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Benedictine Opposition to Bishop Richard Smith (1625—1629)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 May 2017

Maurus Lunn
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Extract

The Catholic clergy in post-Reformation England have often, it must be confessed, behaved more like flamingoes than croquet mallets, especially in the seemingly endemic disputes between the secular priests and the regulars. Some men are islands, and because Richard Smith was one of these, the dispute that centred on his personality became a precedent for at least one major quarrel that followed it. This being so, it may be worth recording the fact that the Benedictines, not the Jesuits, had the dusty glory of assuming the lion's share of opposition to the Bishop for the first five years of this dispute.

The Smith dispute itself was not without parentage, for its antecedents go back to the Appellant conflict of the 1590s, to the controversy between a section of the secular clergy and the Jesuits over the Oath of Allegiance (1606) and to the demand for the creation of bishops in England (1607-23). A party among the Benedictines favoured the Oath, against the Jesuits, and other monks supported the plea for bishops. But in time the Benedictine majority committed itself against the Oath. And in 1611-12 there was a curious anticipation of the Smith affair, in which high words were exchanged between Archpriest George Birkhead and Thomas Preston (for the Cassinese Benedictines) concerning the jurisdiction of the former over a delinquent monk. But the Anglo-Spanish monks supported Birkhead.

Type
Research Article
Information
British Catholic History , Volume 11 , Issue 1 , January 1971 , pp. 1 - 20
Copyright
Copyright © Catholic Record Society 1971

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References

Notes

Old Style/New Style. I have presumed that documents written from the continent are dated according to New Style, and in the case of one written from England, I have only guessed at a correction when it directly affects a precise date in the text of the article.

1 See for example Vatican Archives (=VA), Nunziatura d'Inghilterra 22/23-24: ‘Sanctissimo D. Nostro Benedicto XIV una cum congregatione particulari per SS. deputata. Anglicana. Pro superioribus regularibus missionum, ac earum missionariis. Summarium.’ This collection draws largely on precedents from the Smith affair.

2 Hughes, Philip, Rome and the Counter-Reformation in England, London, 1942, pp. 312-14Google Scholar. Mgr Hughes was unable to consult the Archives of the Archbishop of Westminster (=AAW) or to read Barlow's Epistola, and his findings need altering in places.

3 Tierney, M. A., ed., Dodd, C., Church History of England, 5 vols, London, 1839 Google Scholar (=T-D) V, xx: Bradshaw to N. Fitzherbert, 7 August 1607; Kaiser, J. B. and Berliere, U., ‘Le Cardinal de Givry et les monasteres Bénédictins’, Revue Bénédictine 1930, 345; Bradshaw to de Givry, 18 August 1607Google Scholar.

4 Lunn, M., ‘English Benedictines and the Oath of Allegiance, 1606-47’, Recusant History (=RH) 10, 1969, 146-63CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

5 T-D IV, clxxii: G. Birkhead to T. More, 30 May 1611; ibid., clxxvii: J. Mush to —, 19 August 1611; AAW 10/413-15: Birkhead to More, 18 November 1611; /441-42: same to same, 15 December 1611; /361: Bradshaw to More, 25 September 1611; 11/243: same to same, 22 May 1612.

6 Hughes, op. cit., p. 320. For Bennett and Harrison see G. Anstruther, The Seminary Priests, Ware, 1969, s.vv.

7 AAW, Series B, 25/66 and T-D V, 88, n.2: Barlow and Jones to Bennett 20 September 1622.

8 AAWB 25/72: Robertus de Sta Maria (Haddock), attestation, [1622/3]. For biographies see McCann, J. and Connolly, R. H., edd. Father Augustine Baker, Catholic Record Society, Vol. 33, 1933 Google Scholar.

9 AAW 16/295: Bennett, attestation [1622/3]; Barlow, Epistola, 2 ed., Douai, 1628, pp. 6-7. See also T-D IV, cclxxv: Barlow to Bishop, 15 June 1623.

10 Hughes, op. cit., pp. 322-25.

11 E. H. Burton and T. L. Williams, edd. The Douay College Diaries, CRS 10, 224-28 and 401-05 (translation): Breviarium rerum gestarum P.M. R.Dni Gulielmi Bishopi Chalcedonensis primi post schisma Angliae et Scotiae Ordinarii. Slightly different versions are in AAWB 26/31, 32.

12 Douai Abbey Archives, B. Weldon, ‘Memorials’, 2 vols, 1707 (=Weldon) 11, 93.

13 Archives of Propaganda, Scritture originali riferite nelle Congregazioni Generali (=AP, SOCG) 347/15-17: ‘Canones Ecclesiastici ad pacem et disciplinam inter clerum secularem et monachos Benedictinos conservandas a Rmo. in Xto Patre et Dno. Dno. Gulielmi epo. Chalcedon. propositi’, 29 November 1623. Other copies: AAW 17/177-80 and 20/393.

14 AAW 17/189: Bishop to T. Rant, 29 December O.S. 1623.

15 Hughes, op. cit., pp. 324-5.

16 AP, SOCG 347/18 and AAW 17/269-70: Barlow to Bishop, 15 January 1624.

17 Archivum Romanum Societatis Iesu (=ARSI), Anglia 32/428, 429: ‘Capita praecipua articulorum inter Rmum. D. Episcopum Calcedonensem, et Venerabilem ordinem Sti Benedicti’, n.d. See AAW 19/253: Instructions to the clergy agent [Blacklo?], n.d.

18 VA, Nunziaturadi Francia 416/659: ‘de rebus Catholicorum in Anglia’ … 24 June 1624; /600: letter from England, 15 August O.S. [1624]; /618: another letter, 10 September 1624 (all copied in Cecil's hand).

19 AP, SOCG 347/356v-59v: Ingoli, ‘Discorso circa il capitolo d'Inghilterra’, 26 March 1647.

20 AAW 23/27: ‘Consideration del Secretorio circa lo stato de’ Cattolici e missioni d'Inghilterra’, n.d.

21 He took part in agreements of 4 May 1623 and 17 November 1635.

22 T-D IV, cclxviii: Peter Fitton to J. Bennett, 3 July 1623.

23 Ibid., 97-99, 100, 104, 108, cclxxix-cclxxx; CRS 10, 149-76, 229-30, 373-87; W. Kelly, ed., Liber Ruber, CRS 37, 186-99; AP, SOCG 347/69-125; ibid., 101/11: Smith to Propaganda, 7 September 1625; Birmingham Archdiocesan Archives A. 966B: Propaganda, decree of 17 April 1624; Guilday, P., English Catholic Refugees, London, 1914, p. 230 Google Scholar; Beales, A. C. F., Education under Penalty, London, 1963, pp. 142-44Google Scholar.

24 Downside Abbey Archives: ‘Liber Graduum’, pp. 72, 74, 78, 80, 90, 91, 94, 103, 107; N. Birt, Obit Book of the English Benedictines, Edinburgh, 1913, s.vv. But see AAW 17/137-38: ‘Some regulars of small ability’, n.d.

25 AP, Acta 3, cong. 42, no. 14, p. 257: 5 September 1625; VA, Francia 416/224-30: R. Blount to (Nuncio in Paris, late 1625/early 1626).

26 AAWB 25/102 ff: T. Rant, notes and extracts from letters, December 1623—April 1625.

27 A. F. Allison, ‘Richard Smith, Richelieu and the French Marriage’, RH 7, 1963-64, 148-211.

28 AP, SOCG 347/135-36 and Prynne, W., The Popish Royall Favourite, 1643, pp. 62–63:Google Scholar Barlow to Propaganda, 12 December 1624.

23 Barlow, Epistola, 2 ed., Douai, 1628, pp. 7-8: Bandino to Barlow, 8 February 1625.

30 Beales, op. cit., pp. 188-92.

31 AAWB 47/40: Bonifacio de San Facundo to [Rant?], 9 February 1625.

32 Reyner, C., ed. Apostolatus Benedictinorum in Anglia, Douai, 1626 Google Scholar: Script. XXVI: General de Castro confirms the union, 4th April 1619.

33 Ibid., Script. XXV; CRS 33, 178, 225. For this reason the Cassinese refused to join the union.

34 Ibid., 198, 204, 208, 210, 213, 257.

35 E. Maihew, Congregationis Anglicanae Ordinis Sanctissimi Patriarchal Benedicti Trophaea. 4 vols. Rheims, 1619-25.

36 AAW 16/127-34: L. Jones to Sanseverino, 6 July 1620.

37 Ampleforth Abbey Archives: A. Allanson, ‘Acts of General Chapter’, 2 vols (1850) 1, under 3, 16, and 17 July 1621.

38 Weldon I, 599: Pacheco to the E.B.C. Regimen; Reyner, Apostolatus, Script. XXXIII: Pacheco, mandate, both 24 October 1621; Weldon II, 635: Barlow to the E.B.C, 13 January 1622.

39 Chaussy, Y., Les Binidictins Anglais, Paris 1967 Google Scholar, chap. 4; Barnes, J., Examen Trophaeorum congregationis praetensae anglicanae Ordinis S. Benedicti, Rheims, 1622 Google Scholar. The only known copy, which is incomplete, is in the Bibliothèque Nationale.

40 Reyner, Apostolatus, 2/5-7.

41 AAW 22/469: Instructions for John Bosevile, 24 July 1628; English College, Rome, Scritture 2. 10: ‘Vera Informatio circa Sacerdotes Missionarios in Anglia’, 1627.

42 Allanson, ‘Acts’, under 14 July 1629.

43 Vatican Library (=VL), Barb. 2749/33: [W. Johnson?], ‘De rebus Benedictinorum Anglorum’, [c. 1637].

44 M. Lunn, ‘William Rudesind Barlow, O.S.B., 1585-1656’, Downside Review 86, 1968, 235.

45 VL, Barb. 2749/33.

43 Weldon I, 128-31.

47 Ibid., 725-65.

48 See Allanson, ‘Acts’, 14 July 1629.

49 Barlow, Epistola, 2 ed., Douai, 1628, p. 10; VA, Francia 412/193: petition for the EBC, [1625?]; AP Acta 4, cong. 62, no. 7, p. 106: 13 August 1626.

50 Chaussy, op. cit., chap. v.

51 AAWB 47/29: Letters and recorded conversations, 1624-May 1625.

52 AAW 21/299: ‘Propositiones P. Bedae’. The Chapter Acts are lost, but at least it is known that Helme was at the Chapter.

53 AAW 22/229: J. Melling to Smith, 5 April 1628. The Superior was the Northern Provincial, Robert Haddock. See M. Lunn, ‘Two other new Benedictine Saints’, The Ampleforth Journal 75, 1970, 390-4.

54 To More, 18 December 1624, quoted by L. Hicks, CRS 41, 45-46 n. 3.

55 AAWB 47/10: same to same, 13 February 1625.

56 Barlow, Epistola, 2 ed., pp. 9-10; AAW 20/441-52: Jones to [Bentivoglio?], 20 September 1627.

57 AAWB 47/10: Smith to More, 13 February 1625.

58 Pollen, ed. CRS 1, 100: Southcote's Diary.

59 Public Records Office, State Papers Domestic, Charles I (=PRO, SP 16) 1/86: notarial attestation of the publication of the Brief, 26 April/6 May 1625; ibid., 99/182: ‘A Paralell…’ [1628]; AAW 20/261: Smith, instructions to Blacklo, 18 April 1627.

60 Hughes, op. cit., pp. 334, 351.

61 PRO, SP 16/99/124: Letter of the three regulars, 10 November 1627. On the definition of ‘approbation’ see Hughes, op. cit., pp. 347-9.

62 British Museum (=BM), Harleian 4147/2: ‘A Survey …’ 1629.

63 AP, SOCG 101/3-4v: Smith to Blacklo, 29 March O.S. [1626]; ibid., Acta 4, pp. 11, 20, 70v, 117; VA, Francia 416/633: Blount to Spada, 6 March 1626.

64 AP, SOCG 129/349-50v: Codner to Ingoli 18 January 1627 (Hughes has 10 January). See also VA, Francia 67/87 ff: more correspondence, Codner to the Nuncio in Paris (copies in VL, Barb. 6095/223-26).

65 AAWB 48/37: Smith to Rant, 8 August [1627]; PRO, SP 16/74/106: Codner and Preston, letter to Rome, 1/24 August 1627.

66 Ibid., 99/123: letter of the three regulars, 10 November 1627.

67 Ibid., 59/80: Smith to Prater, 8 April 1627.

68 AAW 22/119: a narrative of the controversy, c. 17 February 1628; VL, Barb. 8619/133-34: Smith, attestation, 28 July 1628; Mount Street, Gillow Library: Montague, ‘Apologeticall Answere’, 30 October 1628, pp. 328-29.

69 PRO, SP 16/99/131: letter of the three regulars, 10 November 1627.

70 Stanfield, ed. The Archpriest Controversy, CRS 22, 153: Smith to the lay Catholics, 16 October 1627; AAW 22/547: Smith, attestation, 3 August 1628.

71 PRO, SP 16/99/144-46: letter of the three regulars, 10 November 1627.

72 PRO, SP 16/100/41: [J. Brightwood?] to Blacklo, 4 April 1628.

73 Foley, , Records of the English Province of the Society of Jesus, 7 vols, London, 1877-83, (= Foley) I, 677.Google Scholar

74 AAW 20/601: ‘An Information concerning the regulars’ … 23 November 1627. Price was captured and put in the Clink, Preston's prison (Foley I, 123; AAW 22/399: G. Gage, attestation, 28 June 1628). Price was not the author of the pro-Smith tract, Manifestatio circa Declarationem Jesuitarum, Cologne, 1631, attributed to him by Gillow and Hughes.

75 AAW 23/173: ‘Opinio cujusdam laicj’ … n.d; VA, Ingh, 6/115-23: Con to Barberini, 1 January 1637.

76 ARSI, Anglia 32/400-03v and 370-71v: Smith, instructions and letter to Blacklo, 26 and 29 April 1627. Another copy: PRO, SP 16/61/43.

77 AAW 20/601: ‘An Information’ … 23 November 1627; Mount Street, Gillow Library: Montague, ‘Apologeticall Answere’, pp. 79, 149-50, 154.

78 E.g. PRO, SP 16/74/106: Codner-Preston, letter to Rome, 1/24 August 1627; ibid., 99/148: letter of the three regulars, 10 November 1627.

79 AP, SOCG Memoriali dell'Anno 1627, 387/194, 201v: petition to Propaganda, (received) 5 June 1627; Acta 4, cong. 76, no. 10, p. 230: 5 June 1627. The decree arrived in England in July (SOCG 102/7-8: reply of Colleton and others, 1 August 1627), thus giving rise to confusion about its date in the regulars’ minds (e.g. Barlow, Epistola, pp. 22-23).

80 AAW 20/347: Bagshaw in Rome to Barlow [c. July 1627].

81 AP, SOCG 347/656v-659v: Ingoli, ‘Discorso circa il capitolo d'Inghilterra’, 26 March 1647.

82 The next two petitions on the case (SOCG, Memoriali dell'Anno 1627, 387/275, 280v. and 283, 288v: from the seculars and the E.B.C. respectively) were referred to the Holy Office (AP, Acta 4, cong. 80, no. 11, p. 277v: 28 August 1627).

83 Copies: PRO, SP 16/74/106: Codner-Preston, letter to Rome, 1/24 August 1627, nos, 39. 42 (English); ARSI, Anglia 32/358 and Barlow, Epistola, pp. 187-91 (Latin); AP, SOCG 347/261-64v (Italian).

84 VL, Barb. 5222/6: Panzani, ‘Relazione…’ 1637; Mount Street, Gillow Library: Montague ‘Apologeticall Answere … ’ pp. 460-5.

85 PRO, SP 16/99/95-106: N.N., ‘Certaine observations’ [1628?]; CRS 22, 148-58: Smith to the laity, 16 October 1627.

86 I am indebted for this point to a conversation with Mr Anthony Allison.

87 VL, Barb. 8619/131-32: Testimony of Henry Browne, 28 May 1628.

88 ARSI, Anglia 32/413: Attestation of Sherwood and Harper, with an authentification by Barlow dated 6 October 1627.

89 Mount Street, Gillow Library: Montague, ‘Apologeticall Answere … ’ pp. 511-12, 528-50.

90 PRO, SP 16/74/106: D.[on] D.[avid] to the Abbot of St Paul's, Rome (?), 1/24 August 1627 (English version from the Italian). Another: AAW 20/399-418. The English version is more complete than the Italian ‘Compendio … ’ (AP, SOCG 347/198) quoted by Hughes, which adds a section on Michael Godfrey, the Cassinese spy, for the benefit of readers among the Italian Cassinese, who venerated him. See E. Gattola, Historia Abbatiae Cassinensis, 4 vols, Venice, 1733, Suppl. II, 753-4.

91 AAW 20/501: ‘Notes if the Auditor come’, c. 9 October 1627; G. Farrar, notarial act, 3 August 1628.

92 VL, Barb. 8619/118: Codner to Barberini, 11 March 1641/2.

93 AAWB 47/7: Smith, ‘Status Catholicae religionis in Anglia circa finem Anni 1632’.

94 No. 54, point 6. Copies of this section, made by the seculars: AAW 21/587, 639. For this Codner was expelled from the household of Montague (AAW 21/379; 22/13, 97: Codner to Montague and reply, 25 and 30 January 1628; and F. Cape to —, 1/10 February 1627-28). John Sergeant incorrectly implied that Barlow had made this invitation (An account of the Chapter … ed. W. Turnbull, 1853, pp. 54-55).

95 PRO (Venetian Transcripts), 31/14/154: ‘A breefe Answere to the cheefest objections which some Regulars make against the demandinge of the Bishopp of Chalcedon his approbation, Sent back to the party from whence it came with a briefe Replie … ’ by D.S. [1628]. See AAW 22/481: Bosevile's dossier [July 1628].

96 Barlow, Epistola, pp. 11-18: E.B.C. missioners to the Regimen, ‘Factum Reverendissimi Chalcedonensis’, n.d.

97 AAW 20/441-52: Jones to ‘Illustrissime … Patrone amantissime’, 20 September 1627.

98 AAW 20/463: Barlow and Jones, manifesto, 30 September 1627 (3 copies).

99 There is a copy in the library of Dr David Rogers and an early MS. copy in VA, Francia 412/194-252: 1 October 1627. It was copied verbatim into the two published editions, but lacks their added approbations, etc. I wish to correct in these pages some errors in my article on Barlow in Downside Review 86, 1968, 151 ff.

100 AAW23/39: ‘Notaeinlitteras P. Rudesindi’ [c. 12 May 1629]; Old Brotherhood Archives (=OBA) I, 107: ‘Synopsis libelli R.P. Rudesindi … ’ [1628-29] by E.R. Panzani attr. the latter to Smith (VL, Barb. 5222/8).

101 AAW 20/499: Henry Good to [Smith?] 2 October 1627; ibid., 501: ‘Notes if the Auditor come’, 9 October 1627.

102 Rome, English College, Scritture 2. 10: ‘Vera Informatio circa Sacerdotes Missionaries in Anglia’ [after October 1627]; AP, SOCG 102/1-4: ‘Vera Relatio de modo agendi Episcopi Chalcedonsis et quorundam Regularium in Anglia … ’ [October/November 1627].

103 CRS 22, 148-58.

104 CRS 22, 156-57: [Sir Thomas Brudenal and others] to Smith, delivered 25 November 1627; pp. 157-8: Smith to the laymen, 2 December—not October—1627; ARSI, Anglia 32/352: A.B. to Th. F., 25 November 1627; Berkshire Record Office: Trumbull Add. MSS. 20/29: Viscount Montague, ‘An Answer … to … A.B.’ [19 June] 1628; Mount Street. Gillow Library: Montague, ‘An Apologeticall Answere … ’ 30 October 1628.

105 ARSI, Anglia 32/392: news from London, 21 November 1627. ‘His nuper et suo et ceterorum Regularium nomine respondent Patres Sti Benedicti.’

106 PRO, SP 16/99/123-48, which has 10 December as the date of delivery. The lists in AAW 23/5 and 7 have 25 November and 14 December respectively. Montague has 10 November (MS. cit., p. 78) with AAW 20/657 and 21/641.

107 PRO, SP 16/74/106: Codner-Preston, letter to Rome, 1/24 August 1627, para. 38.

108 VL, Barb. 5222/8: Panzani, ‘Relazione … ’ 1637.

109 BM, Harl. 4147/2: ‘A Survey of the Answer to the Bishop of Chalcedon his letter to the laie Catholicks of England sent by hym by the heads of the three Regular Orders in England’, 1629. Another copy: AAWF 4.

110 AAW 21/581: ‘Some of the ill-sounding Propositions of the three Regulars…’ [1627-28].

111 AAW 21/165; ibid. 51-54: William Johnson to Norton, 27 December 1627; ibid. 349: ‘Propositiones quaedam illustris cujusdam viri’; ibid. 155: ‘Assertiones aliquae Revmo. deferendae’.

Ibid. 299: ‘Propositiones P. Bedae’.

113 AAW 20/601-02: ‘An Information … ’ 23 November 1627.

114 VL, Barb. 8619/147-8: Carlo Scotti to Urban VIII [late 1627J.

115 Partially printed in VA, Inghilterra 22/23-24 from the Holy Office, Anglicana 9: 16 December 1627. Dodd, Church History of England, 3 vols, Wolverhampton, 1737-42, III, 17-18, prints the gist of it. An account dating from the time of Innocent X has 27 December 1627 (Rome, English College, Scritture 2.11, no. 16).

116 Montague, ‘Apologeticall Answere’, pp. 646-7.

117 ARSI, Anglia 32/407: Smith to [Blount], c. January 1628; AAW 22/19: Fitton to Smith, 26 January 1628; Montague, MS. cit., p. 622: Trollope to Farrar, 6 March 1628; AAW 22/219: Farrar to Blacklo, 28 March 1628.

118 AAW 23/39: ‘Notae in litteras R. P. Rudesindi’ [c. 12 May 1629].

119 Montague, MS. cit., pp. 646-7.

120 Barlow, Epistola, pp. 274-99: Barlow—di Bagno correspondence, 11 January to May 1628. On the Paris Nuncio's special position of responsibility for the English Catholics see A. Leman, Recueil des Instructions Générales aux nonces ordinaires de France de 1624 à 1634, Lille-Paris, 1919, p. 45, n.l.

121 OBA 1,110: E.R. [Smith?], ‘Synopsis libelli’: di Bagno to a nobleman in England, 2 August 1627.

122 AP, SOCG 102/1-4: ‘Vera Relatio … ’ [October-November 1627].

123 OBA I, 105: di Bagno to Barlow, 5 March 1628.

124 AAW 22/19: Fitton to Smith, 26 January 1628.

125 Dodd, op. cit., Ill, 138: Smith, general approbation, 7/17 February 1627/28.

126 PRO, SP 16/528/54, V and VI: Smith to the Holy Office, 10 March 1628.

127 AAW 22/103: ‘Attestatio de modo pacandi Episcopi cum quibusdam regularibus’, 5 and 6 February 1628; Montague, MS. cit., pp. 374-84.

128 ARSI, Anglia 32/454-55v: ‘H. Luceus’ [Greenwood] to Barlow, 25 March 1628; and note 127 above.

129 AAW 22/219: Farrar to Blacklo, 28 March 1628.

130 OBA I, 102: ‘Exemplar Iitterae P. Provincialis Angliae de unione cum PP. Benedictinis facienda’, 7 March 1628.

131 AAW 22/237-40: Barlow to the E.B.C., 10 April 1628.

132 ARSI, Anglia 32/427: Prior [Bagshaw?)] to Barlow, 11 May 1628.

133 Epistola R. A. P. Praesidis Generalis et Regiminis totius Congregationis Anglicanae Ordinis S. B. ad RR. PP. Provinciates, et ad Definitores ejusdem Congregationis in Apostolica missione laborantes. Douai, 1628. There is a copy of each of these editions in the library of Downside Abbey.

134 The only relevant letter refers to the privately printed Mandatum of October 1627 (AAWF 5/73: Smith to Propaganda, 25 May 1628).

135 Their replies seem also to have been published as an offprint, Resolutio doctorum variorum Academiarum, Douai, December 1627. See AAW 23/5.

136 AAW21/605,617: E. R. [Smith?], ‘Synopsislibelli’, chapsivandx; PRO, SP 16/99/179-86: ‘A. Paralell … ’ [1628], e.g. para. 7.

137 AAW 22/397: Smith to Fitton, 27 June 1628; ibid. 469: Smith, instructions for Bosevile, 24 July 1628.

138 AP, SOCG 131/177: Kellison and others to Propaganda, 17 July 1628.

139 Apart from those already cited, see AAW 20/481-98: ‘Excerpta ex libro impresso Bened. 1628’; B. Jennings, ed. Wadding Papers, 1614-38, Dublin, 1953, pp. 552-4. For Barlow's self-defence see OBA I, 107; and an answer to ‘Paralell’, AAW 23/271-8.

140 Hughes, op. cit., pp. 358-9.

141 AAW 22/469: Instructions for Bosevile, 24 July 1628.

142 Ibid. 481: a note on letters and papers, [c. July 1628].

143 AAW 21/241: ‘Occasio controversiorum … ’ n.d.; 22/143: Blacklo, notes on the origin of the controversy [c. 1628].

144 AAW 22/29-86: ‘Historia controversiae’; ibid. 527: testimony of T. Longueville [before July 1628]; 405: Henry and Anne Good, testimony on Codner, 1 July 1628; 23/279: ‘Quod Benedictini non sunt idonei ad munus Notarii in Anglia’; 71, 717: the case of Samuel Kennett.

145 AAW 22/419, 455: two testimonies, 13 and 19 July 1628.

146 AAW 22/535: ‘Abuses of some Regulars’, n.d. See ibid. 509, 523, 531.

147 See Godfrey Anstruther's criticisms of the 1632 Clergy Agent's report quoted in Hughes, pp. 409-18 (A Hundred Homeless Years, London, 1958, p. 92). AAW 9/369: ‘Names of priests fallen’, has thirty-eight seculars up to 1610, no Benedictines.

148 AP, SOCG 102/13, 16v: Simon Stock to Propaganda, 27 June 1628.

149 VL, Barb. 8619/156-60v: Carlo Scotti to the Prince Elector of Bavaria, 23 July 1628.

150 AAW 22/283, 467: testimony of F. W. Cape, 3 June and 24 July 1628. See ibid. 293, 388, 397.

151 PRO, SP 16/107/105: Barlow to the Southern Provincial, 22 June 1628.

152 AAW 22/387: Barlow, statement to a scholar [1628?].

153 PRO, SP 16/116/54: Price to Benson vere Haddock, 5 September 1628.

154 Weldon II, 185-6: Barlow to [di Bagno], 11 October 1628.

155 About 12 January 1629 (Hughes, pp. 358-9).

156 Montague, MS. cit., 30 October 1628.

157 AP, SOCG 347/206-07v: Smith to [Blacklo], 7 December [1628].

158 PRO, SP 16/528/58, IX: Declaration of the Congregation of Bishops and Regulars, 17 November 1628.

159 Quoted in Hughes, pp. 363-6.

160 VA, Inghilterra 22/24: ‘Sanctissimo D. Nostro Benedicto XIV … Summarium’.

161 ARSI, Anglia 32/322: Bagshaw to Barlow, 4 January 1629.

162 VL, Barb. 8671/37: awisi from London, 15 December 1628.

163 Calendar of State Papers … of Venice, ed. H. F. Brown, London, 1900 ff, 1628-29, p. 459: Alvige Contarini to the Doge and Senate, 29 December 1628; Hughes, op. cit., pp. 371-3. The capture of Farrar would rule out Bosevile's suggestion that the regulars had procured the Proclamation.

164 AAW 23/313-16: (endorsed in Smith's hand) ‘Condemnation of Mandatum 1629’; ibid., 39: ‘Notae in litteras R. P. Rudesindi’ [c. 12 May 1629].

165 OBA I, 103: Barlow to N. and S. Provincials, n.d.

166 AAW 23/37, 39: ‘The request of diverse lay Catholics’, n.d.

167 OBA I, 106 and ARSI, Anglia 32/424-5v: Barlow to di Bagno, 1628.

168 AAW 23/329-30: ‘Declaration of the Sorbonne … ’ 1 March 1629. See also ibid. 337: the retractation of Jacques Pollet, 13 March 1629.

169 Dodd, op. cit., III, 157: Fitton to Smith, 8 March 1629. See also AAW 23/39, 315-16. However, the Brief Britannia (1631) said that no books had been condemned (Dodd, p. 160).

170 CRS 22, 174: Barlow to H. Silisden, S.J., 9 April 1629.

171 AAW 23/449: Smith to E. Bennett, 28 July 1629.

172 Allanson, ‘Acts’, 19 July 1629.

173 AAWB 47/35: Balcklo to —, 15 January 1628.

174 H. More, Historia Missionis Anglicanae Societatis Iesu, St Omers, 1660, pp. 468-9.

175 Dodd, History of the English College at Doway, London, 1714, p. 24.

176 Hughes, op. cit., p. 357.

177 I owe this point to a conversation with Dr John Bossy.