Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-tn8tq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-29T10:16:43.029Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Place of Experience and the Experience of Place: Intersections Between Sustainability Education and Outdoor Learning

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 August 2013

Allen Hill*
Affiliation:
Faculty of Education, University of Tasmania, Locked Bag 1307, Launceston 7248, Australia
*
Address for correspondence: Dr Allen Hill, Faculty of Education, University of Tasmania, Locked Bag 1307, Launceston TAS 7248, Australia. Email: allen.hill@utas.edu.au

Abstract

As social, economic and environmental issues have become more prominent in the 21st century, there has been increased critical scrutiny into the ways that outdoor learning interacts with sustainability issues and concepts. As a result, a number of discourses have emerged which interrogate human/nature relationships in traditional outdoor education and propose greater engagement with place-responsive or sustainable approaches. Drawing on research with teachers in Aotearoa New Zealand, this article explores possible intersections between sustainability education outdoor learning. Accordingly, this article focuses on two key ideas: First, the nexus of experience and place offers significant promise for educational endeavours that seek to educate for a sustainable future. Second, traditional conceptions of wilderness as a pedagogical site, can be problematic for outdoor education programs which seek to claim the ground of sustainability. While there is much that can be gained from journeys in remote pristine environments, not all of these experiences necessarily lead to the development of attitudes, understandings, skills, and motivation to live more sustainably. Furthermore, approaches to outdoor learning that seek to develop connection to and care for remote, pristine places, at the same time ignoring more local or impacted places, could present a dichotomous view of ‘nature’ to students, thereby disrupting efforts to educate for sustainability.

Type
Feature Articles
Copyright
Copyright © The Authors 2013 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Andkjær, S. (2012). A cultural and comparative perspective on outdoor education in New Zealand and friluftsliv in Denmark. Journal of Adventure Education & Outdoor Learning, 12 (2), 121136. doi: 10.1080/14729679.2011.643146CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beames, S., Higgins, P., & Nicol, R. (2012). Learning outside the classroom: Theory and guidelines for practice. New York: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowers, C.A. (2001). Education for eco-justice and community. Athens, GA: The University of Georgia Press.Google Scholar
Boyes, M. (2011). Bringing wilderness home: The challenge facing outdoor education. In Abbott, M. & Reeve, R. (Eds.), Wild heart: The possibilitiy of wilderness in Aotearoa New Zealand (pp. 3439). Dunedin: NZ: Otago University Press.Google Scholar
Boyes, M. (2012). Historical and contemporary trends in outdoor education. In Irwin, D., Straker, J., & Hill, A. (Eds.), Outdoor education in Aotearoa New Zealand: A new vision for the twenty first century (pp. 2645). Christchurch, NZ: CPIT.Google Scholar
Carspecken, P.F. (1996). Critical ethnography in educational research: A theoretical and practical guide. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Cosgriff, M. (2008). What's the story? Outdoor education in New Zealand in the 21st century. New Zealand Physical Educator, 41 (3), 14.Google Scholar
Creswell, J. (2002). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (1st ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education/Merrill Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
Cronon, W. (1995). The trouble with wilderness; or getting back to the wrong nature. In Cronon, W. (Ed.), Uncommon ground: Toward reinventing nature (pp. 6990). New York: W.W. Norton & Co.Google Scholar
Denzin, N.K., & Lincoln, Y.S. (2005). Introduction: The discipline and practice of qualitative research. In Denzin, N.K. & Lincoln, Y.S. (Eds.), The sage handbook of qualitative research (3rd ed., pp. 132). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Dewey, J. (1938). Experience and education. New York: Collier Books.Google Scholar
Eames, C., Barker, M., Wilson-Hill, F., & Law, B. (2010). Investigating the relationship between whole-school approaches to education for sustainability and student learning. Wellington, New Zealand: Teaching & Learning Research Initiative.Google Scholar
Eames, C., Cowie, B., & Bolstad, R. (2008). An evaluation of characteristics of environmental education practice in New Zealand schools. Environmental Education Research, 14 (1), 3551.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gough, A. (2007). Outdoor and environmental studies: More challenges to its place in the curriculum. Australian Journal of Outdoor Education, 11 (2), 1928.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gruenewald, D. (2003a). The best of both worlds: A critical pedagogy of place. Educational Researcher, 32 (4), 312.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gruenewald, D. (2003b). Foundations of place: A multidisciplinary framework for place-conscious education. American Educational Research Journal, 40 (3), 619654.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gruenewald, D., & Smith, G. (2008). Place-based education in the global age: Local diversity. New York: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
Higgins, P. (2009). Īnto the big wide world: Sustainable experiential education for the 21st century. Journal of Experiential Education, 32 (1), 4460.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hill, A. (2011). Re-envisioning the status-quo: Developing sustainable approaches to outdoor education in Aotearoa New Zealand. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.Google Scholar
Irwin, D. (2010). Weaving the threads of education for sustainability and outdoor education. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.Google Scholar
Irwin, D., Straker, J., & Hill, A. (Eds.). (2012). Outdoor education in Aotearoa New Zealand: A new vision for the 21st century. Christchurch, New Zealand: CPIT.Google Scholar
Jacobs, M. (1999). Sustainable development as a contested concept. In Dobson, A. (Ed.), Fairness and futurity: Essays on environmental sustainability and social justice (pp. 2145). New York: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jensen, B.B., & Schnack, K. (1997). The action competence approach in environmental education. Environmental Education Research, 3 (2), 163178.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jickling, B., & Wals, A.E.J. (2008). Globalization and environmental education: Looking beyond sustainable development. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 40 (1), 121. doi:10.1080/00220270701684667CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kemmis, S., & McTaggart, R. (2005). Participatory action research: Communicative action and the public sphere. In Denzin, N.K. & Lincoln, Y.S. (Eds.), The Sage handbook of qualitative research (3rd ed., pp. 559602). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Kincheloe, J., & McLaren, P. (2005). Rethinking critical theory and qualitative research. In Denzin, N.K. & Lincoln, Y.S. (Eds.), The Sage handbook of qualitative research (3rd ed., pp. 303342). Thousand Oaks, Ca: Sage.Google Scholar
Kolb, D. (1984). Experiential learning. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
Kopnina, H. (2012). Education for sustainable development (ESD): The turn away from ‘environment’ in environmental education. Environmental Education Research, 18 (5), 699717.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Learning and Teaching Scotland. (2007). Taking learning outdoors: Partnerships for excellence. Edinburgh: Education Scotland.Google Scholar
Lugg, A. (2004). Outdoor adventure in Australian outdoor education: Is it a case of roast for Christmas dinner? Australian Journal of Outdoor Education, 8 (1), 411.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lugg, A. (2007). Developing sustainability-literate citizens through outdoor learning: Possibilities for outdoor education in higher education. Journal of Adventure Education & Outdoor Learning, 7 (2), 97112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lynch, P. (2003). The origins of outdoor education in New Zealand: Progressive liberalism and post-war rejuvenation, 1935–1965. Journal of Physical Education New Zealand, 36 (1), 6381.Google Scholar
Lynch, P. (2006). Camping in the curriculum. Lincoln, Canterbury, NZ: PML.Google Scholar
Martin, B., Cashel, C., Wagstaff, M., & Breunig, M. (2006). Outdoor leadership: Theory and practice. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.Google Scholar
Martin, P. (1999). Critical outdoor education and nature as friend. In Miles, J. & Priest, S. (Eds.), Adventure programming (pp. 463471). State College, PA: Venture.Google Scholar
Martin, P. (2008a). Outdoor education in senior schooling: Clarifying the body of knowledge. Australian Journal of Outdoor Education, 12 (1), 1324.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, P. (2008b). Teacher qualification guidelines, ecological literacy and outdoor education. Australian Journal of Outdoor Education, 12 (2), 3238.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miles, J., & Priest, S. (Eds.). (1999). Adventure programming. State College, PA: Venture.Google Scholar
Mullins, P.M. (2011). Ecologies of outdoor skill: An education of attention. The Journal of Experiential Education, 33 (4), 379382.Google Scholar
Nespor, J. (2008). Education and place: A review essay. Educational Theory, 58 (4), 475489.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neumayer, E. (2003). Weak versus strong sustainability: Exploring the limits of two opposing paradigms (2nd ed.). Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.Google Scholar
New Zealand Ministry of Education. (1999). Guidelines for environmental education in New Zealand. Wellington, NZ: Learning Media.Google Scholar
Nicol, R. (2003). Outdoor education: Research topic or universal value? Part three. Journal of Adventure Education & Outdoor Learning, 3 (1), 1127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'Connell, T., Potter, T., Curthoys, L., Dyment, J., & Cuthbertson, B. (2005). A call for sustainability education in post-secondary outdoor recreation programs. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 6 (1), 8194.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Orr, D. (2004). Earth in mind: On education, environment, and the human prospect (10th Anniversary ed.). Washington, DC: Island Press.Google Scholar
Payne, P. (2002). On the construction, deconstruction and reconstruction of experience in ‘critical’ outdoor education. Australian Journal of Outdoor Education, 6 (2), 421.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Payne, P., & Wattchow, B. (2008). Slow pedagogy and placing education in post-traditional outdoor education. Australian Journal of Outdoor Education, 12 (1), 2538.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Preston, L. (2004). Making connections with nature: Bridging the theory-practice gap in outdoor and environmental education. Australian Journal of Outdoor Education, 8 (1), 1219.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reid, A., & Scott, W. (2006). Researching education and the environment: Retrospect and prospect. Environmental Education Research, 12 (3), 571587.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Relph, E. (1976). Place and placelessness. London: Pion Limited.Google Scholar
Roszak, T. (2001). The voice of the earth: An exploration of ecopsychology (2nd ed.). Grand Rapids, MI: Phanes Press.Google Scholar
Roszak, T., Gomes, M.E., & Kanner, A.D. (1995). Ecopsychology: Restoring the earth, healing the mind. San Francisco, CA: Sierra Club Books.Google Scholar
Sandell, K., & Öhman, J. (2010). Educational potentials of encounters with nature: Reflections from a Swedish outdoor perspective. Environmental Education Research, 16 (1), 113132. doi:10.1080/13504620903504065CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schultz, P.W. (2002). Inclusion with nature: The psychology of human-nature relations. In Schmuck, P. & Schultz, P.W. (Eds.), Psychology of sustainable development (pp. 6178). Boston: Kluwer Academic.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seed, J. (1985). Appendix E: Anthropocentrism. In Devall, B. & Sessions, G. (Eds.), Deep ecology (pp. 243246). Salt Lake City: Gibbs Smith.Google Scholar
Smith, G., & Sobel, D. (2010). Place- and community-based education in schools. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Sobel, D. (1996). Beyond ecophobia: Reclaiming the heart in nature education. Great Barrington, MA: The Orion Society.Google Scholar
Sterling, S. (2010). Learning for resilience, or the resilient learner? Towards a necessary reconciliation in a paradigm of sustainable education. Environmental Education Research, 16 (5–6), 511528.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stevenson, R.B. (2011). Sense of place in Australian environmental education research: Distinctive, missing or displaced? Australian Journal of Environmental Education, 27, 4655.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stewart, A. (2004). Decolonising encounters with the Murray River: Building place responsive outdoor education. Australian Journal of Outdoor Education, 8 (2), 4655.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tasmanian Qualifications Authority. (2012). Outdoor Education course document — OXP215113. Retrieved from http://www.tqa.tas.gov.au/2609Google Scholar
Tilbury, D., Coleman, V., & Garlick, D. (2005). A national review of environmental education and its contribution to sustainability in Australia: School education — key findings. Canberra, Australia: Australian Government Department of the Environment and Heritage and Australian Research Institute in Education for Sustainability (ARIES).Google Scholar
Waite, S., & Pratt, N. (2011). Theoretical perspectives on learning outside the classroom: Relationships between learning and place. In Waite, S. (Ed.), Children learning outside the classroom: From birth to eleven. London: Sage.Google Scholar
Wattchow, B., & Brown, M. (2011). A pedagogy of place: Outdoor education for a changing world. Melbourne, Australia: Monash University Press.Google Scholar
Williams, C., & Millington, A. (2004). The diverse and contested meanings of sustainable development. The Geographical Journal, 170 (2), 99104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wurdinger, S.D., & Priest, S. (1999). Integrating theory and application in experiential learning In Miles, J.C. & Priest, S. (Eds.), Adventure Programming (pp. 187192). State College: PA: Venture.Google Scholar