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Validation of a pre-coded food diary with energy expenditure, comparison of under-reporters v. acceptable reporters

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 March 2007

I. T. L. Lillegaard  and
L. F. Andersen
I. T. L. Lillegaard*
Affiliation:
Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Box 1046 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
L. F. Andersen
Affiliation:
Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Box 1046 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
*
*Corresponding author: I. T. L. Lillegaard, fax +47 22 851531, email i.t.lillegaard@medisin.uio.no
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Abstract

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The objective of the present study was to compare energy intake (EI) assessed from a pre-coded food diary (PFD) with energy expenditure (EE) measured by a validated position-and-movement monitor (ActiReg®; PreMed AS, Oslo, Norway) in a group of Norwegian 9-year-olds. Moreover, we examined whether and how under-reporters (UR), identified with ActiReg®, differed from acceptable reporters (AR) according to food intake and BMI. A total of fifty-one 9-year-olds completed PFD and ActiReg®. The present study showed that on average EI was underestimated by 18 % compared with EE measured by ActiReg®. The 95 % confidence limits of agreement in a Bland–Altman plot for EI and EE varied from 1·97 MJ to −4·23 MJ (sd 2) among the girls and from 0·74 MJ to −5·26 MJ (sd 2) among the boys. The Pearson correlation coefficient between EI and EE was 0·28 (P=0·05) for males and females combined. Fifty-seven per cent of the participants were classified as AR, 39 % as UR and 4 % as over-reporters with the PFD. Under-reporting of energy remains a problem with the PFD method used in a group of 9-year-olds, especially among boys. However, UR and AR did not show a systematic misreporting related to macronutrients, unhealthy foods or BMI.

Keywords

ChildrenEnergy intakeEnergy expenditureDietary surveyUnder-reporting
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 94 , Issue 6 , December 2005 , pp. 998 - 1003
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2005

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