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DNA methylation profiles in adults born at extremely low birth weight

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 October 2020

Karen J. Mathewson Open the ORCID record for Karen J. Mathewson [Opens in a new window] ,
Patrick O. McGowan ,
Wilfred C. de Vega ,
Ryan J. Van Lieshout ,
Katherine M. Morrison ,
Saroj Saigal  and
Louis A. Schmidt
Karen J. Mathewson*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
Patrick O. McGowan
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, Cells and Systems Biology, Psychology and Physiology, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
Wilfred C. de Vega
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, Cells and Systems Biology, Psychology and Physiology, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
Ryan J. Van Lieshout
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
Katherine M. Morrison
Affiliation:
Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
Saroj Saigal
Affiliation:
Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
Louis A. Schmidt
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
*
Author for Correspondence: Karen J. Mathewson, McMaster University, Hamilton, ONL8S 4K1, Canada. Email: mathewkj@mcmaster.ca
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Abstract

Effects of stresses associated with extremely preterm birth may be biologically “recorded” in the genomes of individuals born preterm via changes in DNA methylation (DNAm) patterns. Genome-wide DNAm profiles were examined in buccal epithelial cells from 45 adults born at extremely low birth weight (ELBW; ≤1000 g) in the oldest known cohort of prospectively followed ELBW survivors (Mage = 32.35 years, 17 male), and 47 normal birth weight (NBW; ≥2500 g) control adults (Mage = 32.43 years, 20 male). Sex differences in DNAm profiles were found in both birth weight groups, but they were greatly enhanced in the ELBW group (77,895 loci) versus the NBW group (3,424 loci), suggesting synergistic effects of extreme prenatal adversity and sex on adult DNAm profiles. In men, DNAm profiles differed by birth weight group at 1,354 loci on 694 unique genes. Only two loci on two genes distinguished between ELBW and NBW women. Gene ontology (GO) and network analyses indicated that loci differentiating between ELBW and NBW men were abundant in genes within biological pathways related to neuronal development, synaptic transportation, metabolic regulation, and cellular regulation. Findings suggest increased sensitivity of males to long-term epigenetic effects of extremely preterm birth. Group differences are discussed in relation to particular gene functions.

Keywords

DNA methylation profilingepigenetic modificationextremely low birth weight (ELBW)sex differencesstress reactivity and vulnerability
Type
Regular Article
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 34 , Issue 1 , February 2022 , pp. 19 - 36
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

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