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Variability in caregiver attention bias to threat: A Goldilocks effect in infant emotional development?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 August 2022

Kelley E. Gunther Open the ORCID record for Kelley E. Gunther [Opens in a new window] ,
Berenice Anaya ,
Sarah Myruski ,
Jessica L. Burris ,
Vanessa LoBue ,
Kristin A. Buss Open the ORCID record for Kristin A. Buss [Opens in a new window]  and
Koraly Pérez-Edgar Open the ORCID record for Koraly Pérez-Edgar [Opens in a new window]
Kelley E. Gunther*
Affiliation:
Pennsylvania State University Park, University Park, PA, USA
Berenice Anaya
Affiliation:
Pennsylvania State University Park, University Park, PA, USA
Sarah Myruski
Affiliation:
Pennsylvania State University Park, University Park, PA, USA
Jessica L. Burris
Affiliation:
Rutgers University Newark, Newark, NJ, USA
Vanessa LoBue
Affiliation:
Rutgers University Newark, Newark, NJ, USA
Kristin A. Buss
Affiliation:
Pennsylvania State University Park, University Park, PA, USA
Koraly Pérez-Edgar
Affiliation:
Pennsylvania State University Park, University Park, PA, USA
*
Corresponding Author: Kelley E. Gunther, email: kelleyegunther@gmail.com.
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Abstract

Attention biases to threat are considered part of the etiology of anxiety disorders. Attention bias variability (ABV) quantifies intraindividual fluctuations in attention biases and may better capture the relation between attention biases and psychopathology risk versus mean levels of attention bias. ABV to threat has been associated with attentional control and emotion regulation, which may impact how caregivers interact with their child. In a relatively diverse sample of infants (50% White, 50.7% female), we asked how caregiver ABV to threat related to trajectories of infant negative affect across the first 2 years of life. Families were part of a multi-site longitudinal study, and data were collected from 4 to 24 months of age. Multilevel modeling examined the effect of average caregiver attention biases on changes in negative affect. We found a significant interaction between infant age and caregiver ABV to threat. Probing this interaction revealed that infants of caregivers with high ABV showed decreases in negative affect over time, while infants of caregivers with low-to-average ABV showed potentiated increases in negative affect. We discuss how both high and extreme patterns of ABV may relate to deviations in developmental trajectories.

Keywords

attention bias to threatattention bias variabilitydot probeinfant developmentnegative affect
Type
Regular Article
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 35 , Issue 4 , October 2023 , pp. 2073 - 2085
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press

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