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Metabolism of the soyabean isoflavone glycoside genistin in vitro by human gut bacteria and the effect of prebiotics

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Toni E. Steer ,
Ian T. Johnson ,
Jennifer M. Gee  and
Glenn R. Gibson
Toni E. Steer
Affiliation:
Food Microbial Sciences Unit, School of Food Biosciences, The University of Reading, Reading, Berks, UK
Ian T. Johnson
Affiliation:
Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
Jennifer M. Gee
Affiliation:
Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
Glenn R. Gibson*
Affiliation:
Food Microbial Sciences Unit, School of Food Biosciences, The University of Reading, Reading, Berks, UK
*
*Corresponding author: Dr Glenn R. Gibson, fax +44 118 935 7222, email g.r.gibson@reading.ac.uk
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Abstract

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The isoflavone genistein is found predominantly in soyabeans and is thought to possess various potent biological properties, including anti-carcinogenic effects. Studies have shown that genistein is extensively degraded by the human gut microflora, presumably with a loss of its anti-carcinogenic action. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential of a prebiotic to divert bacterial metabolism away from genistein breakdown: this may be of benefit to the host. Faecal samples were obtained from healthy volunteers and fermented in the presence of a source of soyabean isoflavones (Novasoy™ (10g/l); ADM Neutraceuticals, Erith, Kent, UK). Bacterial genera of the human gut were enumerated using selective agars and genistein was quantified by HPLC. The experiment was repeated with the addition of glucose (10g/l) or fructo-oligosaccharide (10g/l; FOS) to the fermentation medium. The results showed most notably that counts of Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. were significantly increased (P<0·05 and P<0·01 respectively) under steady-state conditions in the presence of FOS. Counts of Bacteroides spp. and Clostridium spp. were, however, both significantly reduced (P<0·05) during the fermentation. A decline in genistein concentration by about 52 and 56% over the 120h culture period was observed with the addition of glucose or FOS to the basal medium (P<0·01), compared with about 91% loss of genistein in the vessels containing Novasoy™ (ADM Neutraceuticals) only. Similar trends were obtained using a three-stage chemostat (gut model), in which once again the degradation of genistein was about 22% in vessel one, about 24% in vessel two and about 26% in vessel three in the presence of FOS, compared with a degradation of genistein of about 67% in vessel one, about 95% in vessel two and about 93% in vessel three in the gut model containing Novasoy™ (ADM Neutraceuticals) only. The present study has shown that the addition of excess substrate appeared to preserve genistein in vitro. In particular, the use of FOS not only augmented this effect, but also conferred an additional benefit in selectively increasing numbers of purportedly beneficial bacteria such as bifidobacteria and lactobacilli.

Keywords

GenisteinHuman gut microfloraMetabolismFructo-oligosaccharide
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 90 , Issue 3 , September 2003 , pp. 635 - 642
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2003

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