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Metabolic and cardiovascular responses to liquid and solid test meals

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

M. Elmukhtar Habas  and
I. A. Macdonald
M. Elmukhtar Habas
Affiliation:
School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Clifton Boulevard, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
I. A. Macdonald*
Affiliation:
School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Clifton Boulevard, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
*
*Corresponding author:Professor I. A. Macdonald, fax +44 (0) 115 970 9259, email Ian.Macdonald@Nottingham.ac.uk
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Abstract

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There is indirect evidence from previous studies that the physiological responses to a liquid test meal may differ from those seen after consumption of a solid meal. The aim of the present study was to determine the metabolic and cardiovascular responses to isoenergetic high-carbohydrate mixed nutrient liquid or solid test meals, providing 2.1 MJ (approximately 70% of which was from carbohydrate), in eight healthy men following an overnight fast. Metabolic rate increased significantly after both meals (P < 0.0001, time effect), but the increase was significantly greater after the solid than after the liquid test meal (0.40 (SE 0.14), 0.26 (SE 0.10) kJ/min respectively, P = 0.001). The respiratory exchange ratio increased significantly after both the liquid and solid test meals, with no significant differences between them. Forearm blood flow increased significantly after the liquid test meal (0.70 (SE 0.33) ml/100 ml per min, P < 0.0001), whilst it decreased after the solid meal (−0.28 (SE 0.16)ml/100ml per min, P< 0.0001). Heart rate increased on both occasions, but the response was significantly greater after the solid meal (P=0.02). There were no significant plasma noradrenaline responses, but there were significantly higher increases in serum insulin and blood glucose following the solid meal. Thus, the physical form of a test meal affects the physiological responses to nutrient ingestion.

Keywords

Metabolic responsesCardiovascular responsesLiquid/solid test meal
Type
Human and Clinical Nutrition
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 79 , Issue 3 , March 1998 , pp. 241 - 247
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1998

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