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Morbidity and mortality in schizophrenia with comorbid substance use disorders in Finland and Sweden

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 August 2021

M. Lähteenvuo ,
A. Batalla ,
J. Luykx ,
E. Mittendorfer-Rutz ,
A. Tanskanen ,
J. Tiihonen  and
H. Taipale
M. Lähteenvuo*
Affiliation:
Department Of Forensic Psychiatry, Niuvanniemi hospital, Kuopio, Finland
A. Batalla
Affiliation:
Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
J. Luykx
Affiliation:
Department Of Psychiatry, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
E. Mittendorfer-Rutz
Affiliation:
Department Of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
A. Tanskanen
Affiliation:
Department Of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
J. Tiihonen
Affiliation:
Department Of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
H. Taipale
Affiliation:
Department Of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
*
*Corresponding author.

Abstract

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Introduction

Schizophrenia is highly comorbid with substance use disorders (SUD) but large epidemiological cohorts exploring the prevalence and prognostic significance of SUD are lacking.

Objectives

To investigate the prevalence of SUD in patients with schizophrenia in Finland and Sweden, and the effect of these co-occurring disorders on risks of psychiatric hospitalization and mortality.

Methods

45,476 individuals with schizophrenia from two independent national cohort studies, aged <46 years at cohort entry, were followed during 22 (1996-2017, Finland) and 11 years (2006-2016, Sweden). We first assessed SUD prevalence (excluding smoking). Then we performed Cox regression on risk of psychiatric hospitalization and mortality in patients with schizohrenia and SUD compared with those without SUD.

Results

The prevalence of SUD in specialized healthcare ranged from 26% (Finland) to 31% (Sweden). Multiple drug use and alcohol use disorders were the most prevalent SUD, followed by cannabis use disorders. Any SUD comorbidity, and particularly multiple drug use and alcohol use, were associated with 50% to 100% increases in hospitalization and mortality compared to individuals without SUD. Elevated mortality risks were observed especially for deaths due to suicide and other external causes. All results were similar across countries.

Conclusions

Co-occurring SUD, and particularly alcohol and multiple drug use, are associated with high rates of hospitalization and mortality in patients with schizophrenia. Preventive interventions should prioritize detection and tailored treatments for these co-morbidities, which often remain underdiagnosed and untreated.

Conflict of interest

ML: Genomi Solutions Ltd, Nursie Health Ltd, Sunovion, Orion Pharma, Janssen-Cilag, Finnish Medical Foundation, Emil Aaltonen Foundation. HT, EMR, AT: Eli Lilly, Janssen–Cilag. JT: Eli Lilly, Janssen-Cilag, Lundbeck, Otsuka.

Keywords

schizophréniasubstance abuse disordersepidemiologydual diagnosis
Type
Abstract
Information
European Psychiatry , Volume 64 , Special Issue S1: Abstracts of the 29th European Congress of Psychiatry , April 2021 , pp. S237 - S238
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BY
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the European Psychiatric Association
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