Hostname: page-component-84b7d79bbc-4hvwz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-26T06:58:15.693Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The effect of cottonseed condensed tannins on the ileal digestibility of amino acids in casein and cottonseed kernel

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Feng Yu ,
P. J. Moughan  and
T. N. Barry
Feng Yu
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science, Massey University,Palmerston North, New Zealand
P. J. Moughan
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science, Massey University,Palmerston North, New Zealand
T. N. Barry
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science, Massey University,Palmerston North, New Zealand
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The effect of adding cottonseed hulls to casein- and cottonseed-kernel-based diets on the apparent and true ileal digestibility of N and amino acids, and the proportion of this effect accounted for by condensed tannin (CT), were determined using the growing rat. Sixtyrats were allocated randomly to ten semi- purified diets, containing either casein (four diets) or purified unheated solvent-extracted cottonseed kernel (six diets) as the sole protein source, with Cr2O3 added as an indigestible marker. Two of the casein diets contained no hulls whilst the remaining two diets contained 70 g cottonseed hulls/kg. Two of the cottonseed-kernel-based diets contained no hulls, with two containing 23 g hulls/kg and the remaining two containing 46 g hulls/kg. For each pair of diets, PEG was either included or excluded. The effect of CT was quantified by comparing control rats (-PEG; CTacting) with PEG-supplemented rats (+PEG; CT inactivated) at each level of dietary hulls. The rats were given their respective experimental diets for 14 d. Each rat was given the food ad libitumfor 10 min hourly from 08·00 to 18·00 hours. On day 14, samples of digesta were collected at death from the terminal 150 mm of ileum at 7 h from the first meal. Apparent and true ileal digestibilities were calculated for DM, N and the individual amino acids. The principal finding was that the inclusion of hulls depressed the apparent and true ileal digestibilities of N and amino acids, but with the response differing between diets. With the casein-based diet the mean apparent and true ileal amino acid digestibilities were significantly depressed from 0·89 and 0·96 to 0·85 and 0·92 respectively, by the inclusion of 70 g hulls/kg in the diet, and addition of PEG then restored these to 0·89 and 0·95. All of the depression could be explained by the CT content of the hulls. However, with the cottonseed-kernel-based diet the responses fell into three categories. The apparent and true ileal digestibilities of the essential amino acids cystine and methionine were not affected by hull addition, ileal digestibilities of leucine, isoleucine, lysine, threonine and valine were markedly depressed by hull addition with approximately 50% of the depression being explained by CT, whilst the ileal digestibilities of histidine, arginine and phenylalanine were depressed by hull addition but little or none of this effect could be explained by CT. Thus the effect of hulls on protein digestion clearly differed with source of protein. With the cottonseed-kernel-based diet it seems that components of the hulls other than CT also depressed the apparent and true ileal digestibilities of N and amino acids. The identity of these components is unknown.

Keywords

CottonseedCondensed tanninIleal digestibility
Type
Tannins and amino acid digestibility
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 75 , Issue 5 , May 1996 , pp. 683 - 698
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1996

References

American Oil Chemists Society (1975). Official and Tentative Methods of American Oil Chemists Society, 3rd ed., pp. Ba 7–58. Champaign, IL: American Oil Chemists Society.Google Scholar
Asquith, T. N. & Butler, L. G. (1986). Interactions of condensed tannins with selected proteins. Phytochemistry 25, 1591–1593.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Association of Official Analytical Chemists (1975). Official Methods of Analysis, 12th ed. Washington, DC: Association of Official Analytical Chemists.Google Scholar
Balogun, T. F., Aduku, A. O., Dim, N. I. & Olorunji, S. A. S. (1990). Undecorticated cottonseed meal as a substitute for soya bean meal in diets for weaner and growing finishing pigs. Animal Feed Science and Technology 30, 193–201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barry, T. N. & Manley, T. R. (1986). Interrelationships between the concentrations of total condensed tannin, free condensed tannin and lignin in Lotus sp. and their possible consequences in ruminant nutrition. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 37, 248–254.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Batterham, E. S. (1992). Availability and utilization of amino acids for growing pigs. Nutrition Research Reviews 5, 1–18.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Batterham, E. S., Anderson, L. M., Baigent, D. R., Beech, S. A. & Elliott, R. (1990). A comparison of the availability and ileal digestibility of lysine in cottonseed and soybean meals for grower/finisher pigs. British Journal of Nutrition 64, 663–677.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berardi, L. C. & Goldblatt, L. A. (1980). Gossypol. In Toxic Constituents of Plant Foodstuffs, pp. 183–237 [Liener, I. E. editor]. New York, London and Sydney: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Butts, C. A., Moughan, P. J. & Smith, W. C. (1991). Endogenous amino acid flow at the terminal ileum of the rat determined under conditions of peptide alimentation. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 55, 175–187CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen, S. A., Meys, M. & Tarvin, T. L. (1989). The Pico.Tug Method. A Manual of Advanced Techniques for Amino Acid Analysis. Bedford, MA: Millipore Corporation.Google Scholar
Costigan, P. & Ellis, K. J. (1987). Analysis of faecal chromium derived from controlled release marker devices. New Zealand Journal of Technology 3, 89–92.Google Scholar
Cousins, B. W., Tanksley, T. D., Knabe, D. A. & Zebrowska, T. (1981). Nutrient digestibility and performance of pigs fed sorghums varying in tannin concentration. Journal of Animal Science 53, 1524–1537.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Damaty, S. M. & Hudson, B. J. F. (1979). The interaction between gossypol and cottonseed protein. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 30, 1050–1056.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fitt, G. P., Mares, C. L., Wilson, L. J. & Thomson, N. J. (1992). Development of resistance to insects in Australian cotton varieties. In Proceedings of 1992 Australian Cotton Conference, pp. 307–322.Gold Coast,Queensland: The Australian Cotton Growers' Research Association.Google Scholar
Frank, A. W. (1987). Food uses of cottonseed protein. In Developments in Food Protein-5, pp. 31–80 [Hudson, B. J. F, editor]. London and New York: Elsevier Applied Science.Google Scholar
Griffiths, D. W. (1979). The inhibition of digestive enzymes by extracts of field beans. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 30, 458–462.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Griffiths, D. W. & Moseley, G. (1980). The effects of diets containing field beans of high or low polyphenolic content on the activity of digestive enzymes in the intestines of rats. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 31, 255–259.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hagerman, A. E. & Butler, L. G. (1981). The specificity of proanthocyanidins -protein interactions. Journal of Biological Chemistry 256, 4494–4497.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Helsper, J. P. F. G., Hoogendijk, J. M., van Norel, A. & Burger-Meyer, K. (1993). Antinutritional factors in Faba beans (Vicia faba L.) as affected by breeding toward the absence of condensed tannins. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 41, 1058–1061.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huisman, J., van der Poel, A. F. B., Verstegen, M. W. A. & van Weerden, E. J. (1990). Antinutritional factors (ANF) in pig production. World Review of Animal Production 25, 77–82.Google Scholar
Ikurior, S. A. & Fetuga, B. L. A. (1988). Chemical and biological evaluation of Nigerian cottonseed meal protein quality. Animal Feed Science and Technology 20, 251–258.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jansman, A. J. M. (1993 a). Tannins in feedstuffs for simple-stomached animals. Nutrition Research Reviews 6, 209–236.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jansman, A. J. M. (1993 b). Tannins in faba beans (Vicia faba L.)-antinutritional properties in monogastric animals, pp. 51 – 70. phD Thesis, Wageningen Agricultural University, The Netherlands.Google Scholar
Jones, D. E. (1965). Banana tannin and its reaction with polyethylene glycols. Nature 206,299–300.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jones, W. T. & Mangan, J. L. (1977). Complexes of the condensed tannins of sainfoin (Onybrychis vicüfolia Scop.) with Fraction 1 Leaf protein and with submaxillary mucoprotein, and their reversal by polyethylene glycol and pH. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 28, 126–136.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Longstaff, M. & McNab, J. M. (1991). The inhibitory effects of hull polysaccharides and tannins of field beans (Vicia faba L.) on the digestion of amino acids, starch and lipid and on digestive enzyme activities in young chicks. British Journal of Nutrition 65, 199–216.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lusas, E. W. & Jividen, G. M. (1987). Glandless cottonseed, a review of the first 25 years of processing and utilisation research. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 64, 839–854.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lyman, C. M., Baliga, B. P. & Slay, M. W. (1959). Reactions of proteins with gossypol. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 84, 486–497.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McNabb, W. C. (1991). Digestion and metabolism of sulphur containing amino acids in sheep fed fresh forage diets. PhD Thesis, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.Google Scholar
Mangan, J. L. (1988). Nutritional effects of tannins in animal feeds. Nutrition Research Reviews 1, 209–231.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marquardt, R. R. (1989). Dietary effects of tannins, vicine and convicine. In Recent Advances of Research in Antinutritional Factors in Legume Seeds, pp. 141–155 [Huisman, J., van der Poel, A.F. B. and Liener, I. E., editors]. Wageningen: Pudoc.Google Scholar
Martinez, W. H., Beradi, L. C., Frampton, V. L., Eilcke, H. L., Green, D. E. & Teichman, R. (1967). Importance of cellular constifuents to cottonseed meal protein quality. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 15, 427–432.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mehansho, H., Ann, D. K., Butler, L. G. & Carlson, D. M. (1987). Induction of proline-rich proteins in hamster salivary glands by isoproterenol treatment and an unusual growth inhibition by tannins. Journal of Biological Chemistry 260, 4418–4423.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mehansho, H., Asquith, T. N., Butler, L. G., Rogler, J. C. & Carlson, D. M. (1992). Tannin-mediated induction of proline-rich protein synthesis. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 40, 93–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mehansho, H., Hagerman, A., Clements, S., Butler, L. G., Rogler, J. C. & Carlson, D. M. (1983). Modulation of proline-rich protein biosynthesis in rat parotid glands by sorghum with high tannin levels. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 80, 3948–3952.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mitjavila, S., Lacombe, C., Carrera, G. & Derache, R. (1977). Tannic acid and oxidised tannic acid on the functional state of rat intestinal epithelium. Journal of Nutrition 107, 2113–2121.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mole, S., Butler, L. G. & Iason, G. (1990). Defenceagainst dietary tannin in herbivores: a survey for proline rich salivary proteins in mammals. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 18, 287–293.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moughan, P. J., Darragh, A. J., Smith, W. C. & Butts, C. A. (1990). Perchloric and trichloroacetic acids as precipitants of protein in endogenous ileal digesta from the rat. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 52, 13–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
National Research Council (1978). Nutrient requirements of the laboratory rat. In Nutrient Requirements of Laboratory Animals, pp. 7–32. Washington, DC: National Research Council.Google Scholar
Pons, W. A. & Eaves, P. H. (1967). Aqueous acetone extraction of cottonseed. Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society 44, 460–464.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robertson, J. B. & van Soest, P. J. (1981). The detergent system of analysis and its application in human food. In The Analysis of Dietary Fibre in Food, pp. 123–158 [James, W. P. T. & Theander, O. editors]. New York and Basel: Marcel Dekker, Inc.Google Scholar
Salunkhe, D. K., Chavan, J. K. & Kadam, S. S. (1990). Dietary Tannins: Consequences and Remedies. Chapter 5. Nutritional Consequences of Dietary Tannins, pp. 113–146. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.Google Scholar
Sell, D. R., Reed, W. M., Chrisman, C. L. & Rogler, J. C. (1985). Mucin excretion and morphology of the intestinal tract as influenced by sorghum tannins. Nutrition Reports International 31, 1369–1314.Google Scholar
Snedecor, G. W. & Cochran, W. G. (1982). Statistical Methods. Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press.Google Scholar
Terrill, T. H., Rowan, A. M., Douglas, G. B. & Barry, T. N. (1992). Determination of extractable and bound condensed tannin concentrations in forage plants, protein concentrate meals and cereal grains. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 58, 321–329.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thomsen, L. (1981). Bowl for feeding powdered diets to rats. Laboratory Animals 15, 177–178.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
van Leeuwen, P., Koninkx, J. F. J. L., Jansman, A. J. M. & Mouwen, J. M. V. M. (1993). Effect of condensed tannins in hulls of Faba beans (Vicia faba L.) on some morphological and functional parameters of small intestinal mucosa of piglets. In Recent Advances of Research in Antinutritional Factors in Legume Seeds, pp. 335–339 [van der Poel, A. F. B., Huisman, J. & Saini, H. S., editors]. wageningen: Wageningen Pers.Google Scholar
Varnish, S. A. & Carpenter, K. L. (1975) Mechanism of heat damage in proteins. 5. The nutritional values of heat- damage and propionykdted proteins as sources of lysine, methionine and tryptophan. British Journal of Nutrition 34, 325–331.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yu, F., Barry, T. N., McNabb, W. C., Moughan, P. J. & Wilson, G. F. (1995 a). Effect of bound condensed tannin from cottonseed upon in situ protein solubility and dry matter degradation in the rumen. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 69, 311–319.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yu, F., Barry, T. N., Moughan, P. J. & Wilson, G. F. (1993). Condensed tannin and gossypol concentrations in cottonseed and in processed cottonseed meal. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 63, 7–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yu, F., McNabb, W. C., Barry, T. N. & Waghorn, G. C. (1995 b). Effect of condensed tannin in cottonseed hulls upon the in vitro degradation of cottonseed kernel proteins by rumen micro-organisms. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 69,223–234.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yu, F., Moughan, P. J. & Barry, T. N. (1995c). Effect of condensed tannin in cottonseed hulls on endogenous ileal amino acid loss in the growing rat. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 68,451–455.CrossRefGoogle Scholar