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Children's exposure to violent political conflict stimulates aggression at peers by increasing emotional distress, aggressive script rehearsal, and normative beliefs favoring aggression

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 November 2016

L. Rowell Huesmann ,
Eric F. Dubow ,
Paul Boxer ,
Simha F. Landau ,
Shira Dvir Gvirsman  and
Khalil Shikaki
L. Rowell Huesmann*
Affiliation:
University of Michigan
Eric F. Dubow
Affiliation:
University of Michigan Bowling Green State University
Paul Boxer
Affiliation:
University of Michigan Rutgers University
Simha F. Landau
Affiliation:
Academic College of Emek Yezreel Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Shira Dvir Gvirsman
Affiliation:
Tel Aviv University
Khalil Shikaki
Affiliation:
Palestinian Center for Policy and Survey Research
*
Address correspondence and reprint requests to: L. Rowell Huesmann, Research Center for Group Dynamics, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, 426 Thompson Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1248; E-mail: huesmann@umich.edu.
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Abstract

We examine the hypothesis that children's exposure to ethnic–political conflict and violence over the course of a year stimulates their increased aggression toward their own in-group peers in subsequent years. In addition, we examine what social cognitive and emotional processes mediate these effects and how these effects are moderated by gender, age, and ethnic group. To accomplish these aims, we collected three waves of data from 901 Israeli and 600 Palestinian youths (three age cohorts: 8, 11, and 14 years old) and their parents at 1-year intervals. Exposure to ethnic–political violence was correlated with aggression at in-group peers among all age cohorts. Using a cross-lagged structural equation model from Year 1 to Year 3, we found that the relation between exposure and aggression is more plausibly due to exposure to ethnic–political violence stimulating later aggression at peers than vice versa, and this effect was not moderated significantly by gender, age cohort, or ethnic group. Using three-wave structural equation models, we then showed that this effect was significantly mediated by changes in normative beliefs about aggression, aggressive script rehearsal, and emotional distress produced by the exposure. Again the best fitting model did not allow for moderation by gender, age cohort, or ethnic group. The findings are consistent with recent theorizing that exposure to violence leads to changes both in emotional processes promoting aggression and in the acquisition through observational learning of social cognitions promoting aggression.

Type
Special Section Articles
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 29 , Special Issue 1: Developmental and Social–Ecological Perspectives on Children, Political Violence, and Armed Conflict , February 2017 , pp. 39 - 50
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2016 

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