Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-25wd4 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T08:09:47.364Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Duodenal flow and digestibility in fauna-free sheep and in sheep monofaunated with Entodinium caudatum or Polyplastron multivesiculatum

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 March 2007

M. Ivan ,
K.M. Koenig ,
D.P. Morgavi ,
L.M. Rode ,
C.J. Newbold  and
T. Entz
M. Ivan*
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaPO Box 90, 2000 Route 108 East Lennoxville, Quebec, J1M 1Z3Canada
K.M. Koenig
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaPO Box 3000, Lethbridge, Alberta, T1J 4B1Canada
D.P. Morgavi
Affiliation:
Institute National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)Centre de Clermont-Ferrand Theix, 63122 Saint Genè ChampanelleFrance
L.M. Rode
Affiliation:
Rosebud Technologies Development Ltd3302 Beauvais Place S., Lethbridge, Alberta, T1K 3J5Canada
C.J. Newbold
Affiliation:
University of WalesInstitute of Rural Sciences, Lianbadarn Campus, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3ALUK
T. Entz
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaPO Box 3000, Lethbridge, Alberta, T1J 4B1Canada
*
*Corresponding author: fax +1 819 564 5507, email ivanm@agr.gc.ca
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Three groups of five rumen and duodenum cannulated fauna-free sheep were used in a 28d experiment. One group remained fauna-free, whereas the second (EN) and third (PP) groups, respectively, were inoculated intraruminally with the protozoan species Entodinium caudatum and Polyplastron multivesiculatum. Rumen fluid, duodenal digesta and faecal samples were collected during the last 12d. The flow of digesta to the duodenum was determined using Yb and Co as dual-phase markers. 15Nitrogen and phosphatidylcholine were used as markers to calculate the duodenal flow of bacterial and protozoal N, respectively. Results showed an increase (P<0·1) in the rumen concentration of NH3-N and total volatile fatty acids, and a decrease (P<0·05) in the duodenal flow of non-NH3-N and bacterial N in sheep with EN and PP monofaunas, compared with fauna-free sheep. There were no differences (P>0·05) in these variables between the two monofauna groups. Protozoal N accounted for 8% of the duodenal non-NH3-N flow in the EN-monofaunated sheep, whereas no such flow was detected in the PP-monofaunated sheep. Apparent rumen digestibility of organic matter, neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre were similar (P>0·05) in the monofaunated groups of sheep, but rumen acid detergent fibre digestibility was higher (P<0·05) in the monofaunated than in the fauna-free groups. Experimental results suggested that, unlike EN, the PP monofauna might not contribute to the duodenal flow of microbial protein, whereas both monofaunas showed a virtually equal degree of predation on rumen bacteria.

Keywords

EntodiniumPolyplastronRumen ciliate protozoaSheep
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 95 , Issue 3 , March 2006 , pp. 469 - 476
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2006

References

Association of Official Analytical Chemists Official Methods of Analysis 15th ed., Arlington: AOAC 1995Google Scholar
Canadian Council on Animal Care (1993) Guide to the Care and Use of Experimental Animal, vol. 1 [ED Olfert, EDCross, BMMcWilliams, AA, editor].Ottawa: CCAC.Google Scholar
Coleman, GS 1964 The metabolism of Escherichia coli and other bacteria by Entodinium caudatum. J Gen Microbiol 47, 449–464.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coleman, GS Protozoal-bacterial interaction in the rumen. In The Role of Protozoa and Fungi in Ruminant Digestion, pp. 13–27 [ Nolan, JVLeng, RADemeyer, DI editor]. Armidale, NSW: Penambul Books. 1987Google Scholar
Dehority, BA 1998 Generation times of Epidinium caudatum and Entodinium caudatum, determined in vitro by transferring at various time intervals. J Anim Sci 76, 1189–1196.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Demeyer, DI & Van Nevel, CJ 1979 Effect of defaunation on the metabolism of rumen micro-organisms. Br J Nutr 42, 515–524.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eadie, JM 1962 Inter-relationships between certain rumen ciliate protozoa. J Gen Microbiol 29, 579–588.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Faichney, GJ The use of markers to partition digestion within the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants. In Digestion and Metabolism in the Ruminant. pp. 277–291 [McDonald, IWWarner, ACIeditors]. Armidale, NSW: University of New England Academic Press. 1975Google Scholar
Groliere, CA, Senaud, J, Jouany, JP, Grain, J & De Puytorac, P 1959 Implantation et développement des populations de protozoaires ciliés (Polyplastron multivesiculatum, Entodinium sp, Isotricha prostoma) dans le rumen de moutons recevant différents régimes alimentaires. II. Régimes a base de foin, enrichis en céréales. Protistologica XVI, 385–394.Google Scholar
Hecker, JF 1969 A simple rapid method for inserting rumen cannulae in sheep. Aust Vet J 45, 293–294.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ivan, M, Dayrell, MS, Mahadevan, S & Hidiroglou, M 1992 Effects of bentonite n wool growth and nitrogen metabolism in fauna-free and faunated sheep. J Anim Sci 70, 3194–3202.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ivan, M, Hidiroglou, M & Petit, HV 1991 Duodenal flow of nitrogen following protozoal inoculation of fauna-free sheep fed a diet supplemented with casein or soybean meal. Can J Anim Sci 71, 793–801.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ivan, M, Neill, L & Entz, T 2000 a Ruminal fermentation and duodenal flow following progressive inoculations of fauna-free wethers with major individual species of ciliate protozoa or total fauna. J Anim Sci 78, 750–759.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ivan, M, Neill, L, Forster, R, Alimon, R, Rode, LM & Entz, T 2000 b Effects f Isotricha, Dasytricha, Entodinium, and total fauna on ruminal fermentation and duodenal flow in wethers fed different diets. J Dairy Sci 83, 776–787.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ivan, M, Veira, DM & Kelleher, CA, 1986 Br J Nutr. The alleviation of chronic copper toxicity in sheep by ciliate protozoa 55, 361–367. Google Scholar
John, A & Ulyatt, MJ 1984 Measurement of protozoa, using phosphatidyl choline, and of bacteria, using nucleic acids, in the duodenal digesta of sheep fed chaffed Lucerne hay (Medicago sativa L.) diets. J Agric Sci (Camb) 102, 33–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jouany, JP & Senaud, J 1982 Influence des ciliés du rumen sur la digestion de différents glucides chez le mouton. I. Utilisation des glucides pariétaux (cellulose et hémicelluloses) et de l'amidon. Reprod Nutr Dévelop 22, 735–752.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jouany, JP & Senaud, JInfluence des ciliés du rumen sur l'utilisation digestive de différents régimes riches en glucides solubles et sur les produits terminaux form´s dans le rumen. II. Régimes contenant de l'nuline, du saccharose et du lactose. Reprod Nutr Dévelop 1983 23 607–623.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kayouli, C, van Nevel, CJ, Dendooven, R & Demeyer, DI 1986 Effect of defaunation and refaunation of the rumen on rumen fermentation and nitrogen flow in the duodenum of sheep. Arch Tierernahr 36 827–838.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Koenig, KM, Newbold, CJ, McIntosh, FM & Rode, LMEffects of protozoa on bacterial nitrogen recycling in the rumen. J Anim Sci 2000 78 2431–2445.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kurihara, Y, Takechi, T & Shibata, F 1978 Relationship between bacteria and protozoa in the rumen of sheep fed on a purified diet. J Agric Sci 90 373–381.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, C, Williams, AG & Michalet-Doreau, B 1994 Isolation and characteristics of the protozoal and bacterial fractions from bovine ruminal contents. J Anim Sci 72 2962–2968.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Neill, L, Dayrell, M de S, Kramer, JKG & Ivan, M 1992 Procedure for analysis of phosphatidylcholine as a protozoa marker in ruminants. Can J Anim Sci 72 717–719.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neill, L & Ivan, M 1996 Comparison of methods for isolation of protozoa from ruminal fluid. Can J Anim Sci 76 481–483.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ogimoto, K & Imai, SAtlas of Rumen Microbiology. Tokyo: Japan Scientific Societies 1981Google Scholar
Orpin, CG 1985 Association of rumen ciliate populations with plant particles in vitro. Microbial Ecology 11 59–69.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Robinson, PH, Fadel, JG & Ivan, M 1996 Critical evaluation of diaminopimelic acid and ribonucleic acid as markers to estimate rumen pools and duodenal flows of bacterial and protozoal nitrogen. Can J Anim Sci 76 587–597.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SAS SAS/STAT User's Guide, version 8. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc 1999aGoogle Scholar
SAS SAS Procedures Guide, version 8. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc. 1999bGoogle Scholar
Sims, GK, Ellsworth, TR & Mulvaney, RL 1995 Microscale determination of inorganic nitrogen in water and soil extracts. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 26 303–316.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steel, RGD & Torrie, JHPrinciples and Procedures of Statistics: a Biometrical Approach, 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill 1980Google Scholar
Sylvester, JT, Karnati, SKR, Yu, Z, Newbold, CJ & Firkins, JL 2005 Evaluation of a real-time PCR assay quantifying the ruminal pool size and duodenal flow of protozoal nitrogen. J Dairy Sci 88 2083–2095.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Udén, P, Colucci, PE & Van Soest, PJInvestigation of chromium, cerium and cobalt as markers in digesta. Rate of passage studies. J Sci Food Agric 1980 31 625–632.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ushida, K & Jouany, JP 1985 Effect of protozoa on rumen protein degradation in sheep. Reprod Nutr Develop 25 1075–1081.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ushida, K, Jouany, JP & Thivend, P 1986 Role of protozoa in nitrogen digestion in sheep given two isonitrogenous diets. Br J Nutr 56 407–419.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van Soest, PJ, Robertson, JB & Lewis, BA 1991 Methods for dietary fiber neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J Dairy Sci 74 3583–3597.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Veira, DM, Ivan, M & Jui, PY 1983 Rumen ciliate protozoa: effects on digestion in the stomach of sheep. J Dairy Sci 66 1015–1022.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Veira, DM, Ivan, M & Jui, PY 1984 The effect of ciliate protozoa on the flow of amino acids from the stomach of sheep. Can J Anim Sci Suppl 64 22–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Volden, H, Mydland, LT & Harstad, OM 1999 Chemical composition of protozoal and bacterial fractions isolated from ruminal contents of dairy cows fed diets differing in nitrogen supplementation. Acta Agric Scand A Anim Sci 49 235–244.Google Scholar
Weller, RA & Pilgrim, AF 1974 Passage of protozoa and volatile fatty acids from the rumen of the sheep and from a continuous fermentation system. Br J Nutr 32 341–351.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weller, RI, Pilgrim, AF & Reid, CSW 1971 Level of food intake and the passage of markers and nitrogen along the alimentary tract of sheep. Br J Nutr 26 487–497.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Williams, AGMetabolic activities of rumen protozoa. In The Role of Protozoa and Fungi in Ruminant Digestion, Nolan, JV, Leng, RA and Demeyer, DIArmidale, NSW: Penambul Books. 1989 97–216.Google Scholar
Williams, AG & Coleman, GSThe Rumen Protozoa. New York: Springer-Verlag 1992CrossRefGoogle Scholar