The susceptibility of female spruce budworm moths to ULV aerial sprays of aminocarb and phosphamidon was dependent on the proportion of the total complement of eggs a female had laid. Females which laid few eggs were not killed by the insecticides whereas spent and almost-spent females were killed. Methods are described for determining the number of eggs a female has laid, the number of eggs she has to lay, and her total fecundity. These methods are used to evaluate the efficacy of ULV aerial sprays against budworm moths.

Oviposition by Trichogramma californicum Nagaraja and Nagarkatti into physiological saline encapsulated in paraffin droplets is influenced by the concentration of the liquid, population density of the parasite, and the addition of sugars, vitamins, and amino acids. Oviposition occurred within a concentration range of 0.43–1.28% NaCl, but there was no significant difference in the number of eggs deposited. Chances of oviposition generally increased with the increase of population density of the parasite and a minimum density of T. californicum females was required for oviposition. A phenomenon of enhancement, such that oviposition in any one vial is confined to one of the three droplets exposed, is recorded for certain media. However, this phenomenon was removed by addition of RNA, casein hydrolysate, or by use of Grace’s tissue culture medium without insect plasma and Grace’s modified medium with bovine and egg derivatives. Eggs deposited into 2 paraffin droplets containing modified Grace’s medium developed to the second instar larval stage.

The genus Leptoteleia of the New World is revised. Twenty-five species are recognized, of which 23 are new to science: L. alexandrae ♀ (Brazil), L. americana ♀ ♂ (USA), L. andreai ♀ (Cuba), L. annarum ♀ (Brazil), L. ferdinandi ♀ (Dominican Republic), L. jarmilae ♀ (Ecuador), L. josephi ♀ (Dominican Republic), L. kareli ♂ (Jamaica), L. lubomiri ♀ ♂ (Dominican Republic), L. majkae ♀ (Panama), L. marcelae ♀ ♂ (Brazil, Paraguay), L. mariae♀ ♂ (Argentina), L. marketae ♀ (Brazil), L. martae ♀ (USA), L. miladae ♀ ♂ (Brazil), L. monicae ♀ (Dominican Republic), L. normani ♀ ♂ (USA), L. petrum ♀ (Bélize), L. radeki ♀ (Dominican Republic), L. stani ♀ ♂ (Dominican Republic), L. vaclavi ♀ (USA), L. verae ♀ (Brazil), and L. zdenae ♀ ♂ (Peru). The two previously described species, L. oecanthi (Riley) ♀ ♂ and L. arndti Dozier ♀, are redescribed. Generic diagnosis of Leptoteleia and the key to New World species are given. The higher classification, interrelationships, and distribution of Leptoteleia species are discussed.

Pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), contained about 21% dry matter, of which 11% was fat, 7% sugar, and 56% protein. Broad bean foliage contained half the amount of dry matter, one-third as much fat, about the same amount of sugar, and four-fifths the amount of protein as the aphids. Alfalfa at prebloom and 10% bloom contained the same amount of dry matter and about half as much fat and protein as the aphids; sugar was about one-fifth at prebloom and half at 10% bloom as the aphids. Pea aphids are of considerable nutritive value. FAO protein scores, which estimate protein quality, were similar for aphids and alfalfa and slightly lower for broad bean foliage.

A total of 34 species of female tabanids were collected with CO2-traps from four different habitats near Guelph, Ont., during the 1971, 1972, and 1973 fly seasons. Nearly equal numbers of species were trapped at the Ontario Reformatory, Preston, Kortright, and the Hanlon Creek watershed, comprising a total of 15 Chrysops spp., 12 Hybomitra spp., 6 Tabanus spp., and 1 Atylotus sp. Relative abundance and flight periods are reported for each species. Chrysops frigidus O. S. and Hybomitra lasiophthalma (Macq.) were the most abundant species among their respective tribes; their abundance was related directly to degree of soil wetness, differing from that of Tabanus similis Macq. and T. quinquevittatus Wd. which was related inversely to these habitat types. The flight period of nearly 85% of the sampled population, consisting mainly of C. frigidus, H. lasiophthalma, and H. epistates (O.S.), spanned from the end of May till mid-July. T. quinquevittatus, T. lineola Fab., and H. epistates occurred till mid-September.

Selected carbamate, chlorinated hydrocarbon, organophosphorous, and pyrethroid insecticides were tested on six Choristoneura species: conflictana (Walker), fumiferana (Clemens), lambertiana ponderosana Obraztsov, occidentalis Freeman, pinus Freeman, and viridis Freeman. When probit regression lines were compared by likelihood ratio tests, the hypothesis of equality was uniformly rejected. The hypothesis of parallelism was accepted for some chemicals within each insecticide class except the chlorinated hydrocarbon. These results suggest that extrapolating the response of one species to another species should be avoided.

The optimum temperature range for development and survival of the predacious coccinellid Coleomegilla maculata and its parasite Perilitus coccinellae is 24° to 26.7°C. Theoretical thresholds for development (t) of the pre-imaginal stages of C. maculata range from 9° to 13°C. Total development (from oviposition to adult emergence) of the beetle requires an accumulation of 236 heat degree days (K) above 11.3°C (t), whereas the development of P. coccinellae requires 395 heat degree days (K) above 9.8°C (t). To predict the seasonal interaction between C. maculata and P. coccinellae, and to manage C. maculata efficiently as a biological control agent, it is vital to know the thermal and dietary requirements of the two species.

The 26 North and Central American species of Thraulodes are discussed, and synonymies and other pertinent data are presented for all species. On the basis of nymphal gill characters two groups of related species are recognized. Thraulodes brunneus, T. speciosus, T. sp. A, T. sp. B, and T. sp. G are included in the brunneus-group, and T. gonzalesi, T. lunatus, T. packeri, T. salinus. T. zonalis, T. sp. C, T. sp. D. T. sp. E, and T. sp. F form the gonzalesi-group, The 14 species of nymphs are included in an illustrated key and on distribution maps, and the account of each includes complete synonymy, nymphal description, and collection records. Nymphs designated as Thraulodes spp. A, B, C, D, E, F, and G are described, and new descriptions are presented for nymphs of T. packeri and T. zonalis.

Hymenochara, a new genus of Alleculidae, is described based on Mycetochara rufipes (J. E. LeConte) from eastern North America and Hymenochara arizonensis new species, from Arizona.

The efficacy of mixtures of chlordimeform with Bacillus thuringiensis and(or) Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus and Pieris rapae granulosis virus against Trichoplusia ni and Pieris rapae on the late cabbage was assessed in field plots over four growing seasons. Mixtures of 0.07 kg of chlordimeform/ha (1/8 of the recommended dosage) with low concentrations of the microbial insecticides were as effective or more effective than the materials used alone at full rates. The advantages of such mixtures in pest management are discussed.