Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-9pm4c Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T10:26:27.424Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Metabolic profiles in adults with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disabilities

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 April 2020

L. Moses ,
N. Katz  and
A. Weizman
L. Moses*
Affiliation:
Health Services, Division for Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, Ministry of Social Affairs and Social Services, Jerusalem, Israel Maccabi Health Services, South District, Israel
N. Katz
Affiliation:
Geha Mental Health Center, Petah Tikva and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
A. Weizman
Affiliation:
Geha Mental Health Center, Petah Tikva and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Petah Tikva, Israel
*
*Corresponding author. Moshav Nir-Hen 4, 79330, Israel. Tel.: +972 52 3774206; fax: +972 153 8 6848854. E-mail address: lilachmoses@yahoo.com (L. Moses).
Get access

Abstract

Introduction

Low levels of blood cholesterol have been found in some children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Psychotropic medications, commonly used by people with ASD and people with intellectual disabilities (ID) are frequently associated with altered metabolic profiles.

Purpose

We aimed to compare metabolic features of adults with ASD or ID with those of a community-based population.

Subjects and methods

Data on blood fasting glucose (FBG), lipid profile, liver enzyme profile, TSH, BMI, medications and diagnoses of 80 adults with ASD, 77 adults with ID and 828 control adults were drawn from medical charts/database. Candidates that used glucose or lipid lowering medications were not included.

Results

Total-cholesterol levels of people with ASD and ID were significantly lower than those of the controls (168.3 ± 32.78, 168.2 ± 32.91, 185.4 ± 40.49 mg/dL, respectively, P < 0.001) but after adjusting for gender, age and BMI and using Bonferroni correction, the significance was lost. Compared to controls, ASD and ID had significantly lower FBG (by –14.45 ± 1.81, –14.58 ± 1.54 mg/dl, respectively; P < 0.001 for both) and liver enzymes, despite using psychotropic medications.

Discussion and conclusion

In contrast to other psychiatric patients receiving similar medications, people with ASD and ID have unaltered lipid profiles and lower glucose and liver enzyme levels compared to a community-based population.

Keywords

AutismIntellectual disabilitiesCholesterolGlucoseMetabolic profile
Type
Original article
Information
European Psychiatry , Volume 29 , Issue 7 , September 2014 , pp. 397 - 401
Copyright
Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Masson SAS

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

1

Equal contribution.

References

Agargun, M.Y., Ozer, O.A., Kara, H., Sekeroglu, R., Selvi, Y., Eryonucu, B.Serum lipid levels in patients with dissociative disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2004;161:2121–2123.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Apter, A., Laufer, N., Bar-Sever, M., Har-Even, D., Ofek, H., Weizman, A.Serum cholesterol, suicidal tendencies, impulsivity, aggression, and depression in adolescent psychiatric inpatients. Biol Psychiatry 1999;46:532–541.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Atasoy, N., Erdogan, A., Yalug, I., Ozturk, U., Konuk, N., Atik, L.et al.A review of liver function tests during treatment with atypical antipsychotic drugs: a chart review study. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2007;31:1255–1260.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Buydens-Branch, , Branchey, M., Hudson, J., Fergeson, P.Low HDL cholesterol, aggression and altered central serotonergic activity. Psychiatry Res 2000;93:93–102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cassidy, F., Carroll, B.J.Hypocholesterolemia during mixed manic episodes. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2002;252:110–114.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Castilla-Puentes, R.Effects of psychotropics on glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in a cohort of bipolar patients. Bipolar Disord 2007;9:772–778.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Choong, E., Bondolfi, G., Etter, M., Jermann, F., Aubry, J.M., Bartolomei, J.et al.Psychotropic drug-induced weight gain and other metabolic complications in a Swiss psychiatric population. J Psychiatr Res 2012;46:540–548.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen, S., Fitzgerald, B., Okos, A., Khan, S., Khan, A.Weight, lipids, glucose, and behavioral measures with ziprasidone treatment in a population with mental retardation. J Clin Psychiatry 2003;64:60–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
de Winter, C.F., Bastiaanse, L.P., Hilgenkamp, T.I., Evenhuis, H.M., Echteld, M.A.Cardiovascular risk factors (diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and metabolic syndrome) in older people with intellectual disability: results of the HA-ID study. Res Dev Disabil 2012;33:1722–1731.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Duntas, L.H.Thyroid disease lipids. Thyroid 2002;12:287–293.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dziobek, I., Gold, S.M., Wolf, O.T., Convit, A.Hypercholesterolemia in Asperger syndrome: independence from lifestyle, obsessive-compulsive behavior, and social anxiety. Psychiatry Res 2007;149:321–324.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gaulin, B.D., Markowitz, J.S., Caley, C.F., Nesbitt, L.A., Dufresne, R.L.Clozapine-associated elevation in serum triglycerides. Am J Psychiatry 1999;156:1270–1272.Google ScholarPubMed
Golier, J.A., Marzuk, P.M., Leon, A.C., Weiner, C., Tardiff, K.Low serum cholesterol level and attempted suicide. Am J Psychiatry 1995;152:419–423.Google ScholarPubMed
Kim, Y.K., Myint, A.M.Clinical application of low serum cholesterol as an indicator for suicide risk in major depression. J Affect Disord 2004;81:161–166.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kim, E.K., Neggers, Y.H., Shin, C.S., Kim, E., Kim, E.M.Alterations in lipid profile of autistic boys: a case control study. Nutr Res 2010;30:255–260.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lin, P.Y., Lin, L.P., Lin, J.D.Hypertension, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipemia among adolescents with intellectual disabilities. Res Dev Disabil 2010;31:545–550.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lindenmayer, J.P., Czobor, P., Volavka, J., Citrome, L., Sheitman, B., McEvoy, J.P.et al.Changes in glucose and cholesterol levels in patients with schizophrenia treated with typical or atypical antipsychotics. Am J Psychiatry 2003;160:290–296.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lorenzo, C., Hanley, A.J., Rewers, M.J., Haffner, S.M.The association of alanine aminotransferase within the normal and mildly elevated range with lipoproteins and apolipoproteins: the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study. Diabetologia 2013;56:746–757.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Malone, R.P., Delaney, M.A., Hyman, S.B., Cater, J.R.Ziprasidone in adolescents with autism: an open-label pilot study. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2007;17:779–790.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ming, X., Stein, T.P., Barnes, V., Rhodes, N., Guo, L.Metabolic perturbance in autism spectrum disorders: a metabolomics study. J Proteome Res 2012;11:5856–5862.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Murdoch, J.C., Rodger, J.C., Rao, S.S., Fletcher, C.D., Dunnigan, M.G.Down's syndrome: an atheroma-free model?. Br Med J 1977;2:226–228.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nir, I., Meir, D., Zilber, N., Knobler, H., Hadjez, J., Lerner, Y.Brief report: circadian melatonin, thyroid-stimulating hormone, prolactin, and cortisol levels in serum of young adults with autism. J Autism Dev Disord 1995;25:641–654.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pueschel, S.M., Craig, W.Y., Haddow, J.E.Lipids and lipoproteins in persons with Down's syndrome. J Intellect Disabil Res 1992;36(Pt 4):365–369.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Raeder, M.B., Ferno, J., Vik-Mo, A.O., Steen, V.M.SREBP activation by antipsychotic- and antidepressant-drugs in cultured human liver cells: relevance for metabolic side-effects?. Mol Cell Biochem 2006;289:167–173.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Repo-Tiihonen, E., Halonen, P., Tiihonen, J., Virkkunen, M.Total serum cholesterol level, violent criminal offences, suicidal behavior, mortality and the appearance of conduct disorder in Finnish male criminal offenders with antisocial personality disorder. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2002;252:8–11.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Salo, M.K., Solakivi-Jaakkola, T., Kivimaki, T., Nikkari, T.Plasma lipids and lipoproteins in Down's syndrome. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1979;39:485–490.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sikora, D.M., Pettit-Kekel, K., Penfield, J., Merkens, L.S., Steiner, R.D.The near universal presence of autism spectrum disorders in children with Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2006;140:1511–1518.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Steinert, T., Woelfle, M., Gebhardt, R.P.No correlation of serum cholesterol levels with measures of violence in patients with schizophrenia and non-psychotic disorders. Eur Psychiatry 1999;14:346–348.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Targher, G., Montagnana, M., Salvagno, G., Moghetti, P., Zoppini, G., Muggeo, M.et al.Association between serum TSH, free T4 and serum liver enzyme activities in a large cohort of unselected outpatients. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2008;68:481–484.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tierney, E., Bukelis, I., Thompson, R.E., Ahmed, K., Aneja, A., Kratz, L.et al.Abnormalities of cholesterol metabolism in autism spectrum disorders. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2006;141 B:666–668.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tsiouris, J.A., Kim, S.Y., Brown, W.T., Pettinger, J., Cohen, I.L.Prevalence of psychotropic drug use in adults with intellectual disability: positive and negative findings from a large scale study. J Autism Dev Disord 2013;43:719–731.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Submit a response

Comments

No Comments have been published for this article.