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Gilles de la Tourette's Syndrome

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 December 2014

Kia Faridi  and
Oksana Suchowersky
Kia Faridi
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
Oksana Suchowersky
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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Abstract

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Tourette's syndrome (TS) is a childhood onset neurological disorder characterized by motor and vocal tics. It may be associated with a number of co-morbidities including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, obsessive compulsive symptomatology, and behaviour disorders. Prevalence of TS is higher than previously thought, and may be present in up to 2% of the population. Tourette's syndrome has a significant genetic component. Inheritance may involve several mechanisms including autosomal dominant, bilinear, or polygenic mechanisms. Pathophysiology is still unknown, although is thought to involve striatocortical circuits. Treatment begins with modification of the work and home environment. For more severe cases, medications such as tetrabenazine and neuroleptics may be helpful. Treatment of co-morbidities needs to be considered, as these may result in more disability than the tics themselves.

Résumé

RÉSUMÉ

Le syndrome de Gilles de la Tourette (SGT) est un dérdre neurologique commençt dans l’enfance, caractéséar des tics moteurs et vocaux. Il peut êe associé certaines comorbiditédont le trouble de décit de l’attention/hyperactivitéune symptomatologie obsessive-compulsive et des troubles du comportement. La prélence du SGTest plus évéqu’on ne le pensait et pourrait atteindre 2% de la population. Il existe une composante gétique importante dans le SGT. Le mode d’héditéeut comporter plusieurs ménismes, dont des ménismes autosomiques dominants, biparentaux ou polygéques. Sa physiopathologie est encore inconnue, mais on pense qu’elle implique les circuits striato-corticaux. Le traitement commence par des modifications de l’environnement au travail et àa maison. Dans les cas plus séres, des mécaments tels la téabézine et les neuroleptiques peuvent êe utiles. Le traitement des comorbiditédoit êe envisagéarce qu’elles peuvent êe plus invalidantes que les tics eux-mês.

Type
Research Article
Information
Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences , Volume 30 , supplement S1: A Peer-Reviewed Supplement to the Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences , February 2003 , pp. S64 - S71
Copyright
Copyright © The Canadian Journal of Neurological 2003

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