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Neurotransmitter and Receptor Deficits in Senile Dementia of the Alzheimer Type

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 September 2015

R. Quirion ,
J.C. Martel ,
Y. Robitaille ,
P. Etienne ,
P. Wood ,
N.P.V. Nair  and
S. Gauthier
R. Quirion*
Affiliation:
Douglas Hospital Research Centre and Dept. of Psychiatry, McGill University, Verdun, Québec
J.C. Martel
Affiliation:
Douglas Hospital Research Centre and Dept. of Psychiatry, McGill University, Verdun, Québec
Y. Robitaille
Affiliation:
Douglas Hospital Research Centre and Dept. of Psychiatry, McGill University, Verdun, Québec Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Québec
P. Etienne
Affiliation:
Ciba-Geigy Corporation, Summit, New Jersey
P. Wood
Affiliation:
Ciba-Geigy Corporation, Summit, New Jersey
N.P.V. Nair
Affiliation:
Douglas Hospital Research Centre and Dept. of Psychiatry, McGill University, Verdun, Québec
S. Gauthier
Affiliation:
Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Québec
*
Douglas Hospital Research Centre, 6875 Blvd. LaSalle, Verdun, Québec, Canada H4H 1R3
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Abstract:

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Multiple neurotransmitter systems are affected in senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type (SDAT). Among them, acetylcholine has been most studied. It is now well accepted that the activity of the enzyme, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) is much decreased in various brain regions including the frontal and temporal cortices, hippocampus and nucleus basalis of Meynert (nbm) in SDAT. Cortical M2-muscarinic and nicotinic cholinergic receptors are also decreased but only in a certain proportion (30-40%) of SDAT patients. For other systems, it appears that cortical serotonin (5-HT)-type 2 receptor binding sites are decreased in SDAT. This diminution in 5-HT2 receptors correlates well with the decreased levels of somatostatin-like immunoreactive materials found in the cortex of SDAT patients. Cortical somatostatin receptor binding sites are decreased in about one third of SDAT patients. Finally, neuropeptide Y and neuropeptide Y receptor binding sites are distributed in areas enriched in cholinergic cell bodies and nerve fiber terminals and it would be of interest to determine possible involvement of this peptide in SDAT. Thus, it appears that multi-drug clinical trials should be considered for the treatment of SDAT.

Type
Biochemical Studies
Information
Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences , Volume 13 , Issue S4 , November 1986 , pp. 503 - 510
Copyright
Copyright © Canadian Neurological Sciences Federation 1986

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