“… desde tempo remoto passa por verdade demonstrada ogrande absurdo de que a lingua desta terra (Goa), a lingua de meio milhão de homens, nem tem gramática nem é susceptível de ser escrita; julgamos que ao menos faremos algum serviço se dissiparmos tão perniciosa ilusão, mostrando que a lingua concani não só tem a sua gramática, como qualquer outra, mas que a mesma gramatica foiem tempo formulada em regras e até impressa.” J. H. da Cunha Rivara, Ensaio Histórico da Lingua Concani, 1857, pg. 1.

In der sogdischen Version des Vessantarajātaka (VJ) erscheint vor dem Namen des Helden, des Königsohns oder an seiner Stelle das Wort (einige Male , 196, 222, 232, 349, 364; Vokativ 52e, 1198). Gauthiot sah darin einen zweiten Namen des Helden, , den er als sogdische Umbildung von skr. Viśvantara (pali Vessantara) ansprach. Erst Benveniste hat festgestellt, dass es kein Name, sondern ein Titel ist, dessen Sinn sich unzweideutig aus Z.

It will be remembered that sixty years ago Bishop Caldwell expressed the opinion “that the Dravidian languages occupy a position of their own between the languages of the Indo-European family and those of the Turanian or Scythian group”, and that, whereas the particulars of agreement with the Indo-European family pointed only to a “very indefinite as well as very remote”, if at all any “real relationship”, those with the “Scythian” family, and especially the Finnish-Ugrian languages, were so close and so numerous that they naturally suggested “the idea of a common descent”.

1. For “ one ” the NI use eka (106 Uo 7. 159 r 2. 187 o 8. 211 r 5. 231 r 2. 248 o 8. 253 r 1. 348 Uo 4. 425 Uo 5. Cr 6. 437 Cr 1. 577 Uo 6.630 o 4. 638 o 2, 3. 676 Uo 5. 688 oA 3).1 In the form eǵa it appears 709 Cr 4. It is used in the uninflected form, irrespective of gender;the genit. sing, ekisya “ single ”, is found 272 o 10. 514 o 1; a plural eke occurs 468 Cr 2. egaǵa in 417 o 2, as nomin. masc. egaǵo in 296 Uo 3, corresponds to Skt. ekaika-, Pāli ekaka- “single”, in accordance with the phonetic value of -ǵa.2 eka- is found in compounds with numerals(see 11), nouns (ekadeśammi 272 o 6), 3 adjectives (ekavarsaǵa ═ekavarṣika- 589 Uo 3).

The term tathāgata has been the subject of much discussion, butthe latest treatment leaves even the etymology undecided. The conclusion reached by the Pali Text Society's Pali-English Dictionaryis “ derivation uncertain ”. The question of the meaning is also left almost as vague, for what is there said is that Mrs. Rhys Davids, quoting Lord Chalmers, suggests “ he who has won through to the truth ”.

Mr. Burrow's interpretation (supra, Bulletin, p. 514) of the word hinajhasya in No. 661 of Kharoṣṭhī Inscriptions … transcribed and edited by A. M. Boyer, E. J. Rapson and É. Senart involves a number of conjectural or improbable elements.

In a notice of an article full of new facts and invaluable suggestion like all those of the great scholar, to honour whom this volume is designed, I ventured to suggest that the origin of Pali acchati was tobe looked for in Skt. ā-kṣeti. The assumption of an Old Indo-Aryanform with kṣ was necessitated by the Kashmiri chuh [ he is ]: for Ksh. ch corresponds (except in loanwords) to Skt. kṣ; Skt. (c)ch > Ksh. dental affricate ċh (tsh).