Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-qxdb6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T11:34:46.260Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Associations between spontaneous meal initiations and blood glucose dynamics in overweight men in negative energy balance

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Eva M. R. Kovacs ,
Margriet S. Westerterp-Plantenga ,
Wim H. M. Saris ,
Kathleen J. Melanson ,
Ine Goossens ,
Peter Geurten  and
Fred Brouns
Eva M. R. Kovacs*
Affiliation:
Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
Margriet S. Westerterp-Plantenga
Affiliation:
Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
Wim H. M. Saris
Affiliation:
Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
Kathleen J. Melanson
Affiliation:
Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
Ine Goossens
Affiliation:
Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
Peter Geurten
Affiliation:
Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
Fred Brouns
Affiliation:
Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
*
*Corresponding author: Eva M. R. Kovacs, fax +31 43 367 09 76, email e.kovacs@hb.unimaas.nl
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The aim of the present study was to investigate associations between spontaneous meal initiations and blood glucose dynamics in overweight male subjects in negative energy balance. In a randomized crossover design, fifteen overweight male subjects (BMI 28·6 (SD 1·8 kg/m2) participated in three treatments, each of which consisted of 2 weeks consuming a low-energy diet followed by a test of voluntary food ingestion in the absence of time-related cues. The low-energy diet consisted of three daily meals (947 kJ) which were either semi-solid with or without 2·5 g guar gum, or solid, and a dinner of subject's own choice. During the time-blinded test, on the first, second, and third meal initiation subjects ingested a low-energy meal corresponding to that used during the preceding weeks. Changes in blood glucose were monitored on-line. Associations between spontaneous meal initiations and blood glucose dynamics were determined using the χ2 test. No difference was found between treatments in the occurrence of postabsorptive and postprandial declines in blood glucose or in associations between meal initiations and blood glucose dynamics. Postprandial dynamic blood glucose declines were associated with meal initiation (χ2 26·8, P<0·001), but postabsorptive and postprandial transient declines were not. In overweight subjects, the usual association between transient declines and spontaneous meal initiation was completely absent in negative energy balance.

Keywords

Glucostatic theoryFood intake regulationLow-energy dietBlood glucose pattern
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 87 , Issue 1 , January 2002 , pp. 39 - 45
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2002

References

Björntorp, P (1972) Disturbances in the regulation of food intake. Obesity: anatomic and physiologic-biochemical observations. Advances in Psychosomatic Medicine 7, 116–127.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Campfield, LA, Brandon, P & Smith, FJ (1985) On-line continuous measurement of blood glucose and meal pattern in free-feeding rats: the role of glucose in meal initiation. Brain Research Bulletin 14, 605–616.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Campfield, LA & Smith, FJ (1986) Functional coupling between transient declines in blood glucose and feeding behavior: temporal relationships. Brain Research Bulletin 17, 427–433.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Campfield, LA & Smith, FJ (1990 a) Transient declines in blood glucose signal meal initiation. International Journal of Obesity 14, 15–33.Google ScholarPubMed
Campfield, LA & Smith, FJ (1990 b) Systemic factors in the control of food intake: evidence for patterns as signals. In Handbook of Behavioral Neurobiology: Neurobiology of Food and Fluid Intake, pp. 183–206 [Stricker, EM, editor]. New York NY: Plenum Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Campfield, LA, Smith, FJ, Rosenbaum, M & Hirsch, J (1996) Human eating: evidence for a physiological basis using a modified paradigm. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 20, 133–137.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Flatt, JP (1981) Is food intake regulation based on signals arising in carbohydrate metabolism inherently inadequate for accurate regulation of energy balance on high-fat diets? Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4, 581–583.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flatt, JP (1996) Carbohydrate balance and body weight regulation. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 55, 449–465.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Herman, CP & Polivy, J (1980) Restrained eating. In Obesity, pp. 208–225 [Stunkard, AJ, editor]. Philadelphia, PA: W.B. Saunders.Google Scholar
Kovacs, EMR, Westerterp-Plantenga, MS, Saris, WHM, Goossens, I, Geurten, P & Brouns, F (2001) The effect of addition of modified guar gum to a low-energy semisolid meal on appetite and body weight loss. International Journal of Obesity 25, 307–315.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Langhans, W (1999) Metabolic control of food intake. Role of the liver. In Regulation of Food Intake and Energy Expenditure, pp. 185–199 [Westerterp-Plantenga, MS, Steffens, AB and Tremblay, A, editors]. Milano: Edra.Google Scholar
Louis-Sylvestre, J & Le Magnen, J (1980) A fall in blood glucose level precedes meal onset in free feeding rats. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 4, 13–15.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mayer, J (1953) Glucostatic mechanisms in the regulation of food intake. New England Journal of Medicine 249, 13–16.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Melanson, KJ, Westerterp-Plantenga, MS, Campfield, LA & Saris, WHM (1999 a) Blood glucose and meal patterns in time-blinded males, after aspartame, carbohydrate, and fat consumption, in relation to sweetness perception. British Journal of Nutrition 82, 437–446.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Melanson, KJ, Westerterp-Plantenga, MS, Campfield, LA & Saris, WHM (1999 b) Appetite and blood glucose profiles in humans following glycogen-depleting exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology 87, 947–954.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Melanson, KJ, Westerterp-Plantenga, MS, Smith, FJ, Campfield, LA & Saris, WHM (1999 c) Blood glucose patterns and appetite in time-blinded humans: carbohydrate versus fat. American Journal of Physiology 277, R337–R345.Google ScholarPubMed
Parker, RE (1986) Introductory Statistics for Biology, pp. 43–54 [Arnold, E, editor]. Southampton: The Camelot Press.Google Scholar
Pollack, CP, Green, J & Smith, GP (1989) Blood glucose prior to meal request in humans isolated from all temporal cues. Physiology and Behavior 49, 529–534.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schoeller, DA, van Santen, E, Peterson, DW, Diez, W, Jaspan, J & Klein, PD (1980) Total body water measurement in humans with 18O and 2H labeled water. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 33, 2686–2693.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, FJ & Campfield, LA (1993) Meal initiation occurs after experimental induction of transient declines in blood glucose. American Journal of Physiology 265, R1423–R1429.Google ScholarPubMed
Steffens, AB (1970) Plasma insulin content in relation to blood glucose level and meal pattern in the normal and hypothalamic hyperphagic rat. Physiology and Behavior 5, 147–151.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stunkard, AJ & Messick, S (1985) The three-factor eating questionnaire to measure dietary restraint, disinhibition, and hunger. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 29, 71–83.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
van Itallie, TB (1990) The glucostatic theory 1953–1988: roots and branches. International Journal of Obesity 14, suppl. 3, 1–10.Google ScholarPubMed
van Marken Lichtenbelt, WD, Westerterp, KR & Wouters, L (1994) Deuterium dilution as a method for determining total body water: effect of test protocol and sampling time. British Journal of Nutrition 72, 491–497.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Westerterp-Plantenga, MS, Kempen, KPG & Saris, WHM (1998) Determinants of weight maintenance in women after diet-induced weight reduction. International Journal of Obesity 22, 1–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Westerterp-Plantenga, MS, Rolland, V, Wilson, SAJ & Westerterp, KR (1999) Satiety related to 24h diet-induced thermogenesis during high protein/carbohydrate vs high fat diets measured in a respiration chamber. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 53, 1–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar