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Total body phylloquinone and its turnover in human subjects at two levels of vitamin K intake

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Robert E. Olson ,
Jean Chao ,
Donna Graham ,
Margaret W. Bates  and
Jessica H. Lewis
Robert E. Olson*
Affiliation:
Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, St Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
Jean Chao
Affiliation:
Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Donna Graham
Affiliation:
Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Margaret W. Bates
Affiliation:
Department of Epidemiology Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Jessica H. Lewis
Affiliation:
Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
*
*Corresponding author: Dr Robert E. Olson, fax +1 813 974 2293, email rolson@hsc.usf.edu
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Abstract

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The aims of this study were to determine the total body phylloquinone and its metabolic turnover in human subjects using a tracer dose of [5-H3]phylloquinone containing 55·5×104 MBq/mmol. Seven subjects aged 22 to 49 years were given 0·3 μg isotopic phylloquinone intravenously on a control diet (75 μg phylloquinone/d) and blood, urine and faeces were sampled periodically for 6 d. Five of these subjects were studied a second time after 3–8 weeks on a low-vitamin K diet (8 μg/d). The changes in the radioactivity of plasma phylloquinone with time were analysed by the method of residuals and fitted to a curve composed of two exponential components. The size of the exchangeable body pool was calculated by isotope dilution. Plasma phylloquinone levels fell during vitamin K restriction but the vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors did not change. After injection the first exponential decay curve t1/2 was 1·0 (SD 0·47) H IN THE SUBJECTS ON THE CONTROL DIET AND 0·49 (sd 0·27) h after vitamin K restriction. On the control diet, the second exponential t1/2 was 27·6 (sd 124) h that did not change on the low-vitamin K diet (t1/2=25·1 (sd 13·5) h). These results indicate that the turnover time for phylloquinone in human subjects is about 1·5 d. Urinary excretion of 3H-metabolites ranged from 30 % of the administered dose on the control diet to 38 % on the restricted diet and had the same turnover rate as the second component of the plasma decay curves. The exchangeable body pool of phylloquinone declined from about 1·0 μg/kg before restriction to lower values after vitamin K restriction. The faecal excretion of phylloquinone and its metabolites fell from 32 % of the administered dose on the control diet to 13 % on the restricted diet.

Keywords

Vitamin KRadioactive phylloquinoneExchangeable body poolMetabolic turnover
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 87 , Issue 6 , June 2002 , pp. 543 - 553
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2002

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