Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-cfpbc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-23T20:47:39.164Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effect of equilibrated hydration changes on total body water estimates by bioelectrical impedance analysis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Vincent Pialoux ,
Isabelle Mischler ,
Remi Mounier ,
Pierre Gachon ,
Patrick Ritz ,
Jean Coudert  and
Nicole Fellmann
Vincent Pialoux
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Physiologie-Biologie du Sport, Faculté de Médecine, Université d'Auvergne, 28 place Henri Dunant, Clermont-Ferrand, 63000, France
Isabelle Mischler
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Physiologie-Biologie du Sport, Faculté de Médecine, Université d'Auvergne, 28 place Henri Dunant, Clermont-Ferrand, 63000, France
Remi Mounier
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Physiologie-Biologie du Sport, Faculté de Médecine, Université d'Auvergne, 28 place Henri Dunant, Clermont-Ferrand, 63000, France
Pierre Gachon
Affiliation:
Unité Protéino-Métabolique, Laboratoire de Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
Patrick Ritz
Affiliation:
Unité Protéino-Métabolique, Laboratoire de Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
Jean Coudert
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Physiologie-Biologie du Sport, Faculté de Médecine, Université d'Auvergne, 28 place Henri Dunant, Clermont-Ferrand, 63000, France
Nicole Fellmann*
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Physiologie-Biologie du Sport, Faculté de Médecine, Université d'Auvergne, 28 place Henri Dunant, Clermont-Ferrand, 63000, France
*
*Corresponding author: Dr N. Fellmann, fax +33 4 73 44 83 19, email Physio.sport@u-clermont1.fr
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The present study was performed to determine how equilibrated fluctuations in hydration affected the validity of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) for body composition assessment. Total body water (TBW) expansion was induced by a 4 d endurance trial and the subsequent water loss was obtained over the recovery period. Twelve healthy men exercised on a cycle and treadmill alternately for 5 h/d over 4 d at moderate intensity. TBW, fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) were assessed 3 d before the trial (control), and on the first and eighth day of recovery (R1 and R8 respectively). TBW was evaluated by 2H dilution (TBW2H) as a reference method and by BIA (TBWBIA) at 100 kHz at the same time. TBW2H increased significantly between the control day and R1 by 1·87 (sd 1·11) litres (P=0·005) and TBWBIA by 1·38 (sd 1·56) litres (P=0·009). Both values returned to the control level on R8. For each period, TBW2H and TBWBIA did not differ significantly and were correlated (r2 0·85, P=0·0004 for the control day; r2 0·63, P=0·03 for R1; r2 0·75, P=0·02 for R8). Plasma Na concentration and osmolality did not differ between the control day, R1 and R8. FFM gain (1208 (sd 1983) g) and FM loss (−1168 (sd 906) g) between the control day and R1 were followed by a FFM decrease (−624 (sd 1281) g) and a FM increase (860 (sd 1212) g) between R1 and R8. As expected, these FFM and FM changes were significantly correlated with TBW variations. The present results provide evidence that BIA may be a useful method for estimating TBW when fluid shifts are equilibrated and electrolyte concentrations are unchanged. However, it is not a valid technique for assessing FM and FFM under these conditions.

Keywords

2H dilutionHyperhydrationDehydrationFat-free-mass hydrationFat mass
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 91 , Issue 1 , January 2004 , pp. 153 - 159
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2004

References

Ballor, DB (1996) Exercice training and body composition changes. In Human Body Composition, pp. 287–304[Roche, AF, Heymsfield, SB, Lohman, TM, editors]. Champaign, IL: US Human Kinetics.Google Scholar
Baumgartner, RN, Chulmea, WC & Roche, AF (1990) Bioelectric impedance for body composition. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 18, 193–224.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Caton, JR, Molé, PA, Adams, WC & Heustis, DS (1988) Body composition analysis by biolectrical impedance: effect of skin temperature. Med Sci Sports Exerc 20, 489–491.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Culebras, JM & Moore, FD (1977) Total body water and the exchangeable hydrogen. I. Theoretical calculation of nonaqueous exchangeable hydrogen in man. Am J Physiol 232, 54–59.Google ScholarPubMed
De Lorenzo, A, Sorge, SP, Iacopino, L, Andreoli, A, de Luca, PP & Sasso, GF (1998) Fat-free mass by bioelectrical impedance versus dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Appl Radiat Isot 49, 739–741.Google Scholar
Dohm, GL, Tapescott, EB & Kasperek, GJ (1987) Protein degradation during endurance exercise and recovery. Med Sci Sports Exerc 19, 166–171.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fellmann, N, Bedu, M & Boudet, G (1992) Inter-relationships between pituitary-adrenal hormones and catecholamines during a 6-day Nordic ski race. Eur J Appl Physiol 64, 258–265.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fellmann, N, Ritz, P, Ribeyre, J, Beaufrère, B, Delaître, M & Coudert, J (1999) Intracellular hyperhydration induced by a 7-day endurance race. Eur J Appl Physiol 80, 353–359.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Formica, C, Atkinson, MG, Nyulasi, I, McKay, J, Heale, W & Seeman, E (1993) Body composition following hemodialysis: studies using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and bioelectrical impedance analysis. Osteoporosis 3, 192–197.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Going, SB, Masset, MP & Hall, MC (1993) Detection of small changes in body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Am J Clin Nutr 57, 845–850.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gudivaka, R, Schoeller, D & Kushner, RF (1996) Effect of skin temperature on multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis. J Appl Physiol 87, 1087–1096.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Horber, FF, Thomi, F, Casez, JP, Fonteille, J & Jager, P (1992) Impact of hydration status on body composition as measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in normal volunteers and patients on haemodialysis. Br J Radiol 65, 895–900.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kushner, RF & Schoeller, DA (1986) Estimation of total body water by biolectrical impedance analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 44, 417–424.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lemon, PWR & Proctor, DN (1991) Protein intake and athletic performance. Sports Med 12, 313–325.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lukaski, HC, Johnson, PE, Bolonchuk, WW & Lykken, GI (1985) Assessment of fat-free mass using bioelectrical impedance measurements of the human body. Am J Clin Nutr 41, 810–817.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Milledge, JS, Bryson, EI & Catley, DM (1982) Sodium balance, fluid homeostasis and the renin-aldosterone system during the prolonged exercise of hill walking. Clin Sci 62, 595–604.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
O'Brien, C, Young, AJ & Sawka, MN (2002) Bioelectrical impedance to estimate changes in hydration status. Int J Sports Med 23, 361–366.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pietrobelli, A, Formica, C, Wang, Z & Heymsfield, SB (1996) Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry body composition model: review of physical concept. Am J Physiol 271, 941–951.Google Scholar
Pietrobelli, A, Wang, Z, Formica, C & Heymsfield, SB (1998) Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry: fat estimation errors due to variation in soft tissue hydration. Am J Physiol 274, 808–816.Google ScholarPubMed
Rees, AE, Ward, LC, Cornish, BH & Thomas, BJ (1999) Sensitivity of multiple frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis to changes in ion status. Physiol Meas 20, 349–362.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ritz, P (1998) Methods of assessing body water and body composition. In Hydration Throughout Life, pp. 63–74[Arnaud, MJ, editor]. Montrouge, France: John Libbey Eutotext.Google Scholar
Ritz, P, Johnson, PG & Coward, WA (1994) Measurements of 2 H and 18 O in body water: analytical considerations and physiological implications. Br J Nutr 72, 1–10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roos, AN, Westendorp, RGJ, Frölich, M & Meinders, AE (1992) Tetrapolar body impedance is influenced by body posture and plasma sodium concentration. Eur J Clin Nutr 46, 53–60.Google ScholarPubMed
Schoeller, DA, Van Santen, E & Peterson, DW (1980) Total body water measurement in humans with 18 O and 2 H labeled water. Am J Clin Nutr 33, 2688–2693.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Speakman, JR, Booles, D & Butterwick, R (2001) Validation of dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) by comparison with chemical analysis of dogs and cats. Int J Obes 25, 439–447.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tylavsky, F, Lohman, T & Blunt, BA (2003) QDR 4500A DXA overestimates fat-free mass compared with criterion methods. J Appl Physiol 94, 959–965.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vaché, C, Rousset, P & Gachon, P (1998) Bioelectrical impedance analysis measurements of total body water and extracellular water in healthy elderly subjects. Int J Obes 22, 537–543.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van der Ploeg, GE, Withers, RT & Laforgia, J (2003) Percent body fat via DEXA: comparison with a four-compartment model. J Appl Physiol 94, 499–506.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Williams, ES, Ward, MP, Milledge, JS, Withey, WR & Older, M (1979) Effect of the exercise of seven consecutive days hill-walking on fluid homeostasis. Clin Sci 56, 305–316.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wong, WW, Lee, LS & Klein, PD (1987) Oxygen isotope ratio measurements on carbon dioxide generated by reaction of microliter quantities of biological fluids with guanidine hydrochloride. Anal Chem 59, 690–693.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed