Background: There is limited data regarding the development of persistent or recurrent symptoms, and the implications of revision posterior surgery in the setting of previous cervical arthroplasty (CA). The purpose of this study was to analyze segmental kinematics in human cadaveric specimens with and without CA, in the context of graded posterior resection. Methods: Fourteen human cadaveric cervical spines were divided into arthroplasty (ProDisc-C) and control (intact disc) groups. Both groups underwent sequential posterior element resections: unilateral foraminotomy, laminoplasty, and finally laminectomy. Specimens were studied sequentially in two different loading apparatuses during induction of flexion-extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation. Results: Range of motion (ROM) after CA was reduced relative to the control group during axial rotation and lateral bending, but was similar during flexion and extension. With sequential resections, ROM increased by a similar magnitude following foraminotomy and laminoplasty. Laminectomy had a much greater effect following CA compared to the control group, with the largest magnitude of increase in flexion and extension. Conclusions: Foraminotomy and laminoplasty do not seem to induce greater instability in the setting of CA, compared to controls. Laminectomy alone would not be recommended for use with arthroplasty due to the significant change in kinematics, especially in flexion and extension.