Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-dnltx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-20T01:08:27.828Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Digestion and nutrient net fluxes across the rumen, and the mesenteric- and portal-drained viscera in sheep fed with fresh forage twice daily: net balance and dynamic aspects

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Didier Rémond ,
Laurence Bernard ,
Béatrice Chauveau ,
Pierre Nozière  and
Claude Poncet
Didier Rémond*
Affiliation:
Unité Nutrition et Métabolisme Protéique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique de Clermont-Ferrand, 63 122 St Genès-Champanelle, France
Laurence Bernard
Affiliation:
Unité de Recherches sur les Herbivores, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique de Clermont-Ferrand, 63 122 St Genès-Champanelle, France
Béatrice Chauveau
Affiliation:
Unité de Recherches sur les Herbivores, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique de Clermont-Ferrand, 63 122 St Genès-Champanelle, France
Pierre Nozière
Affiliation:
Unité de Recherches sur les Herbivores, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique de Clermont-Ferrand, 63 122 St Genès-Champanelle, France
Claude Poncet
Affiliation:
Unité de Recherches sur les Herbivores, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique de Clermont-Ferrand, 63 122 St Genès-Champanelle, France
*
*Corresponding Author: Dr Didier Rémond, fax +33 4 73 62 47 55, email dremond@clermont.inra.fr
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Digestion and portal net flux of nutrients were studied in sheep fed twice daily with fresh orchard-grass. Digestive flows were measured in six fistulated sheep using the double-marker technique. Three sheep were fitted with catheters and blood-flow probes, allowing nutrient net flux measurements across the portal-drained viscera (PDV), the mesenteric-drained viscera (MDV) and the rumen. Total tract apparent digestion of N was similar to portal net appearance of N, calculated as the sum of free amino acids (FAA), peptide amino acids (PAA), NH3, and urea net fluxes. PAA accounted for 25 % of non-protein amino acid net release across the PDV. With the exception of glycine and glutamate, the small intestine was the main contributor to this PAA net release. The essential amino acid (EAA) apparent disappearance between the duodenum and the ileum was lower than the net appearance of EAA (FAA + PAA) across the MDV. The value of PDV:MDV flux of free EAA was, on average, 78 %. The rumen accounted for 30 % of the net uptake of EAA by the PDV tissues not drained by the mesenteric vein. Rumen net release of acetate, propionate, butyrate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, and lactate accounted for 70, 55, 46, 77 and 52 %, respectively, of their portal net releases. Conversely, the small intestine was a net consumer of arterial acetate and 3-hydroxybutyrate. Dynamic study of nutrient net fluxes across the PDV showed that throughout a feeding cycle, the liver faced a constant flux of amino acids (AA), whereas volatile fatty acid and NH3 net fluxes varied in response to the meal. The present study specified, in forage-fed sheep, the partitioning of nutrient net fluxes across the PDV and the role of peptides in portal net release of AA.

Keywords

Amino acidsVolatile fatty acidsAbsorptionPortal-drained visceraSheep
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 89 , Issue 5 , May 2003 , pp. 649 - 666
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2003

References

Backwell, FRC, Hipolito-Reis, M, Wilson, D, Bruce, LA, Buchan, V & MacRae, JC (1997) Quantification of circulating peptides and assessment of peptide uptake across the gastrointestinal tract of sheep. Journal of Animal Sciences 75 3315–3322.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Balcells, J, Deal, CJ & Parker, DS (1995) Effect of intravenous glucose infusion on metabolism of the portal-drained viscera in sheep fed a cereal/straw-based diet. Journal of Animal Science 73 2146–2155.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barnes, RJ, Comline, RS & Dobson, A (1983) Changes in the blood flow to the digestive organs of the sheep induced by feeding. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Physiology 68 77–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bergman, EN (1990) Energy contributions of volatile fatty acids from the gastrointestinal tract in various species. Physiological Reviews 70 567–590.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bernard, L, Backwell, CFR, Rémond, D, Wilson, D, Bruce, LA, Buchan, V & MacRae, JC (2002) Effect of the methodology on circulating peptides determination and consequences on net flux measurements across the gastrointestinal tract of sheep. Archives of Animal Nutrition 56 13–21.Google ScholarPubMed
Bernard, L, Chauveau, B & Rémond, D (2001) Effect of methodology on peptide amino acid concentrations in blood and plasma of sheep. Archives of Animal Nutrition 54 281–296.Google ScholarPubMed
Berthiaume, R, Dubreuil, P, Stevenson, M, McBride, BW & Lapierre, H (2001) Intestinal disappearance and mesenteric and portal appearance of amino acids in dairy cows fed ruminally protected methionine. Journal of Dairy Science 84 194–203.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Caton, JS, Reynolds, CK, Bequett, BJ, Lupoli, B, Aikman, PC & Humphries, DJ (2001) Effect of abomasal casein or essential amino acids infusion on splanchnic leucine and phenylalanine metabolism in lactating dairy cows. Journal of Animal Science 79, Suppl. 1, 363.Google Scholar
Early, RJ, Thompson, JR, Christopherson, RJ & Sedgwich, GW (1987) Blood branched-chain amino and α-keto acid concentrations and net exchange across the portal-drained viscera and hindlimb of fed and fasted ruminants. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 67 1011–1020.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Faichney, GJ (1980) The use of markers to measure digesta flow from the stomach of sheep fed once daily. Journal of Agricultural Science (Cambridge) 94 313–318.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gabel, M & Poppe, S (1986) Untersuchungen zum protein und aminosäurenumsatz im verdauungstrakt bei wachenden jungbullen. 5. Fluss von Aminosäuren ins duodenum (Investigations into protein and amino acid conversion in the digestive tract with conscious young bulls. 5. Flow of amino acids in the duodenum). Archiv für Tierernahrung, Berlin 36 420–454.Google Scholar
Gate, JJ, Parker, DS & Lobley, GE (1999) The metabolic fate of the amido-N group of glutamine in the tissues of the gastrointestinal tract in 24 h-fasted sheep. British Journal of Nutrition 81 297–306.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hamza, AN (1976) The rate of secretion by sheep pancreas and the amino acid composition of the pancreatic juice. Nutrition Reports International 14 79–87.Google Scholar
Han, XT, Nozière, P, Rémond, D, Chabrot, J & Doreau, M (2002) Respective effects of nutrient supply and dietary bulk on O2 uptake and nutrient net fluxes across rumen, mesenteric- and portal-drained viscera in ewes. Journal of Animal Science 80 1362–1375.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Han, XT, Xue, B, Hu, LH & Du, JZ (2001) Effect of dietary protein degradability on net fluxes of free and peptide amino acids across the portal-drained viscera of steers. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 137 471–481.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heitmann, RN & Bergman, EN (1978) Glutamine metabolism, interorgan transport, and glucogenicity in the sheep. American Journal of Physiology 234 E197–E203.Google ScholarPubMed
Kennedy, PM & Milligan, LP (1980) Input of endogenous protein into the forestomachs of sheep. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 60 1029–1032.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koeln, LL, Schlagheck, TG & Webb, KE (1993) Amino acid flux across the gastrointestinal tract and liver of calves. Journal of Dairy Science 76 2275–2285.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kowalik, B, Kowalczyk, J, Pajak, JJ, Zebrowska, T & Dlugolecka, Z (2001). The influence of dietary starch level and type on the activity of pancreatic digestive enzymes in sheep. Journal of Animal Feed Science 10 57–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kristensen, NB, Danfaer, A & Agergaard, N (1996) Diurnal patterns of ruminal concentrations and portal appearance rates of short-chain fatty acids in sheep fed a hay or a concentrate/straw diet in two meals daily. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica 46A 227–238.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kristensen, NB, Gabel, G, Pierzynowski, SG & Danfaer, A (2000 a) Portal recovery of short-chain fatty acids infused into the temporarily-isolated and washed reticulo-rumen of sheep. British Journal of Nutrition 84 477–482.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kristensen, NB, Pierzynowski, SG & Danfaer, A (2000 b) Portal-drained visceral metabolism of 3-hydroxybutyrate in sheep. Journal of Animal Science 78 2223–2228.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lindsay, DB (1993) Metabolism of the portal drained viscera. In Quantitative Aspects of Ruminant Digestion and Metabolism, pp. 267–289 [Forbes, JM and France, J, editors]. Wallingford, Oxon: CAB International.Google Scholar
Lobley, G, Connell, A, Lomax, MA, Brown, DS, Milne, E, Calder, AG & Farningham, DAH (1995) Hepatic detoxification of ammonia in the ovine liver: possible consequences for amino acid catabolism. British Journal of Nutrition 73 667–685.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
MacRae, JC, Bruce, LA, Brown, DS & Calder, G (1997 a) Amino acid use by the gastrointestinal tract of sheep given lucerne forage. American Journal of Physiology 273 G1200–G1207.Google ScholarPubMed
MacRae, JC, Bruce, LA, Brown, DS, Farningham, DAH & Franklin, M (1997 b) Absorption of amino acids from the intestine and their net flux across the mesenteric- and portal-drained viscera in lambs. Journal of Animal Science 75 3307–3314.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Milano, GD & Lobley, GE (2001) Liver nitrogen movements during short-term infusion of high levels of ammonia into the mesenteric vein of sheep. British Journal of Nutrition 86 507–513.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Neutze, SA, Oddy, VH & Gooden, JM (1994) A cranial mesenteric vein preparation for measurement of amino acid uptake by lambs. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 122 309–314.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nozière, P, Martin, C, Rémond, D, Kristensen, NB, Bernard, R & Doreau, M (2000 a) Effect of composition of ruminally-infused short-chain fatty acids on net fluxes of nutrients across portal-drained viscera in underfed ewes. British Journal of Nutrition 83 521–531.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nozière, P, Rémond, D, Bernard, L & Doreau, M (2000 b) Effect of underfeeding on metabolism of portal-drained viscera in ewes. British Journal of Nutrition 84 821–828.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ortigues, I & Visseiche, AL (1995) Whole body fuel selection in ruminants: nutrient supply and utilization by major tissues. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 54 235–251.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Piccioli Cappelli, F, Seal, CJ & Parker, DS (1997) Glucose and [13C]leucine metabolism by the portal-drained viscera of sheep fed on dried grass with acute intravenous and intraduodenal infusions of glucose. British Journal of Nutrition 78 931–946.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prior, LR, Huntington, GB & Britton, RA (1981) Influence of diet on amino acid absorption in beef cattle and sheep. Journal of Nutrition 111 2212–2222.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reeds, PJ, Burrin, DG, Stoll, BB, Jahor, F, Wykes, L, Henty, J & Frazer, ME (1997) Enteral glutamate is the preferential source for mucosal glutathione synthesis in fed piglets. American Journal of Physiology 273 E408–E415.Google ScholarPubMed
Rémond, D, Bernard, L & Poncet, C (2000 a) Amino acid flux in ruminal and gastric veins of sheep: effects of ruminal and omasal injections of free amino acids and carnosine. Journal of Animal Science 78 158–166.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rémond, D, Bernard, L & Poncet, C (2000 b) Free and peptide amino acid net flux across the rumen and the mesenteric- and portal-drained viscera of sheep. Journal of Animal Science 78 1960–1972.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rémond, D, Chaise, JP, Delval, E & Poncet, C (1993 a) Net flux of metabolites across the ruminal wall of sheep fed twice a day with orchardgrass hay. Journal of Animal Science 71 2529–2538.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rémond, D, Chaise, JP, Delval, E & Poncet, C (1993 b) Net transfer of urea and ammonia across the ruminal wall of sheep. Journal of Animal Science 71 2785–2792.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rémond, D, Nozière, P & Poncet, C (2002) Effect of time of starch supply to the rumen on the dynamics of urea and ammonia net flux across the rumen wall of sheep. Animal Research 51 3–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rémond, D, Ortigues, I, Isserty, A & Lefaivre, J (1998) Technical note: measuring portal blood flow in sheep using an ultrasonic transit time flow probe. Journal of Animal Science 76 2712–2716.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reynolds, CK, Bequette, BJ, Caton, JS, Humphries, DJ, Aikman, PC, Lupoli, B & Sutton, JD (2001) Effect of intake and lactation on absorption and metabolism of leucine and phenylalanine by splanchnic tissues of dairy cows. Journal of Animal Science 79, Suppl. 1, 362.Google Scholar
Seal, CJ & Parker, DS (1996) Effect of intraruminal propionic acid infusion on metabolism of mesenteric- and portal-drained viscera in growing steers fed a forage diet: II. Ammonia, urea, amino acids and peptides. Journal of Animal Science 74 245–256.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Seal, CJ & Reynolds, CK (1993) Nutritional implications of gastrointestinal and liver metabolism in ruminants. Nutrition Research Reviews 6 185–208.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Souffrant, WB (1991) Endogenous nitrogen losses during digestion in pigs. In Proceedings of the Vth International Symposium on Digestive Physiology in Pigs, pp. 147–166 [Verstegen, MWA, Huisman, J and Hartog, LA, editors]. Wageningen, The Netherlands: EAAP Publication, Pudoc.Google Scholar
Stoll, B, Burrin, DG, Henry, JF, Jahor, F & Reeds, PJ (1999) Dietary and systemic phenylalanine utilization for mucosal and hepatic constitutive protein synthesis in pigs. American Journal of Physiology 276 G49–G57.Google ScholarPubMed
Stoll, B, Henry, JF, Reeds, PJ, Yu, H, Jahor, F & Burrin, DG (1998) Catabolism dominates the first-pass intestinal metabolism of dietary essential amino acids in milk protein-fed piglets. Journal of Nutrition 128 606–614.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tagari, H & Bergman, EN (1978) Intestinal disappearance and portal blood appearance of amino acids in sheep. Journal of Nutrition 108 790–803.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Taschenov, KT, Varady, J, Boda, K & Fejes, J (1979) Role of bile and pancreatic juice in the secretion of endogenous nitrogen in the digestive tract of sheep. Archiv für Tierernahrung 29 477–486.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Bruchem, JV, Voigt, J, Lammers-Wienhoven, TSCW, Schonhusen, U, Ketelaars, JJM & Tamminga, S (1997) Secretion and reabsorption of endogenous protein along the small intestine of sheep: estimates derived from 15N dilution of plasma non-protein-N. British Journal of Nutrition 77 273–286.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weigand, E, Young, JW & McGilliard, AD (1975) Volatile fatty acid metabolism by rumen mucosa from cattle fed hay or grain. Journal of Dairy Science 58 1294–1300.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weston, RH & Hogan, JP (1968) The digestion of pasture plants by sheep: 1. Ruminal production of volatile fatty acids by sheep offered diets of ryegrass and forage oats. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 19 419–432.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weatherburn, MW (1967) Phenol-hypochlorite reaction for determination of ammonia. Analytical Chemistry 39 971–973.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whitt, J, Huntington, G, Zetina, E, Casse, E, Taniguchi, K & Potts, W (1996) Plasma flow and net nutrient flux across gut and liver of cattle fed twice daily. Journal of Animal Science 74 2450–2461.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Windmueller, HG & Spaeth, AE (1980) Respiratory fuels and nitrogen metabolism in vivo in small intestine of fed rat. Quantitative importance of glutamine, glutamate and aspartate. Journal of Biological Chemistry 255 107–112.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wu, G (1998) Intestinal mucosal amino acid catabolism. Journal of Nutrition 128 1249–1252.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yu, F, Bruce, LA, Calder, AG, Milne, E, Coop, RL, Jackson, F, Horgan, GW & MacRae, JC (2000) Subclinical infection with the nematode Trichostrongylus colubriformis increases gastrointestinal tract leucine metabolism and reduces availability of leucine for other tissues. Journal of Animal Science 78 380–390.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed