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Major Depressive Disorder Across Development and Course of Illness: A Functional Neuroimaging Meta-Analysis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 July 2023

C. Baten ,
A. M. Klassen ,
J. H. Shepherd ,
G. Zamora ,
E. Pritchard ,
S. Saravia ,
Z. Ali ,
J. Jordan ,
S. K. Kahlon  and
G. Maly
...Show all authors
C. Baten*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, California State University, Fresno
A. M. Klassen
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, California State University, Fresno
J. H. Shepherd
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, California State University, Fresno
G. Zamora
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, California State University, Fresno
E. Pritchard
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, California State University, Fresno
S. Saravia
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, California State University, Fresno
Z. Ali
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, California State University, Fresno
J. Jordan
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, California State University, Fresno
S. K. Kahlon
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, California State University, Fresno
G. Maly
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, California State University, Fresno
M. Duran
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, California State University, Fresno
S. Santos
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, California State University, Fresno
A. F. Nimarko
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford
D. W. Hedges
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, United States
P. Hamilton
Affiliation:
Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
I. H. Gotlib
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford
M. D. Sacchet
Affiliation:
Meditation Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
C. H. Miller
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, California State University, Fresno
*
*Corresponding author.

Abstract

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Introduction

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been used to identify the neural activity of both youth and adults diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD) in comparison to healthy age-matched controls. Previously reported abnormalities in depressed youth appear to mostly align with those found in depressed adults; however, some of the reported aberrant brain activity in youth has not been consistent with what is observed in adults, and to our knowledge there has not yet been a formal, quantitative comparison of these two groups. In addition, it is not known whether these observed differences between youth and adults with depression are attributable to developmental age or length-of-illness.

Objectives

The aim of this study is to elucidate the similarities and differences in patterns of abnormal neural activity between adults and youth diagnosed with MDD and to then determine whether these observed differences are due to either developmental age or length-of-illness.

Methods

We used multilevel kernel density analysis (MKDA) with ensemble thresholding and triple subtraction to separately determine neural abnormalities throughout the whole brain in primary studies of depressed youth and depressed adults and then directly compare the observed abnormalities between each of those age groups. We then conducted further comparisons between multiple subgroups to control for age and length-of-illness and thereby determine the source of the observed differences between youth and adults with depression.

Results

Adults and youth diagnosed with MDD demonstrated reliable, differential patterns of abnormal activation in various brain regions throughout the cerebral cortex that are statistically significant (p < .05; FWE-corrected). In addition, several of these brain regions that exhibited differential patterns of neural activation between the two age groups can be reliably attributed to either developmental age or length-of-illness.

Conclusions

These findings indicate that there are common and disparate patterns of brain activity between youth and adults with MDD, several of which can be reliably attributed to developmental age or length-of-illness. These results expand our understanding of the neural basis of depression across development and course of illness and may be used to inform the development of new, age-specific clinical treatments as well as prevention strategies for this disorder.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared

Type
Abstract
Information
European Psychiatry , Volume 66 , Special Issue S1: Abstracts of the 31st European Congress of Psychiatry , March 2023 , pp. S345 - S346
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BY
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the European Psychiatric Association
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