Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-vvkck Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T03:52:27.364Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effects of acute and chronic level of protein supply on metabolic leucine utilization in growing and mature rats

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

P. J. M. Weijs ,
V. V. A. M. Schreurs ,
R. E. Koopmanschap ,
H. N. A. Grooten ,
A. T. Schoonman  and
H. A. Boekholt
P. J. M. Weijs
Affiliation:
Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen Agricultural University, Haarweg 10, 6709 PJ Wageningen, The Netherlands
V. V. A. M. Schreurs
Affiliation:
Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen Agricultural University, Haarweg 10, 6709 PJ Wageningen, The Netherlands
R. E. Koopmanschap
Affiliation:
Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen Agricultural University, Haarweg 10, 6709 PJ Wageningen, The Netherlands
H. N. A. Grooten
Affiliation:
Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen Agricultural University, Haarweg 10, 6709 PJ Wageningen, The Netherlands
A. T. Schoonman
Affiliation:
Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen Agricultural University, Haarweg 10, 6709 PJ Wageningen, The Netherlands
H. A. Boekholt
Affiliation:
Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen Agricultural University, Haarweg 10, 6709 PJ Wageningen, The Netherlands
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Effects of acute (meal) and chronic (diet) level of protein supply on metabolic leucine utilization were investigated in growing (10 weeks) and mature (> 1 year) rats. Rats were conditioned on a high-protein (HP) diet (210 g casein/kg feed) or a low-protein(LP) diet (75 g casein/kg feed) from 7 weeks of age. Overnight-fasted rats were offered a HP or LP meal during a 8 h 14CO2 breath test with a constant infusion of either L-[l-14C]leucine (carboxyl, CL) or L-[U-14C]leucine (universal, UL). Before the meal 14CO2 output was lower for overnight-fasted rats fed on LP than on HP (P < 0·001), and also lower for growing than for mature rats (P < 0·001). Meal ingestion resulted in a rapid increase in 14CO2 output. From 2 h after the start of the meal the effect of acute protein supply on 14CO2 output was significant (P < 0·001), while the effect of chronic protein supply disappeared for CL. After the meal 14CO2 output was transiently lower for growing than for mature rats (P < 0·05), especially after the LP meal. The difference in 14CO 2 output between CL and UL increased transiently after the meal, indicating an increase in decarboxylation relative to total oxidation of leucine. In conclusion: (1) metabolic leucine utilization after overnight fasting depends on the level of chronic protein supply and stage of development of the animal, (2) metabolic leucine utilization after feeding depends primarily on the level of acute protein supply, (3) the transient increase in non-protein label retention suggests a temporal oversupply ofleucine relative to the actual metabolic state.

Keywords

Leucine metabolismMetabolic utilizationProtein intakeMealRat
Type
Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 70 , Issue 1 , July 1993 , pp. 117 - 125
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1993

References

REFERENCES

Clugston, G. A. & Garlick, P. J. (1982). The response of protein and energy metabolism to food intake in lean and obese man. Human Nutrition Clinical Nutrition 36C, 57–70.Google Scholar
Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization/United Nations University (1985). Energy and Protein Requirements. Report of a joint expert consultation. WHO Technical Report Series no. 724. Geneva: WHO.Google Scholar
Garlick, P. J., Wernerman, J., McNurlan, M. A. & Essen, P. (1990). What is the normal response of protein turnover to nutrient supply? Clinical Nutrition 9, 294–296.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harper, A. E. (1986). Enzymatic basis for adaptive changes in amino acid metabolism. In Proceedings of the XIII International Congress of Nutrition, pp. 409–414 [ Taylor, T. G. and Jenkins, N. K., editors]. London & Paris: John Libbey.Google Scholar
Hegsted, D. M. (1976). Balance studies. Journal of Nutrition 106, 307–311.Google Scholar
Hoffer, L. J.. Yang, R. D., Matthews, D. E., Bistrian, B. R., Bier, D. M. & Young, V. R. (1985). Effects of meal consumption on whole body leucine and alanine kinetics in young adult men. British Journal of Nutrition 53,31–38,CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Melville, S., McNurlan, M. A., McHardy, K. C., Broom, J., Milne, E., Calder, A. G. & Garlick, P. J. (1989). The role of degradation in the acute control of protein balance in adult man: failure of feeding to stimulate protein synthesis as assessed by L-[1-13C]Leucine infusion. Metabolism 38, 248–255.Google Scholar
Millward, D. J., Price, G. M., Pacy, P. J. H. & Halliday, D. (1990). Maintenance protein requirements: the need for conceptual re-evaluation. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 49, 473–487.Google Scholar
Millward, D. J., Price, G. M., Pacy, P. J. H. & Halliday, D. (1991). Whole-body protein and amino acid turnover in man: what can we measure with confidence? Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 50, 197–216.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Millward, D. J. & Rivers, J. (1988). The nutritional role of indispensable amino acids and the metabolic basis for their requirements. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 42, 367–393.Google Scholar
Motil, K. J., Matthews, D. E., Bier, D. M., Burke, J. F., Munro, H. N. & Young, V. R. (1981). Whole-body leucine and lysine metabolism: response to dietary protein intake in young men. American Journal of Physiology 240, E712–E721.Google Scholar
Munro, H. N. (1964). General aspects of the regulation of protein metabolism by diet and hormones. In Mammalian Protein Metabolism, vol. I, pp. 382–481 [ Munro, H. N. and Allison, J. B., editors]. New York and London: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Munro, H. N. (1985). Historical perspective on protein requirements: objectives for the future. In Nutritional Adaptation in Man, pp. 155–168 [ Blaxter, K. and Waterlow, J. C., editors]. London and Paris: John Libbey.Google Scholar
Nair, K. S., Halliday, D., Ford, G. C., Heels, S. & Garrow, J. S. (1987). Failure of carbohydrate to spare leucine oxidation in obese subjects. International Journal of Obesity 11, 537–544.Google Scholar
Nissen, S. & Haymond, M. W. (1986). Changes in leucine kinetics during meal absorption: effects of dietary leucine availability. American Journal of Physiology 250, E695–E701.Google Scholar
Pacy, P. J., Thompson, G. N. & Halliday, D. (1991). Measurement of whole-body protein turnover in insulindependent (type I) diabetic patients during insulin withdrawal and infusion: comparison of [13C]leucine and [2H5]phenylalanine methodologies. Clinical Science 80, 345–352.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rennie, M. J., Edwards, R. H. T., Halliday, D., Matthews, D. E., Wolman, S. L. & Millward, D. J. (1982). Muscle protein synthesis measured by stable isotope techniques in man: the effects of feeding and fasting. Clinical Science 63, 519–523.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schreurs, V. V. A. M., Boekholt, H. A., Koopmanschap, R. E. & Weijs, P. J. M. (1992). The metabolic utilization of amino acids. Potentials of 14CO2 breath test measurements. British Journal of Nutrition 67, 207–214.Google Scholar
SPSS Inc. (1988). SPSS/PC+ Base Manual. Chicago, Illinois: SPSS Inc.Google Scholar
Steffens, A. B. (1969). A method for frequent sampling of blood and continuous infusion of fluids in the rat without disturbing the animal. Physiology and Behavior 4, 833–836.Google Scholar
Waterlow, J. C., Garlick, P. J. & Millward, D. J. (1978). Protein turnover and growth. In Protein Turnover in Mammalian Tissues and in the Whole Body, pp. 529–594. Amsterdam, New York & Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company.Google Scholar
Young, V. R. (1986). Nutritional balance studies: indicators of human requirements or of adaptive mechanisms? Journal of Nutrition 116, 700–703.Google Scholar
Young, V. R. (1991). Nutrient interactions with reference to amino acid and protein metabolism in nonruminants; particular emphasis on protein-energy relations in man. Zeitschrift fur Ernahrungswissenschaft, 30, 239–267.Google Scholar
Young, V. R., Bier, D. M. & Pellett, P. L. (1989). A theoretical basis for increasing current estimates of the amino acid requirements in adult man, with experimental support. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 50, 80–92.Google Scholar
Young, V. R. & Marchini, J. S. (1990). Mechanisms and nutritional significance of metabolic responses to altered intakes of protein and amino acids, with reference to nutritional adaptation in humans. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 51, 270–289.Google Scholar