Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-xtgtn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T00:54:40.743Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effect of different varieties of pectin and guar gum on plasma, hepatic and biliary lipids and cholesterol gallstone formation in hamsters fed on high-cholesterol diets*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Elke A. Trautwein ,
Angelika Kunath-Rau  and
Helmut F. Erbersdobler
Elke A. Trautwein*
Affiliation:
Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 17, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
Angelika Kunath-Rau
Affiliation:
Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 17, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
Helmut F. Erbersdobler
Affiliation:
Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 17, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
*
†Corresponding author: Dr Elke Trautwein, fax +49 431 597 3679; email etrautwein@nutrfoodsc.uni-kiel.de
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The effect of high- (hePE) and low- (lePE) esterification pectin and high- (hvGG) and low-(lvGG) viscosity guar gum on plasma, hepatic and biliary lipids and on prevention of cholesterol gallstones was investigated in male golden Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). Hamsters were fed on cholesterol-rich (4g/kg), gallstone-inducing diets for 6 weeks. The diets were supplemented with 80g hePE, lePE, hvGG or lvGG/kg or 80g additional cellulose/kg. No significant differences in plasma total cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations between hvGG and lvGG and the gallstone-inducing or cellulose-enriched diets were observed. The hePE diet produced a 16% (non-significant) reduction in total plasma cholesterol but significantly decreased the plasma triacylglycerol level by 45%. The lePE diet caused only minor changes in plasma lipids. Hepatic cholesterol concentrations were significantly higher in hamsters fed on hvGG, lvGG, hePE or lePE primarily due to the accumulation of esterified cholesterol. Supersaturated bile samples, with lithogenic indices ranging from 1.6 to 2.0, were determined with all diets. The hePE and lePE diets slightly altered the bile acid profile by increasing glycocholic acid and decreasing taurochenodeoxycholic acid concentrations resulting in a higher cholic: chenodeoxycholic acid ratio. Cholesterol gallstone formation was not substantially inhibited by the two varieties of pectin and guar gum. The hvGG, lvGG, hePE and lePE diets did not alter faecal weight and caused only minor increases in faecal bile acid excretion. In general, the present findings demonstrate that dietary pectins and guar gums had only minor effects on cholesterol metabolism and did not prevent cholesterol gallstone formation in this hamster model. Possible explanations for this lack of a distinct response to pectin and guar gum are discussed.

Keywords

PectinGuargumBileCholesterolGallstones
Type
General Nutrition
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 79 , Issue 5 , May 1998 , pp. 463 - 471
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1998

Footnotes

*

These results were presented in part at Experimental Biology 96, 24–28 April 1996, Washington DC, USA.

References

Abbey, M, Triantafilidis, C & Topping, DL (1993) Dietary non-starch polysaccharides interact with cholesterol and fish oil in their effects on plasma lipids and hepatic lipoprotein receptor activity in rats. Journal of Nutrition 123, 900–908.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Anderson, JW, Jones, AE & Riddell-Mason, S (1994) Ten different dietary fibers have significantly different effects on serum and liver lipids of cholesterol-fed rats. Journal of Nutrition 124, 78–83.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Arjmandi, BH, Ahn, J, Nathani, S & Reeves, RD (1992) Dietary soluble fiber and cholesterol affect serum cholesterol concentrations, hepatic portal venous short-chain fatty acid concentrations and fecal sterol excretion in rats. Journal of Nutrition 112, 246–253.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ausman, LM, Johnson, JA, Guidry, C & Nair, PP (1993) Fecal bile acids and neutral sterols in the cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 105B, 655–663.Google Scholar
Bergman, F & van der Linden, W (1975) Effect of dietary fibre on gallstone formation in hamsters. Zeitschrift für Ernährungswissenschaft 14, 217–223.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carey, MC (1978) Critical tables for calculating the cholesterol saturation of native bile. Journal of Lipid Research 19, 945–955.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cohen, BI, Ayyad, N, Mikami, T, Mikami, Y & Mosbach, EH (1994) Effects of dietary fat and fatty acids on sterol balance in hamsters. Lipids 29, 503–508.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cohen, BI, Matoba, N, Mosbach, EH & McSherry, CK (1989) Dietary induction of cholesterol gallstones in hamsters from three different sources. Lipids 24, 151–156.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dietschy, JM, Turley, SD & Spady, DK (1993) Role of liver in the maintenance of cholesterol and low density lipoprotein homeostasis in different animal species, including humans. Journal of Lipid Research 34, 1637–1659.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dunn, OJ (1961) Multiple comparisons among means. Journal of the American Statistics Association 56, 52–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evans, AJ, Hood, RL, Oakenfull, DG & Sidhu, GS (1992) Relationship between structure and function of dietary fibre: a comparative study of the effects of three galactomannans on cholesterol metabolism in the rat. British Journal of Nutrition 68, 217–229.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fernandez, ML (1995) Distinct mechanisms of plasma LDL lowering by dietary fiber in the guinea pig: specific effects of pectin, guar gum, and psyllium. Journal of Lipid Research 36, 2394–2404.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fernandez, ML, Sun, DM, Tosca, M & McNamara, DJ (1994) Citrus pectin and cholesterol interact to regulate hepatic cholesterol homeostasis and lipoprotein metabolism: a dose response study in guinea pigs. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 59, 869–878.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fernandez, ML, Sun, DM, Tosca, M & McNamara, DJ (1995) Guar gum effects on plasma low-density lipoprotein and hepatic cholesterol metabolism in guinea pigs fed low- and high- cholesterol diets: a dose-response study. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 61, 127–134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Folch, J, Lees, M & Sloane-Stanley, GH (1957) A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipides from animal tissue. Journal of Biological Chemistry 226, 497–509.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gallaher, DD, Hassel, CA, Lee, KJ & Gallaher, CM (1993) Viscosity and fermentability as attributes of dietary fiber responsible for the hypocholesterolaemic effect in hamsters. Journal of Nutrition 123, 244–252.Google Scholar
Hayes, KC, Khosla, P, Kaiser, A, Yeghiazarians, V & Pronczuk, A (1992) Dietary fat and cholesterol modulate the plasma lipoprotein distribution and production of pigment or cholesterol gallstones in hamsters. Journal of Nutrition 122, 374–384.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hayes, KC, Stephan, ZF, Pronczuk, A, Lindsey, S & Verdon, C (1989) Lactose protects against estrogen-induced pigment gallstones in hamsters fed nutritionally adequate purified diets. Journal of Nutrition 119, 1726–1736.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heuman, DM, Hylemon, PB & Vlahcevic, ZR (1989) Regulation of bile acid synthesis. III. Correlation between biliary bile salt hydrophobicity index and the activities of enzymes regulating cholesterol and bile acid synthesis in the rat. Journal of Lipid Research 30, 1161–1171.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hoover, WH, Mannings, CL & Sheerin, HE (1969) Observations on digestion in the Golden hamster. Journal of Animal Science 28, 349–352.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Horton, JD, Cuthbert, JA & Spady, DK (1994) Regulation of hepatic 7α-hydroxylase expression by dietary psyllium in the hamster. Journal of Clinical Investigation 93, 2084–2092.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jonnalagadda, SS, Thye, FW & Robertson, JL (1993) Plasma total and lipoprotein cholesterol, liver cholesterol and fecal cholesterol excretion in hamsters fed fiber diets. Journal of Nutrition 123, 1377–1382.Google ScholarPubMed
Judd, PA & Truswell, AS (1985) The hypocholesterolaemic effects of pectins in rats. British Journal of Nutrition 53, 409–425.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kim, JC & Chung, TH (1984) Direct determination of the free cholesterol and individual cholesteryl esters in serum by HPLC. Korean Journal of Biochemistry 16, 69–77.Google Scholar
Kritchevsky, D & Story, JA (1993) Influence of dietary fiber on cholesterol metabolism in experimental animals. In CRC Handbook of Dietary Fiber in Human Nutrition, pp. 163–178 [Spiller, GA, editor]. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.Google Scholar
Kritchevsky, D, Tepper, SA & Klurfeld, DM (1984) Effect of pectin and cellulose on formation and regression of gallstones in hamsters. Experimentia 40, 350–351.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kuroki, S, Cohen, BI, Carey, MC & Mosbach, EH (1986) Rapid computation with the personal computer of the percent cholesterol saturation of bile samples. Journal of Lipid Research 27, 442–446.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Matheson, HB, Colon, IS & Story, JA (1995) Cholesterol 7α-hyroxylase activity is increased by dietary modification with psyllium hydrocolloid, pectin, cholesterol and cholestyramine in rats. Journal of Nutrition 125, 454–458.Google ScholarPubMed
Matheson, HB & Story, JA (1994) Dietary psyllium hydrocolloid and pectin increase bile acid pool size and change bile acid composition in rats. Journal of Nutrition 124, 1161–1165.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rotstein, OD, Kay, RM, Wayman, M & Strasberg, SM (1981) Prevention of cholesterol gallstones by lignin and lactulose in the hamster. Gastroenterology 81, 1098–1103.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sablé-Amplis, R, Sicart, R & Dupouy, D (1987) Hepatic cholesterolgenesis and cholesterol 7α-hyroxylase activity in hamsters fed diets enriched with pectins and/or cholesterol. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 31, 61–68.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spady, DK & Dietschy, JM (1983) Sterol synthesis in vivo in 18 tissues of the squirrel monkey, guinea pig, rabbit, hamster and rat. Journal of Lipid Research 24, 303–315.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spady, DK, Stange, EF, Bilhartz, LE & Dietschy, JM (1986) Bile acids regulate hepatic low density lipoprotein receptor activity in the hamster by altering cholesterol flux across the liver. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 83, 1916–1920.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Suckling, KE, Benson, GM, Bond, B, Gee,, A, Glen, A, Haynes, C & Jackson, B (1991) Cholesterol lowering and bile acid excretion in the hamster with cholestyramine treatment. Atherosclerosis 89, 183–190.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Trautwein, EA, Kunath-Rau, A, Dietrich, J, Drusch, S & Erbersdobler, HF (1997) Effect of dietary fats rich in lauric, myristic, palmitic, oleic or linoleic acid on plasma, hepatic and biliary lipids in cholesterol-fed hamsters. British Journal of Nutrition 77, 605–620.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Trautwein, EA, Liang, J & Hayes, KC (1993 a) Cholesterol gallstone induction in hamsters reflects strain differences in plasma lipoproteins and bile acid profiles. Lipids 28, 305–312.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Trautwein, EA, Rieckhoff, D, Jürgensen, U, Kunath-Rau, A & Erbersdobler, HF (1996) Psyllium but not pectin and guar gum reduced plasma cholesterol and protected against cholesterol gallstone formation in hamsters. FASEB Journal 10, A225.Google Scholar
Trautwein, EA, Siddiqui, A & Hayes, KC (1993 b) Modeling plasma lipoprotein-bile lipid relationships: differential impact of psyllium and cholestyramine in hamsters fed a lithogenic diet. Metabolism 42, 1531–1540.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Truswell, AS (1995) Dietary fibre and blood lipids. Current Opinion in Lipidology 6, 14–19.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Turley, SD & Dietschy, JM (1995) Mechanisms of LDL-cholesterol lowering action of psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid in the hamster. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1255, 177–184.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vahouny, GV, Satchithanandam, S, Chen, I, Tepper, SA, Kritchevsky, D, Lightfoot, FG & Cassidy, MM (1988) Dietary fiber and intestinal adaptation: effects on lipid and lymphatic transport in the rat. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 47, 201–206.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed