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P.050 Autoimmune encephalitis associated with GAD65 antibodies: brief review of the relevant literature

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 June 2016

M Gagnon
Affiliation:
(Quebec)
M Savard
Affiliation:
(Quebec)
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Abstract

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Background: Recently, many cases of autoimmune encephalitis with positive GAD65 (Glutamic acid decarboxylase) antibodies have been described in the literature. However, it remains an understudied topic. Methods: We conducted a search on reported cases of anti-GAD65 encephalitis. Specific variables were identified as general characteristics, clinical manifestations, MRI and EEG findings, concomitant systemic autoimmune disorders and cancer, and outcome and autoantibodies findings. Results: We identified a total of 58 cases, from one to 70 years old. It most frequently presented with seizures (97%) and memory impairment (59%). It commonly occurred in association with systemic autoimmune disease, particularly diabetes (28%). Brain MRI was usually abnormal (78%); involvement of temporal lobes was more frequent than multifocal abnormalities (59% vs 16%). GAD65 antibodies were reported positive in CSF and/or serum (31% in serum only). Other antibodies such as GABABR, GABAAR and VGKC were concurrently reported positive in some cases (19%). However, we found that the vast majority of cases were not tested for all those cell-surface antibodies. Overall, no distinctive pattern of clinical and paraclinical findings was found. Persistent impairments were common. Optimal treatment remained undefined. Conclusions: Prospective studies recruiting patients with autoimmune encephalitis are needed to better elucidate the contributions of GAD65 autoantibodies, and to evaluate treatment and outcomes in this population.

Type
Poster Presentations
Copyright
Copyright © The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences Inc. 2016