Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-gvh9x Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-17T12:56:27.608Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Effect of glucose supply on fasting nitrogen excretion and effect of level and type of volatile fatty acid infusion on response to protein infusion in cattle

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

E. R. Ørskov*
Affiliation:
Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, UK
D. E. Meehan
Affiliation:
Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, UK
N. A. MacLeod
Affiliation:
Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, UK
D. J. Kyle
Affiliation:
Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, UK
*
*Corresponding author: Professor E. R. Ørskov, fax +44 (0)1224 716687, email ero@rri.sari.ac.uk
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Two experiments were carried out on cattle nourished entirely by intragastric infusion, to determine the extent to which glucose or a glucose precursor determines the response to protein infusion in energy-undernourished animals. In order to determine the requirement for glucose in 1-year-old fasting cattle, glucose was infused at increments to supply 0, 1·5, 2·5, 3·5, 4·5, 5·5 and 6·5 g/kg metabolic body weight (W0·75) and the effects on plasma β-hydroxybutyrate and N excretion were measured. At 5·5 g glucose/kg W0·75 plasma β-hydroxybutyrate was reduced to a basal level of 1·65 mmol/l and fasting N excretion reduced from 529 to 280 mg N/kg W0·75. No further reduction was observed with the higher level of 6·5 g glucose/kg W0·75. In the second trial, three steers were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square design and infused with a volatile fatty acid mixture of 65, 27 and 8 mol acetic, propionic and butyric acids respectively/100 mol, either at an estimated maintenance energy level of 450 kJ/kg W0·75 and supplying a calculated glucose equivalent level of 13·0 g/kg W0·75 (M1A), or at 1·5 × maintenance supplying a glucose equivalent of 20 g/kg W0·75 (M1·5A). Another mixture infused at the maintenance energy level contained 49, 43 and 8 mol acetic, propionic and butyric acids respectively/100 mol but with a glucose equivalent of 20 g/kg W0·75 (M1P). Casein was infused at each of these energy treatments to supply 0, 200, 400, 800, 1600 and 2500 mg N/kg W0·75 daily, and N balance and blood metabolites were measured. N retention increased linearly (r 0·98) with casein infusion. The coefficients for N retention were 0·55, 0·57 and 0·64 for M1A, M1·5A and M1P respectively. The mean efficiency of N utilization was 0·58. The results suggest that provided the glucose need is met there is no relationship between energy supply and efficiency and level of protein retention. However, the results also indicate that glucose requirement in cattle may be higher than that previously observed in sheep.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1999

References

Balch, CC (1967) Problems in predicting the role of non-protein nitrogen as a substitute for protein in rations for farm ruminants. World Review of Animal Production 3, 8491.Google Scholar
Chowdhury, SA & Ørskov ER (1994) Implications of fasting on the energy metabolism and feed evaluation in ruminants. Journal of Animal and Feed Science 3, 161169.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chowdhury, SA, Ørskov, ER, Hovell, FDDeB, Scaife, JR & Mollison, G (1997 a) Protein utilization during energy undernutrition in sheep sustained by intragastric infusion: effects of protein infusion level, with or without sub-maintenance amounts of energy from volatile fatty acids, on energy and protein metabolism. British Journal of Nutrition 77, 565576.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chowdhury, SA, Ørskov, ER, Hovell, FDDeB, Scaife, JR & Mollison, G (1997 b) Protein utilization during energy undernutrition in sheep sustained by intragastric infusion. Effect of body fatness on the protein metabolism of energy-restricted sheep. British Journal of Nutrition 78, 273282.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davidson, J, Mathieson, J & Boyne, A (1970) The use of automation in determining nitrogen in Kjeldahl method. Analyst 95, 181193.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fattet, I, Hovell, FDDeB, Ørskov, ER, Kyle, DFJ, Pennie, K & Smart, R (1984) Undernutrition in sheep: the effect of supplementation with protein on protein accretion. British Journal of Nutrition 52, 561574.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hovell, FDDeB, Ørskov, ER, Kyle, DJ & MacLeod, NA (1983) Basal urinary N excretion and growth response to supplemental protein by lambs close to energy equilibrium. British Journal of Nutrition 50, 173187.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ku Vera, J (1985) Mechanisms of the nitrogen sparing effect of glucose. MSc Thesis, University of Aberdeen.Google Scholar
Ku Vera, J (1989) Energy and protein metabolism in cattle nourished by intragastric infusion of nutrients. PhD Thesis, University of Aberdeen.Google Scholar
Ku Vera, J, MacLeod, NA & Ørskov, ER (1990) Construction and operation of an open-circuit ventilated hood system for cattle nourished wholly by intragastric infusion of nutrients. Animal Feed Science and Technology 28, 109114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, SM, MacLeod, NA, Luo, QJ, Kyle, DJ, Nicol, P, Harbron, CF & Ørskov, ER (1997) The effects of acute and chronic protein depletion and accretion on plasma concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-1, fibronectin and total protein for ruminants nourished by intragastric infusion of nutrients. British Journal of Nutrition 78, 411426.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lobley, GE, Connell, A & Buchan, V (1987) Effect of food intake on energy and protein metabolism in finishing beef steers. British Journal of Nutrition 57, 457465.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
MacLeod, NA, Corrigal, W, Stirton, R & Ørskov, ER (1982) Intragastric infusion of nutrients in cattle. British Journal of Nutrition 47, 547552.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marsh, WH, Fingerhut, B & Muller, M (1965) Automated and manual methods for determination of blood area. Clinical Chemistry 11, 624627.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marston, HR (1948) Energy transaction in the sheep. Australian Journal of Science and Research 1B, 93112.Google Scholar
Matsubara, C, Nishikawa, Y, Yoshida, Y & Takamura, K (1983) A spectrophotometric method for the determination of free fatty acid in serum using acyl-coenzyme A synthetase and acyl-coenzyme A oxidase. Analytical Biochemistry 130, 128133.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meehan, DJ (1994) Effect of glucogenic precursors in VFA on protein energy interrelations in cattle. MSc Thesis, University of Aberdeen.Google Scholar
Ørskov, ER, Grubb, DA, Smith, JS, Webster, AJF & Corrigal, W (1979 a) Efficiency of utilization of volatile fatty acids for maintenance and energy retention by sheep. British Journal of Nutrition 41, 541551.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ørskov, ER, Grubb, DA, Wenham, G & Corrigal, W (1979 b) The sustenance of growing and fattening ruminants by intragastric infusion of volatile fatty acids and protein. British Journal of Nutrition 41, 553558.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ørskov, ER & MacLeod, NA (1982) The determination of the minimal nitrogen excretion in steers and dairy cows and its physiological and practical implications. British Journal of Nutrition 47, 625636.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ørskov, ER & MacLeod, NA (1993) Effect of different levels of energy input of different proportions of volatile fatty acids on energy utilization in growing ruminants. British Journal of Nutrition 70, 679687.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ørskov, ER, MacLeod, NA, Fahmy, STM, Istasse, LA & Hovell, FDDeB (1983) Investigation of nitrogen balance in dairy cows and steers nourished by intragastric infusion. Effect of submaintenance energy input with or without protein. British Journal of Nutrition 50, 99107.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Trinder, P (1969) Determination of glucose using an alternative oxygen acceptor. Annals of Clinical Biochemistry 6, 2427.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Webster, AJF, Brockway, JM & Smith, JS (1974) Prediction of the energy requirement for growth in beef cattle. 1. The irrelevance of fasting metabolism. Animal Production 19, 127139.Google Scholar
Weekes, TEC (1989) Hormonal control of glucose metabolism. In Physiological Aspects of Digestion and Metabolism in Ruminants, pp. 183200 [Tsuda, T, Sasaki, Y and Kawashima, R, editors]. New York and London: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Zavin, J & Snarr, J (1973) An automated method for the use of measurement of 3-hydroxybutrate. Analytical Biochemistry 52, 456461.CrossRefGoogle Scholar