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Ensayos de aumento controlados distribuidos al azar en pacientes esquizofrénicos resistentes a la clozapina: una revisión crítica

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 May 2020

Vassilis P. Kontaxakis ,
Panayotis P. Ferentinos ,
Beata J. Havaki-Kontaxaki  and
Dimitris K. Roukas
Vassilis P. Kontaxakis
Affiliation:
Departamento de Psiquiatria, Hospital Eginition, Universidad de Atenas, 74 Vas. Sophias Avenue, 11528Atenas, Grecia
Panayotis P. Ferentinos
Affiliation:
Departamento de Psiquiatria, Hospital Eginition, Universidad de Atenas, 74 Vas. Sophias Avenue, 11528Atenas, Grecia
Beata J. Havaki-Kontaxaki
Affiliation:
Departamento de Psiquiatria, Hospital Eginition, Universidad de Atenas, 74 Vas. Sophias Avenue, 11528Atenas, Grecia
Dimitris K. Roukas
Affiliation:
Departamento de Psiquiatria, Hospital Eginition, Universidad de Atenas, 74 Vas. Sophias Avenue, 11528Atenas, Grecia
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Resumen

El 40-70% aproximadamente de los pacientes esquizofrénicos resistentes al tratamiento no se benefician de la monoterapia de clozapine o responden parcialmente. Durante los últimos años, se ha introducido varios agentes complementarios a la clozapina en la práctica clínica. Este estudio pretende revisar críticamente todos los ensayos clínicos doble ciego distribuidos al azar controlados con placebo (EDAC) publicados acerca de la eficacia y seguridad de los agentes complementarios en pacientes esquizofrénicos o esquizoafectivos resistentes a la clozapina. Se realizó una búsqueda en Medline de los EDAC sobre agentes complementarios a la clozapina publicados desde enero de 1980 hasta febrero de 2004. Se revisó críticamente todos los artículos identificados y se los examinó con respecto a varios rasgos metodológicos, así como parámetros clínicos y farmacológicos. Once ensayos que incluían a 270 pacientes con respuesta parcial o inexistente a la clozapina evaluaban la eficacia de la sulpirida, el litio, la lamotrigina, la fluoxetina, la glicina, la D-serina, la D-cicloserina y el etil-eicosapentanoato (E-EPA) como tratamiento complementario de la clozapina. Había ocho ensayos de grupos paralelos y tres cruzados. Los criterios de inclusión variaban mucho. La duración y la dosis de monoterapia de clozapina comunicadas eran adecuadas en un solo ensayo. Las concentraciones de clozapina en plasma se evaluaron sólo en tres ensayos. Los efectos secundarios principals comunicados fueron: hipersalivación, sedatión, diarrea, náuseas e hiperprolactinemia. La evolutión favoreció al aumento de clozapina con sulpirida, lamotrigina y E-EPA. Se mostró que el litio beneficiaba sólo a los pacientes esquizoafectivos. Sin embargo, las limitaciones metodológicas de los ensayos analizados limitan las repercusiones de los datos proporcionados.

Keywords

EsquizofreniaResistente a la clozapinaDoble ciegoControladoAumentoComplementario
Type
Revisíon
Information
European Psychiatry (Ed. Española) , Volume 13 , Issue 1 , February 2006 , pp. 17 - 23
Copyright
Copyright © European Psychiatric Association 2006

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Footnotes

Kontaxakis VP, Ferentinos PP, Havaki-Kontaxaki BJ, Roukas DK. Randomized controlled augmentation trials in clozapine-resistant schizophrenic patients: a critical review. Eur Psychiatry 2005;20:409-415.

References

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