Atypical anti-psychotics are increasingly prescribed, given their tolerance. Among these anti-psychotic olanzapine, known for its adverse metabolic effects. By against an adverse event type rhabdomyolysis with olanzapine appears uncommon (<1%) and few clinical cases have been reported in the literature.

The aim of our study is to illustrate with a clinical case the occurrence of an isolated rhabdomyolysis with olanzapine.

Starting from the study of the case of a patient with rhabdomyolysis with olanzapine we studied the literature data. Clinical vignette: it is about a patient aged 25 followed for bipolar disorder type I. He responded to the association olanzapine and valproic acid then to valproic acid only. His last hospitalization for manic relapse dating to September 9, 2015 occurred in a context of treatment discontinuation. Upon admission the patient underwent an oral treatment based olanzapine and valproic acid. A dosage of creatine phosphokinase (CPK) done systematically, on September 11 showed high levels of (CPK) to 973 (U/L) without clinical signs of neuroleptic malignant syndrome. The electrocardiogram and biological tests results were normal. Other etiologies can lead to elevated (CPK) were eliminated. The persistent elevation of CPK motivated the arrest of olanzapine. The evolution was marked by a return to normal CPK rates after 15 days. The olanzapine was replaced by haloperidol and vaproic acid maintained. The pharmacovigilance investigation conclude to the accountability of olanzapine in this rhabdomyolysis.

Second generation, anti-psychotics are known for their better tolerance compared to conventional antipsychotics. However, they are not devoid of side effects.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.