:
Sct Hans Hospital, Department M, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
B Roth Schechter
Affiliation:
Boston Research and Science Consulting, Dover, MA02030, USA
Get access

Summary

The purpose of this review was to analyze the literature for potential next-day residual effects of zolpidem, a non-benzodiazepine hypnotic, following nighttime administration. Based on more than 30 international clinical trials involving more than 2,600 subjects/patients, it can be concluded that at the recommended doses of zolpidem 10 mg for adults and zolpidem 5 mg for the elderly, at single or repeated dosing, in healthy subjects or insomniac patients, zolpidem appears to induce minimal next-day residual effects. As for all sedative hypnotics, zolpidem is indicated for the short-term treatment of insomnia and is recommended to be taken only when the patient is able to get a full night's sleep before resuming usual activities.

Keywords

zolpidembenzodiazepine I-receptoromega-I receptor selectivityshort actingresidual effectsmemory functionperformances
Type
Research Article
Information
European Psychiatry , Volume 11 , Issue S1: Sleep disorders: epidemiology, social impact and treatment attitudes - Symposium to the AEP Congress , 1996 , pp. 21s - 30s
Copyright
Copyright © 1996 Elsevier, Paris

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Allain, HLieury, AGandon, JMPsychopharmacology of memory componentsHindmarch, IStonier, PDHuman Psychopharmacology: Measures and Methods vol 4 Chichester: J Wiley & Sons Ltd 1993 143–164Google Scholar
Arbilla, SAllen, JWick, ALanger, SHigh affinity [3H] Zolpidem binding in the rat brain: Imidazopyridine wtih agonist properties at central benzodiazepine receptors. Eur J Pharmacol 1988; 130: 257–263CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Balkin, TJO’Donnell, VMWesensten, NJComparison of the daytime sleep and performance effects of Zolpidem versus triazolam. Psychopharmacology 1992; 107: 83–88CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Balter, MBUhlenhuth, EHThe beneficial and adverse effects of hypnotics. J Clin Psychiatry 1991; 52(F)S:16–23Google ScholarPubMed
Balter, MBUhlenhuth, EHNew epidemiological findings about insomnia and its treatment. J Clin Psychiatry 1992; 53 (suppl 12): 34–42Google ScholarPubMed
Benavides, JPeny, BDubois, A et al. In vivo in eraction of Zolpidem with central benzodiazepine (BZD) binding sites (as labeled by (3H)Ro 15-1788) in the mouse brain. Preferential affinity of Zolpidem for the omega 1 (BZD 1) subtype. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1988; 245(3):1033–1040Google ScholarPubMed
Benavides, JPeny, BDurand, AArbilla, SScatton, BComparative in vivo and in vitro regional selectivity of central (benzodiazepin) site ligands in inhibiting [3h] flumazenil binding in the rat central nervous system. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1992; 263(2):884–896Google Scholar
Benavides, JPeny, BRuano, DVictorica, JScatton, Comparative autoradiographic distribution of central omega (benzodiazepine) modulatory site subtypes with high, intermediate and low affinity for Zolpidem and alpidem. Brain Res 1993; 604(1–2):240–250CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bensimon, GForet, JWarot, D et al. Daytime wakefulness following a bedtime oral dose of Zolpidem 20 mg, flunitrazepam 2 mg and placebo. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1990; 30(3): 463–469CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Berlin, IWarot, DHergueta, TMolinier, PPagot, CPuech, AComparison of the effects of Zolpidem and triazolam on memory functions, psychomotor performances, and postural sway in healthy subjects. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1993; 13(2):100–106CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Besset, ATafti, MBilliard, MEffects of Zolpidem on sleep architecture and daytime psychomotor skills in poor sleepersAbstract books, 10th Congress of the European Sleep Research Society Strasbourg, 20–25 May 1990. 1990; 138Google Scholar
Billard, MEvaluation of daytime wakefulness Insomnie et Imidazopyridines Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica 1990; 172–179Google Scholar
Bixler, EOKales, ABrubaker, BHKales, JDAdverse reactions to benzodiazepine hypnotics: spontaneous reporting system. Pharmacology 1987; 35: 286–300CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bixler, EOKales, AManfredi, RLVgontzas, ANTyson, KLKales, JDNext-day memory impairment with triazolam use. Lancet 1991; 337(8755):827–831CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bliwise, DSeidel, WKaracan, I et al. Daytime sleepiness as a criterion in hypnotic medication trials; comparison of triazolam and flurazepam. Sleep 1983; 6: 156–163CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Borbely, AAYoumbi-Balderer, GJaggi-Schwarz, KZolpidem (10 mg and 20 mg): hypnotic action and residual effects after a single bedtime doseSauvanet, JPLager, SZMorselli, PLImidazopyridines in sleep disorders: a novel experimental and therapeutic approach New York: Raven Press 1988; 205–210Google Scholar
Carskadon, MADement, WCSleep tendency: an objective measure of sleep loss. Sleep Res 1977; 6:200Google Scholar
Carskadon, MADement, WCMitler, MRoth, TKeenan, SGuidelines for the multiple sleep latency (MSLT): a standard measure of sleepinessSleep 1986 519–524Google ScholarPubMed
Chaumet-Riffaud, ADesforges, CLavoisy, JReview of the postmarketing surveillance experience collected with Zolpidem during the first three years after launch in Europe. Abstracts of the 11th European Congress of the ESRS, Helsinki, Finland, 5–10 July 1992 Sleep Res 1992; 1(S1):40Google Scholar
Curran, HVSchiwy, WLader, MDifferential amnesic properties of benzodiazepines: a dose-response comparison of two drugs with similar half-lives. Psychopharmacology 1987; 92: 358–364CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Declerck, ARuwe, FO’Hanlon, JWauquier, AEffects of Zolpidem and fluni trazepam of women subjectively complaining of insomnia. Psychopharmacology 1992; 106(4):497–501CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Declerck, AVerbeek, IBeecher, LSchuur, JShifts and awakenings: valuable indicators of the quality of sleep: do these parameters react differently to hypnotics?. Physiol Behav 1993; 54(4):815–817CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
DeJong, HJackson, JLouwerens, JA double blind study on the residual effect on the memory of the Imidazopyridine Zolpidem compared placebo. Book of abstracts, WFSRS, Cannes, France, 21–25 Sept. Sleep Res 1991; 20A:124Google Scholar
Dement, WCThe proper use of sleeping pills in the primary care setting. J Clin Psychiatry 1992; 53(suppl 12):50–56Google ScholarPubMed
Dement, WCMitler, MIt's time to wake up to the importance of sleep disorders. JAMA 1993; 269(12):1548–1550CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dockhurn, RJDockhurn, FW. Zolpidem in the treatment of short-term insomnia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Clin Neuropharmacol 1995; in pressGoogle Scholar
Dujardin, KDerambure, PGuieu, JDBorderies, PLeconte, PEffects of a single dose of Zolpidem 10 mg comparatively to placebo and 2 mg of flunitrazepam on cognitive process the day following the intake. Book of abstracts, WFSRS, Cannes, France, 21–25 Sept 1991. Sleep Res 1992; 20A:126Google Scholar
Durand, AThenot, JBianchetti, GMorselli, PLComparative pharmacokinetic profile of two Imidazopyridine drugs: Zolpidem and alpidem. Drug Metab Rev 1992; 24(2):239–266CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Erman, MErwin, CGengo, F et al. Efficacy of Zolpidem and temazepam in transient insomnia Abstracts of the proceedings of the APSS Congress, Nashville, TN, USA, 30 May–4 June 1995; 15:8Google Scholar
Fairweather, DBKerr, JSHindmarch, IThe effects of acute and repeated doses of Zolpidem on subjective sleep, psychomotorper-formance and cognitive function in elderly volunteers. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1992; 43: 597–601CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fleming, JScharf, MMoldofsky, H et al. Comparison of residual effects and efficacy of Zolpidem, flurazepam, and placebo in patients with chronic insomnia. Clin Drug Invest 1995; 9(6):303–313CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gengo, FMOwudzinski, DMManning, EResidual Daytime Effects of Zolpidem, Temazepam and Doxylamine in Healthy Volunteers Abstracts of the proceedings of the APSS Congress, Nashville, TN, USA, 30 May–4 June 1995; 15:80Google Scholar
Greenblatt, DJHarmatz, JSEngelhardt, NShader, RIPharmacokinetic Determinants of Dynamic Differences Among Three Benzodiazepine Hypnotics. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1989; 46: 326–332CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Griffiths, ANMarshall, RWRichens, ASaccadic eye movement analysis as a measure of drug effects on human psychomotor performance. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1984; 18:73S–82SCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Guieu, JDDujardin, KDerambure, PBorderies, PComparison of acute and residual effects on memory and attention of the single dose of Zolpidem (10 mg) vs zopiclone, flunitrazepam and placebo Abstracts of the Congress of the American Sleep Disorder Association, 8th Annual Meeting, Boston, MA, USA, June 4–9, 1994. Clin Pharmacol 1994; 218:427Google Scholar
Hindmarch, ICritical Flicker Fusion Frequency (CFFF). The effects of psychotropic compounds. Pliarmacopsychiatria 1982; 15(S1):44–48CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hindmarch, IPsychological performance models as indicators of the effects of hypnotic drugs on sleep. In: Hindmarch, IOtt, HRoth, TPsychopharmacology Supplemenlum Berlin: Sringer-Verlag 1984Google Scholar
Hoddes, EDement, WCZarcone, VQuantification of sleepiness: a new approach. Psychophysiuology 1973; 10: 431–436CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hoffmann, GLebon, OLebuck, REffects of Zolpidem on polysomnography and daytime performance in psychophysiological insomnia. Book of abstracts, WFSRS, Cannes, France, 21–25 Sept 1991. Sleep Res 1991; 20A: 330Google Scholar
Jackson, JLouwerens, JCnossen, FDe Jong, HTesting the effects of the imidazopyridine Zolpidem on memory: an ecologically valid approach. Human Psychopharmacol 1992; 7(5):325–330CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, LCChernik, DASedative-hypnotics and human performance. Psychopharmacology 1982; 76: 101–113CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johnson, LCChernik, DAEffects of flurazepam and midazolam on sleep and next-day performance in chronic insomniacs; report of a multicenter study. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1988; 8: 106–123Google Scholar
King, DJMeasures of neuroleptic effects on cognition and psychomotor performances in healthy volounteers. In: Hindmarch, IStonier, PDHuman Psychopharmacology vol 4 Chichester: J Wiley & Sons 1993;195–209Google Scholar
Kirk, TRoache, JDLgriffiths, RRDose-response evaluation of the amnestic effects of triazolam and pentobarbital in normal subjects. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1990; 10: 161–168CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kleinknecht, RADonaldson, DA review of the effects of diazepam on cognitive function and psychomotor performance. J Nerv Ment Dis 1975; 161: 399–411Google ScholarPubMed
Kryger, MHSteljes, DPouliot, ZNeufeld, HOdynski, TSubjective versus objective evaluation of hypnotic efficacy: experience with Zolpidem. Sleep 1991; 14(5):399–407CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kummer, JZander, KPolysomnographic profile of long-term efficacy of Zolpidem after withdrawal in elderly psychiatric inpatients with severe insomnia Abstacts of the 5th World Congress of Biological Psychiatry, Florence, Italy, 10–14 June 1991. Br J Psychiatry 1991; 29(11S):517SGoogle Scholar
Kurtz, DBaas, VRumbach, LEffets de l’administration répétée de Zolpidem 10 mg sur le sommeil et la vigilance diurne chez des mauvais dormeurs Abstracts of the Symposium Stilnox, 10th European Congress of the European Sleep Research Society Strasbourg, France, 20–25 May 1990 Auckland: Adis 1991; 43–50Google Scholar
Lader, MAn overview of classical and novel drugs in the treatment of insomnia Abstracts of the 6th ECNP Congress 10–14 October 1993, Budapest, HungaryEur Neuropsychopharmacology 1993;(S):20–24Google Scholar
Langer, SArbilla, SLimitations of the benzodiazepine receptor nomenclature: a proposal for a pharmacological classification as omega receptor subtypes. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 1988; 2(3):159–170CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Langer, SArbilla, SSanger, D et al. Differences between imidazopyridines and benzodiazepines on omega receptor selectivity: relevance to the effects on long term administration XVIth C.I.N.P Congress, Munich, 1519 Aug 1988. Psychopharmacology 1988; 96(S):90Google Scholar
Langtry, HDBenfield, PZolpidem: a review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic potential. Drugs 1990; 40(2):291–313CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lister, RGThe amnesic action of benzodiazepines in man. Neurosci Bio-Behav Rev 1985; 9:87–04CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lorizio, ATerzano, MParrino, LControlled study of the efficacy and safety of two oral doses of Zolpidem (10 and 20 mg). In: Sauvanet, J PLanger, SZMorselli, PLImidazopyridines in sleep disorders: a novel experimental and therapeutic approach New York: Raven Press 1988 6:385Google Scholar
Lund, RRuether, EWober, WEffects of Zolpidem (10 and 20 mg), lormetazepam, triazolam and placebo on night sleep and residual effects during the day. In: Sauvanet, JPLanger, SZMorselli, PLImidazopyridines in sleep disorders: a novel experimental and therapeutic approach New York: Raven Press 1988; 6: 193–203Google Scholar
Merloni, LRoehrs, TKoshorek, GZorick, FLamphere, JRoth, TThe dose effects of Zolpidem on the sleep of healthy normals. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1989; 9: 9–14Google Scholar
Monti, JMEffect of Zolpidem on sleep for insomniac patients. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1989; 36: 461–466CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Morgan, KHypnotics in the elderly, what cause for concern?. Drugs 1990; 40(5):688–696CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Morgan, KHypnotic drugs, psychomotor performance and aging. J Sleep Res 1994; 3: 1–15CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morris, HHEstes, MLTraveler's amnesia: transient global amnesia secondary to triazolam. JAMA 1987; 258: 945–946CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Morselli, PLLarribaud, JGuillet, P et al. Daytime residual effects of Zolpidem: a review of available data. In: Sauvanet, JPLanger, SZMorselli, PLImidazopyridines in Sleep Disorders: A Novel Experimental and Therapeutic Approach, vol 6 New York: Raven Press 1988;183–191Google Scholar
Nicholson, APascoe, PHypnotic activity of an Imidazopyridine (Zolpidem). Br J Pharmacol 1986; 21: 205–211CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ochs, RFillingim, JCutler, N et al. The effect of Zolpidem in elderly patients with chronic insomnia. Sleep Res 21 1992 69Google Scholar
Poirrier, RFranck, GScheldewaert, RJolie, ATomas, MThe effect of long-term Zolpidem greatment on nocturnal polysomnography and daytime vigilance in patients swith psychophysiological insomnia Acta Ther 1994; 20: 77–86Google Scholar
Priest, RGTerzano, MGParrino, LBoyer, PEfficacy of Zolpidem in insomnia. Eur Psychiatry 1995; (preprint).1–10Google Scholar
Richens, AMercer, AJJones, DMGriffiths, AMarshall, RWEffects of Zolpidem on saccadic eye movements and psychomotor performance: a double-blind, placebo controlled study in healthy volunteers. J Clin Pharm 1993; 36: 61–65CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rittencourt, PSmith, ATWade, PRichens, AThe relationship between peak velocity of saccadic eye movements and serum benzodiazepine concentrations. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1981; 12: 523–533CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roehrs, TAKribbs, NZorick, FRoth, THypnotic residual effects of benzodiazepines with repeated administration. Sleep 1986; 2: 309–316CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roehrs, TMerloni, LZorick, FRoth, TSedative, memory and performance effects of hypnotics. Psychopharmacology 1994; 116: 130–134CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roth, TRoehrs, TWittig, RZorick, FBenzodiazepines and memory. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1984; 18:45S–49SCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roth, TVogel, GZolpidem in the treatment of transient insomnia: a double-blind, randomized comparison with placebo. Sleep 1995; 18(4):246–251CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roth, TZorick, FWining, RRoehrs, TPharmacological and medical considerations in hypnotic use. Sleep 1982; 5: 846–852CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sanger, DPerrault, GMorel, EJoly, DZivkovic, BThe behavioral profile of Zolpidem, a novel hypnotic drug of Imidazopyridine structure. Physiol Behav 1987; 41: 235–240CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sanger, DZivkovic, BDifferential development of tolerance to the depressant effects of benzodiazepine and non-benzodiazepine agonists at the omega (BZ) modulatory sites of GABA A receptors. Neuropharmacology 1992; 31(7):693–700CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scharf, MBMayleben, DWKaffeman, MKrall, ROchs, RDose response effects of Zolpidem in normal geriatric subjects. J Clin Psychiatry 1991; 52: 77–83Google ScholarPubMed
Scharf, MBMendels, JThorpy, MWeiss, BSafety of long-term Zolpidem treatment in patients with insomnia. Curr Ther Res 1994; 85(9):1100–1111CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scharf, MBPegram, VGWare, JCDose response of Zolpidem in patients with chronic insomnia. Sleep Res 1990; 19:90Google Scholar
Scharf, MBRoth, TVogel, GWalsh, JFA multicenter placebo controlled study evaluating Zolpidem in the treatment of chronic insomnia. J Clin Psychiatry 1994; 55(5):192–199Google ScholarPubMed
Scharf, MVogel, GKaffeman, MOchs, RDose-response of Zolpidem in elderly patients with chronic insomnia. Sleep Res 1991; 20:84Google Scholar
Schoch, PMoreau, JLMartin, JRHaefely, WEAspects of benzodiazepine receptor structure and function with relevance to drug tolerance and dependence. Biochem Soc Symp 1993; 59: 121–134Google ScholarPubMed
Sherwood, NKerr, JSThe reliability, validity and pharmacosensitivity of four psychomotors tests. In: Hindmarch, IStonier, PDHuman Psychopharmacology vol 4 Chichester: John Wiley & Sons Ltd 1993 1–14Google Scholar
Sicard, BATrocherie, SMoreau, J et al. Evaluation of Zolpidem on alertness and psychomotor abilities among aviation ground personnel and pilots Aviat Space Environ Med 1993; 64: 371–375Google ScholarPubMed
Terzano, MGLorizio, AFarolfi, ABorghi, CControlled study of the activity and safety of two oral doses (10 mg and 20 mg) of Zolpidem versus placebo. Abstracts of the 11th European Congress of the ECRS, Finland 5–10 July 1992. J Sleep Research 1992; 1(S1):228Google Scholar
Thenot, JPHermann, PDurand, A et al. Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of Zolpidem in Various Animal Species and in Humans. In: Imidazopyridines in Sleep Disorders New York: Raven Press 1988;139–153Google Scholar
Vaucher, MOsiek, CSchulz, PInfluence of Zolpidem, fiunitrazepam and placebo on the cognitive and memory function in healthy subjects. In: Abstracts of the 18th Congress of the International Union of Therapeutics. Geneva, 22–24 Apr. 1987 1988; 43(2):163Google Scholar
Vogel, GThurmond, AMacintosh, MClifton, TThe effects of Zolpidem on transient insomnia. Sleep Res 1988; 17:67Google Scholar
Walsh, JKSchweitzer, PKSugerman, JLMuehlbach, MJTransient insomnia associated with a three-hour phase advance of sleeptime and treatment with Zolpidem. J Clin Psychopliarmacol 1990; 10: 184–189Google Scholar
Woods, JJKatz, JWinger, GBenzodiazepines: Use, abuse and consequences. Pharmacol Rev 1992; 44: 151–347Google ScholarPubMed
World Psychiatric Association. Task force on sedative hypnotics. Eur Psychiatry 1993; 8: 45–49CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zivkovic, BPerrault, GSanger, DReceptor subtype-selective drugs: a new generation of anxiolytics and hypnotics. In: Target Receptors for Anxiolytics and Hypnotice. Edited by S. Langer. Molecular Pharmacology to Therapeutics 1992; 3: 55–73Google Scholar
Submit a response

Comments

No Comments have been published for this article.