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Temperament and sex as moderating factors of the effects of exposure to maternal depression on telomere length in early childhood

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 March 2024

Michelle Bosquet Enlow Open the ORCID record for Michelle Bosquet Enlow [Opens in a new window] ,
Immaculata De Vivo ,
Carter R. Petty  and
Charles A. Nelson
Michelle Bosquet Enlow*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Immaculata De Vivo
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Department of Epidemiology, Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
Carter R. Petty
Affiliation:
Institutional Centers for Clinical and Translational Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
Charles A. Nelson
Affiliation:
Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Harvard Graduate School of Education, Boston, MA, USA
*
Corresponding author: Michelle Bosquet Enlow; Email: michelle.bosquet@childrens.harvard.edu
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Abstract

Individual differences in sensitivity to context are posited to emerge early in development and to influence the effects of environmental exposures on a range of developmental outcomes. The goal of the current study was to examine the hypothesis that temperament characteristics and biological sex confer differential vulnerability to the effects of exposure to maternal depression on telomere length in early childhood. Telomere length has emerged as a potentially important biomarker of current and future health, with possible mechanistic involvement in the onset of various disease states. Participants comprised a community sample of children followed from infancy to age 3 years. Relative telomere length was assessed from DNA in saliva samples collected at infancy, 2 years, and 3 years. Maternal depressive symptoms and the child temperament traits of negative affectivity, surgency/extraversion, and regulation/effortful control were assessed via maternal report at each timepoint. Analyses revealed a 3-way interaction among surgency/extraversion, sex, and maternal depressive symptoms, such that higher surgency/extraversion was associated with shorter telomere length specifically among males exposed to elevated maternal depressive symptoms. These findings suggest that temperament and sex influence children’s susceptibility to the effects of maternal depression on telomere dynamics in early life.

Keywords

Differential susceptibilitymaternal depressionsextelomeretemperament
Type
Regular Article
Information
Development and Psychopathology , First View , pp. 1 - 14
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© The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press

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