Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-skm99 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T02:26:56.963Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Cold-induced heat production preceding shivering

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 March 2007

Anne M. J. van Ooijen ,
Wouter D. van Marken Lichtenbelt ,
Anton A. van Steenhoven  and
Klaas R. Westerterp
Anne M. J. van Ooijen*
Affiliation:
Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
Wouter D. van Marken Lichtenbelt
Affiliation:
Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
Anton A. van Steenhoven
Affiliation:
Department of Energy Technology, University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
Klaas R. Westerterp
Affiliation:
Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
*
*Corresponding author: A. M. J. van Ooijen, fax +31 (0) 43 3670976, email m.vanooijen@HB.unimaas.nl
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Individual changes in heat production and body temperature were studied in response to cold exposure, prior to shivering. The subjects ten women (seven men) were of normal weight, had a mean age of 23 (SD 3) years and average BMI 22·2 (SD 1·6) Kg/m2. They were lying supine under thermoneutral conditions for 30 min and were subsequently exposed to air of 15°C until shivering occurred. Heat production was measured with a ventilated hood. Body composition was measured with underwater weighing and 2H dilution. Body temperatures were measured with thermistors. Heat production during cold exposure prior to shivering increased and reached a plateau. Skin temperature decreased and did not reach a plateau during the test period. The non-shivering interval (NSI) ranged from 20 to 148 min, was not related to body composition and was not significantly different between women (81 (sd 15) min) and men (84 (sd 34) min). NSI was negatively related to skin temperature (r2 0·44, P=0·004), and skin temperature was related to heat production (r2 0·39, P=0·007) In conclusion, subjects with a relatively large heat production during cold exposure maintained a relatively high skin temperature but showed a short NSI, independent of differences in body composition.

Keywords

Individual variationMetabolismNon-shivering intervalTemperature response
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 93 , Issue 3 , March 2005 , pp. 387 - 391
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2005

References

Adriaens, MP, Schoffelen, PF & Westerterp, KR (2003) Intra-individual variation of basal metabolic rate and the influence of daily habitual physical activity before testing. Br J Nutr 90, 419–423.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bell, DG, Tikuisis, P & Jacobs, I (1992) Relative intensity of muscular contraction during shivering. J Appl Physiol 72, 2336–2342.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Benzinger, TH (1969) Heat regulation: homeostasis of central temperature in man. Physiol Rev 49, 671–759.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Contaldo, F, Scalfi, L, Coltordi, A & Lanzilli, A (1986) Reduced cold-induced thermogenesis in familial human obesity. Klin Wochenschr 64, 177–180.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cunningham, DJ, Stolwijk, JA & Wenger, CB (1978) Comparative thermoregulatory responses of resting men and women. J Appl Physiol 45, 908–915.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dauncey, MJ (1981) Influence of mild cold on 24 h energy expenditure, resting metabolism and diet-induced thermogenesis. Br J Nutr 45, 257–267.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ellis, KJ (2000) Human body composition: in vivo methods. Physiol Rev 80, 649–680.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eyolfson, DA, Tikuisis, P, Xu, X, Weseen, G & Giesbrecht, GG (2001) Measurement and prediction of peak shivering intensity in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol 84, 100–106.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fiala, D, Lomas, KJ & Stohrer, M (2001) Computer prediction of human thermoregulatory and temperature responses to a wide range of environmental conditions. Int J Biometeorol 45, 143–159.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frank, SM, Raja, SN, Bulcao, CF & Goldstein, DS (1999) Relative contribution of core and cutaneous temperatures to thermal comfort and autonomic responses in humans. J Appl Physiol 86, 1588–1593.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gordon, CJ (2001) The therapeutic potential of regulated hypothermia. Emerg Med J 18, 81–89.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nedergaard, J, Golozoubova, V, Matthias, A, Asadi, A, Jacobsson, A & Cannon, B (2001) UCP1: the only protein able to mediate adaptive non-shivering thermogenesis and metabolic inefficiency. Biochim Biophys Acta 1504, 82–106.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Paolone, VJ & Paolone, AM (1995) Thermogenesis during rest and exercise in cold air. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 73, 1149–1153.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ramanathan, NL (1964) A new weighting system for mean surface temperature of the human body. J Appl Physiol 19, 531–533.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ravussin, E, Lillioja, S, Knowler, WC, Christin, L, Freymond, D, Abbott, WG, Howard, BW & Bogardus, C (1988) Reduced rate of energy expenditure as a risk factor for body-weight gain. N Engl J Med 318, 467–472.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Siri, WE (1961) Body composition from fluid spaces and density: analysis of methods. In Techniques for Measuring Body Composition, 223–244 [Brozek, J, Henschel, A, editors]. Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences.Google Scholar
Tikuisis, P (2003) Heat balance precedes stabilization of body temperatures during cold water immersion. J Appl Physiol 95, 89–96.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tikuisis, P, Bell, DG & Jacobs, I (1991) Shivering onset, metabolic response, and convective heat transfer during cold air exposure. J Appl Physiol 70, 1996–2002.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van Marken, Lichtenbelt, WD, Daanen HA (2003) Cold-induced metabolism. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 6, 469–475.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van Ooijen, AM, van Marken, Lichtenbelt, WD, van, Steenhoven, AA & Westerterp, KR (2004) Seasonal changes in metabolic and temperature responses to cold air in humans. Physiol Behav 82, 545–553.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vybiral, S, Lesna, I, Jansky, L & Zeman, V (2000) Thermoregulation in winter swimmers and physiological significance of human catecholamine thermogenesis. Exp Physiol 85, 321–326.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Warwick, PM & Busby, R (1990) Influence of mild cold on 24 h energy expenditure in ‘normally’ clothed adults. Br J Nutr 63, 481–488.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Webb, P (1995) The physiology of heat regulation. Am J Physiol 268, R838–R850.Google ScholarPubMed
Weir, JB (1990) New methods for calculating metabolic rate with special reference to protein metabolism. Nutrition 6, 213–221 1949 [classical article].Google ScholarPubMed
Westerterp, KR, Wouters, L, van Marken Lichtenbelt, WD (1995) The Maastricht protocol for the measurement of body composition and energy expenditure with labeled water. Obes Res 3, Suppl. 1. 49–57.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed