Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-swr86 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-16T09:55:56.509Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Physiologic Studies of Dysmetria in Patients with Cerebellar Deficits

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 September 2015

Hallet Mark  and
G. Massaquoi Steve
Hallet Mark*
Affiliation:
Human Motor Control Section, Medical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
G. Massaquoi Steve*
Affiliation:
Human Motor Control Section, Medical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
*
NINDS, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 5N226, Bethesda, Maryland, USA 20892
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract:

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

A feature of cerebellar ataxia is dysmetria, which is characterized by inaccurate movements. Studies of rapid movements at a single joint show prolonged acceleration phases and prolonged initial bursts of EMG activity in the agonist muscle. These two features correlate with each other, suggesting that the prolongation of the neural signal is responsible for the kinematic abnormality. This explains a tendency to hypermetria. Studies of multijoint movements show abnormalities in relative timing of the different joints. During locomotion, knee and ankle motions can be delayed differentially with respect to the gait cycle. Subjects attempting straight-line movements with the arm have systematic deviations that reflect incoordination of the shoulder and elbow with respect to each other. A possible explanation of dysmetria is a failure of sufficient force generation within the necessary time to accomplish a coordinated movement. Another possible explanation is that the cerebellum is responsible for timing of brain functions.

Type
Abstract
Information
Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences , Volume 20 , Issue S3 , May 1993 , pp. S83 - S92
Copyright
Copyright © Canadian Neurological Sciences Federation 1993

References

REFERENCES

1.Holmes, G.The cerebellum of man. Brain 1939; 62: 1–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2.Friedemann, HH, Noth, J, Diener, HC, et al.Long latency EMG responses in hand and leg muscles: cerebellar disorders. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1987; 50: 71–77.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
3.Hallett, M, Shahani, BT, Young, RR.EMG analysis of stereotyped voluntary movements in man. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1975; 38: 1154–1162.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
4.Freund, H-J, Büdigen, HJ.The relationship between speed and amplitude of the fastest voluntary contractions of human arm muscles. Exp Brain Res 1978; 1: 1–12.Google Scholar
5.Hallett, M, Marsden, CD.Ballistic flexion movements of the human thumb. J Physiol (Lond) 1979; 294: 33–50.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
6.Berardelli, A, Rothwell, JC, Day, BL, et al.Duration of the first ago nist EMG burst in ballistic arm movements. Brain Res 1984; 304: 183–187.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7.Brown, SH, Cooke, JD.Initial agonist burst duration depends on movement amplitude. Exp Brain Res 1984; 55: 523–527.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
8.Hallett, M, Shahani, BT, Young, RR.EMG analysis of patients with cerebellar deficits. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1975; 38: 1163–1169.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
9.Hallett, M, Berardelli, A, Matheson, J, et al.Physiological analysis of simple rapid movements in patients with cerebellar deficits. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1991; 53: 124–133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10.Hore, J, Wild, B, Diener, HC.Cerebellar dysmetria at the elbow, wrist and fingers. J Neurophysiol 1991; 65: 563–571.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
11.Brown, SH, Hefter, H, Mertens, M, et al.Disturbances in human arm movement trajectory due to mild cerebellar dysfunction. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1990; 53: 306–313.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
12.Meyer-Lohmann, J, Conrad, B, Matsunami, K, et al.Effects of den tate cooling on precentrai unit activity following torque pulse injections into elbow movements. Brain Res 1975; 94: 237–251.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13.Flament, D, Hore, J.Movement and electromyographic disorders associated with cerebellar dysmetria. J Neurophysiol 1986; 55: 1221–1233.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
14.Conrad, B, Brooks, VB.Effects of dentate cooling on rapid alternating arm movements. J Neurophysiol 1974; 37: 792–804.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
15.Meyer-Lohmann, J, Hore, J, Brooks, VB.Cerebellar participation in generation of prompt arm movements. J Neurophysiol 1977; 40: 1038–1050.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
16.Brooks, VB, Kozlovskaya, IB, Atkin, A, et al.Effects of cooling den tate nucleus on tracking-task performance in monkeys. J Neurophysiol 1973; 36: 974–995.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17.Robertson, LT, Grimm, RJ.Responses of primate dentate neurons to different trajectories of the limb. Exp Brain Res 1975; 23: 447–462.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
18.Thach, WT.Correlation of neural discharge with pattern and force of muscular activity, joint position, and direction of intended next movement in motor cortex and cerebellum. J Neurophysiol 1978; 41:654–676.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
19.Burton, JE, Onoda, N.Interpositus neuron discharge in relation to a voluntary movement. Brain Res 1977; 121: 167–172.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
20.Marsden, CD, Merton, PA, Morton, HB, et al.Disorders of movement in cerebellar disease in man. In: Rose, FC, ed. Physiological Aspects of Clinical Neurology. Oxford: Blackwell, 1977: 179–199.Google Scholar
21.Lamarre, Y, Jacks, B.Involvement of the cerebellum in the initiation of fast ballistic movement in the monkey. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1978; 34 (Suppl): 441–447.Google Scholar
22.Miller, AD, Brooks, VB.Parallel pathways for movement initiation in monkeys. Exp Brain Res 1982; 45: 328–332.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
23.Beppu, H, Suda, M, Tanaka, R.Analysis of cerebellar motor disor ders by visually guided elbow tracking movement. Brain 1984; 107: 787–809.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24.Beppu, H, Nagaoka, M, Tanaka, R.Analysis of cerebellar motor disorders by visually guided elbow tracking movement. 2. Contribution of the visual cues on slow ramp pursuit. Brain 1987; 110: 1–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
25.Diener, HC, Dichgans, J, Guschlbauer, B., et al.Associated postural adjustments with body movement in normal subjects and patients with parkinsonism and cerebellar disease. Rev Neurol (Paris) 1990; 146: 555–563.Google ScholarPubMed
26.Diener, HC, Dichgans, J, Guschlbauer, B, et al.Disturbances of motor preparation in basal ganglia and cerebellar disorders. Prog Brain Res 1989; 80: 481–488; discussion 479–480.Google ScholarPubMed
27.Becker, WJ, Kunesch, E, Freund, H-J.Coordination of a multijoint movement in normal humans and in patients with cerebellar dysfunction. Can J Neurol Sci 1990; 17: 264–274.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
28.Hallett, M, Stanhope, SJ, Thomas, SL, et al.Pathophysiology of posture and gait in cerebellar ataxia. In: Shimamura, M, Grillner, S, Edgerton, VR, eds. Neurobiological Basis of Human Locomotion. Tokyo: Japan Scientific Societies Press, 1991: 275–283.Google Scholar
29.Dalakas, MC.Chronic idiopathic ataxic neuropathy. Ann Neurol 1986; 19: 545–554.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
30.Taly, AB, Prasad, A, Vasanth, A, et al.Acute ataxic neuropathy: a clinical, electrophysiological and morphological study. Acta Neurol Scand 1991; 84: 398–402.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
31.Rothwell, JC, Traub, MM, Day, BL, et al.Manual motor perfor mance in a deafferented man. Brain 1982; 105:515–542.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
32.Sanes, JN, Mauritz, KH, Evarts, EV, et al.Motor deficits in patients with large-fiber sensory neuropathy. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1984; 81: 979–982.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
33.Sainburg, RL, Poizner, H, Ghez, C.Loss of proprioception produces deficits in interjoint coordination. Soc Neurosci Abstr 1991; 17(part 2): 1386.Google Scholar
34.Mai, N, Bolsinger, P, Avarello, M, et al.Control of isometric finger force in patients with cerebellar disease. Brain 1988; 111: 973–998.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
35.Uno, Y, Kawato, M, Suzuki, R.Formation and control of optimal trajectory in human multijoint arm movement. Minimum torque-change model. Biol Cybern 1989; 61: 89–101.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
36.Braitenberg, V.Is the cerebellar cortex a biological clock in the millisecond range? Prog Brain Res 1967; 25: 334–346.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
37.Kornhuber, HH.Motor functions of cerebellum and basal ganglia: the cerebello-cortical saccadic (ballistic) clock, the cerebellonuclear hold regulator, and the basal ganglia ramp (voluntary speed smooth movement) generator. Kybernetik 1971; 8: 157–162.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
38.Eccles, J.Cerebellar function in the control of movement. In: Rose, FC, ed. Physiological Aspects of Clinical Neurology. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific, 1977: 157–178.Google Scholar
39.Ivry, R, Keele, SW.Timing functions of the cerebellum. J Cogn Neurosci 1989; 1: 136–152.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
40.Wing, AM, Kristofferson, AB.Response delays and the timing of discrete motor responses. Perception Psychophysics 1973; 14: 512.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
41.Ivry, RB, Keele, SW, Diener, HC.Differential contributions of the lateral and medial cerebellum to timing and to movement execution. Exp Brain Res 1988; 73: 167–180.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
42.Keele, SW, Ivry, R.Does the cerebellum provide a common computation for diverse tasks? A timing hypothesis. Ann NY Acad Sci 1990; 608: 179–207; discussion 207–211.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed