Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-n9wrp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-21T05:32:42.697Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

PLAGIARISM AND SECOND LANGUAGE WRITING IN AN ELECTRONIC AGE

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 March 2008

Abstract

It has been observed that plagiarism is a problem across specialities and professions, and it is probably becoming more rampant than ever in this electronic age. Based on a body of literature primarily in applied linguistics, this review focuses on textual plagiarism and antiplagiarism in second language academic writing. Following a conceptualization of plagiarism and an examination of some terminology employed in the literature to address the complexity of the issue, a number of perspectives taken upon plagiarism in the literature are examined. These include a cultural interpretation, a developmental perspective, a disciplinary perspective, student beliefs and practices, faculty perceptions, and a focus upon antiplagiarism pedagogy. The challenge and opportunity involved in dealing with plagiarism is then highlighted by reviewing work that has analyzed the problem in connection with the Internet, by exemplifying some antiplagiarism detection devices, and by relating these to John Sinclair's “idiom principle” of linguistic structure. The article ends by suggesting a few lines of future research on plagiarism.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

ANNOTATED REFERENCES

Carroll, J., & Appleton, J. (2001). Plagiarism: A good practice guide. Oxford: Oxford Brookes University and Joint Information Systems Committee. Retrieved October 18, 2007, from http://www.jiscpas.ac.uk/documents/brookes.pdfGoogle Scholar
Coulthard, M. (2004). Author identification, idiolect, and linguistic uniqueness. Applied Linguistics, 25 (4), 431447.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flowerdew, J., & Li, Y.-Y. (2007). Language re-use among Chinese apprentice scientists writing for publication. Applied Linguistics, 28 (3), 440465.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lathrop, A., & Foss, K. (2000). Student cheating and plagiarism in the Internet era: A wake-up call. Englewood, CO: Libraries Unlimited.Google Scholar
Liu, D.-L. (2005). Plagiarism in ESOL students: Is cultural conditioning truly the major culprit? ELT Journal, 59 (3), 234241.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sapp, D. A. (2002). Towards an international and intercultural understanding of plagiarism and academic dishonesty in composition: Reflections from the People's Republic of China. Issues in Writing, 13, 5879.Google Scholar
Scanlon, P. M., & Neumann, D. R. (2002). Internet plagiarism among college students. Journal of College Student Development, 3 (3), 374385.Google Scholar
Rinnert, C., & Kobayashi, H. (2005). Borrowing words and ideas: Insights from Japanese L1 writers. Journal of Asian Pacific Communication, 15 (1), 3155.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pecorari, D. (2006). Visible and occluded citation features in postgraduate second-language writing. English for Specific Purposes, 25, 429.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shi, L. (2006). Cultural backgrounds and textual appropriation. Language Awareness, 15, 264282.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

REFERENCES

Abasi, A. R., Akbari, N., & Graves, B. (2006). Discourse appropriation, construction of identities, and the complex issue of plagiarism: ESL students writing in graduate school. Journal of Second Language Writing, 15 (2), 102117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Angélil-Carter, S. (2000). Stolen language? Plagiarism in writing. Harlow, England, and New York: Longman.Google Scholar
Barks, D., & Watts, P. (2001). Textual borrowing strategies for graduate-level ESL writers. In Belcher, D. & Hirvela, A. (Eds.), Linking literacies: Perspectives on L2 reading-writing connections (pp. 246267). Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
Belcher, D. (2001). Cyberdiscourse, evolving notions of authorship, and the teaching of writing. In Hewings, M. (Ed.), Academic writing in context: Implications and applications (pp. 140149). Birmingham: University of Birmingham Press.Google Scholar
Belcher, D., & Hirvela, A. (Eds.) (2001). Linking literacies: Perspectives on L2 reading-writing connections. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bianchi, F., & Pazzaglia, R. (2007). Student writing of research articles in a foreign language: metacognition and corpora. In Facchinetti, R. (Ed.), Corpus Linguistics 25 Years on (pp. 259287). Amsterdam and New York, NY: Rodopi.Google Scholar
Bloch, J. (2001). Plagiarism and the ESL student: From printed to electronic texts. In Belcher, D. & Hirvela, A. (Eds.), Linking literacies: Perspectives on L2 reading-writing connections (pp. 209228). Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
Bloch, J., & Chi, L. (1995). A comparison of the use of citations in Chinese and English academic discourse. In Belcher, D. & Braine, G. (Eds.), Academic writing in a second language: Essays on research and pedagogy (pp. 231274). Norwood, NJ: Ablex.Google Scholar
Brown, K. (Ed.). (2006). Encyclopedia of language and linguistics. Amsterdam and London: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Buranen, L. (1999). “But I wasn't cheating.” In Buranen, L. & Roy, A. M. (Eds.), Perspectives on plagiarism and intellectual property in a postmodern world (pp. 6374). Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar
Buranen, L., & Roy, A. M. (Eds.). (1999). Perspectives on plagiarism and intellectual property in a postmodern world. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar
Callahan, D. (2004). The cheating culture. London: Harvest.Google Scholar
Canagarajah, A. S. (2002). Critical academic writing and multilingual students. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cargill, M. (2005, October 8). Getting more Chinese science published in English: Evaluating collaborating-colleague workshops based on genre analysis. Talk presented to City University of Hong Kong, Department of English and Communication.Google Scholar
Cargill, M., & O'Connor, P. (2006a). Developing Chinese scientists' skills for publishing in English: Evaluating collaborating-colleague workshops based on genre analysis. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 5, 207221.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cargill, M., & O'Connor, P. (2006b). Getting research published in English: Towards a curriculum design model for developing skills and enhancing outcomes. Revista Canaria de Estudios Ingleses, 53, 7994.Google Scholar
Carroll, J., & Appleton, J. (2001). Plagiarism: A good practice guide. Oxford: Oxford Brookes University and Joint Information Systems Committee. Retrieved October 18, 2007, from http://www.jiscpas.ac.uk/documents/brookes.pdfGoogle Scholar
Casanave, C. P. (2004). Controversies in second language writing: Dilemmas and decisions in research and instruction. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
Chandrasegaran, A. (2000). Cultures in contact in academic writing: students' perceptions of plagiarism. Asian Journal of English Language Teaching, 10, 91113.Google Scholar
Chandrasoma, R., Thompson, C., & Pennycook, A. (2004). Beyond plagiarism: Transgressive and nontransgressive intertextuality. Journal of Language, Identity, and Education, 33, 171193.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coulthard, M. (2004). Author identification, idiolect, and linguistic uniqueness. Applied Linguistics, 25 (4), 431447.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Currie, P. (1998). Staying out of trouble: Apparent plagiarism and academic survival. Journal of Second Language Writing, 7, 118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deckert, G. (1993). Perspectives on plagiarism from ESL students in Hong Kong. Journal of Second Language Writing, 2, 131148.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dong, Y. R. (1996). Learning how to use citations for knowledge transformation: Non-native doctoral students' dissertation writing in science. Research in the Teaching of English, 30, 428457.Google Scholar
Dryden, L. M. (1999). A distant mirror or through the looking glass? Plagiarism and intellectual property in Japanese education. In Buranen, L. & Roy, A. M. (Eds.), Perspectives on plagiarism and intellectual property in a postmodern world (pp. 7585). Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar
Dubois, B. L. (1988). Citation in biomedical journal articles. English for Specific Purposes, 7, 181193.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ercegovac, Z., & Richardson, J. V. Jr. (2004, July). Academic dishonesty, plagiarism included, in the digital age: A literature review. College and Research Libraries, pp. 301–317.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flowerdew, J. (1993). A process, or educational, approach to the teaching of professional genres. ELT Journal, 47 (4), 305316.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flowerdew, J., & Li, Y.-Y. (2007). Language re-use among Chinese apprentice scientists writing for publication. Applied Linguistics.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gregg, J. (1986). Comments on Bernard A. Mohan and Winnie Au-Yeung Lo's “Academic writing and Chinese students: Transfer and developmental factors.” TESOL Quarterly, 20, 354358.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Groark, M., Oblinger, D., & Choa, M. (2001). Term paper mills, anti-plagiarism tools and academic integrity. Educause Review, 36 (5), 4048.Google Scholar
Gu, Q., & Schweisfurth, M. (2006). Who adapts? Beyond cultural models of “the” Chinese learner. Language, Culture and Curriculum, 19 (1), 7489.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hacker, D. (1991). Bedford handbook for writers. Boston: Bedford.Google Scholar
Harris, R. A. (2001). The plagiarism handbook: Strategies for preventing, detecting, and dealing with plagiarism. Los Angeles: Pyrczak.Google Scholar
Harwood, N. (2004). Citation analysis: A multidisciplinary perspective on academic literacy. In Baynham, M., Deignan, A., & White, G. (Eds.), Applied linguistics at the interface (pp. 7989). London: Equinox.Google Scholar
Hinchliffe, L. (1998). Cut-and-paste: Preventing, detecting and tracking online plagiarism. Retrieved August 18, 2004, from http://alexia.lis.uiuc.edu/~janicke/plagiary.htmGoogle Scholar
Howard, R. M. (1993). A plagiarism pentimento. Journal of teaching writing, 11 (3), 233246.Google Scholar
Howard, R. M. (1995). Plagiarism, authorships, and the academic death penalty. College English, 57 (7), 788806.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Howard, R. M. (1999). The new abolitionism comes to plagiarism. In Buranen, L. & Roy, A. M. (Eds.), Perspectives on plagiarism and intellectual property in a postmodern world (pp. 8795). Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar
Howard, T. W. (2003). Who “owns” electronic texts? In Peeples, T. (Ed.), Professional writing and rhetoric: Readings from the field (pp. 250264). New York: Longman.Google Scholar
Hyland, F. (2001). Dealing with plagiarism when giving feedback. ELT Journal, 55 (4), 375381.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ivanic, R. (1998). Writing and identity: The discoursal construction of identity in academic writing. Amsterdam: Benjamins.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, A. A., & Freeman, T. E. (2003). Imitation, copying, and the use of models: Report writing in an introductory physics course. IEEE Transactions of Professional Communication, 46 (3), 168184.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnston, K. D. (1991). Cheating: Reflections on a moral dilemma. Journal of Moral Education, 20 (3), 283291.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kraus, J. (2002). Rethinking plagiarism: What our students are telling us when they cheat. Issues in Writing, 13 (1), 8095.Google Scholar
Krishnan, L. A., & Kathpalia, S. S. (2002). Literature reviews in student project reports. IEEE Transactions of Professional Communication, 45 (3), 187197.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lathrop, A., & Foss, K. (2000). Student cheating and plagiarism in the Internet era: A wake-up call. Englewood, CO: Libraries Unlimited.Google Scholar
Leki, I. (1997). “Completely different worlds”: EAP and the writing experiences of ESL students in university courses. TESOL Quarterly, 31, 3969.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, D., & Swales, J. (2006). A corpus-based EAP course for NNS doctoral students: Moving from available specialized corpora to self-compiled corpora. English for Specific Purposes, 25, 5675.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, Y.-Y. (2006). Negotiating knowledge contribution to multiple discourse communities: A doctoral student of computer science writing for publication. Journal of Second Language Writing, 15, 159178.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, Y.-Y. (2007). Apprentice scholarly writing in a community of practice: An “intraview” of an ESL graduate student writing a research article. TESOL Quarterly, 41, 5579.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, D.-L. (2005). Plagiarism in ESOL students: Is cultural conditioning truly the major culprit? ELT Journal, 59 (3), 234241.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Logue, R. (2004). Plagiarism: The Internet makes it easy. Nursing Standard, 18 (5), 4043.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lunsford, A. A., & West, S. (1996). Intellectual property and composition studies. College Composition and Communication, 47, 383411.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matalene, C. (1985). Contrastive rhetoric: An American writing teacher in China. College English, 47, 789808.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCabe, D. (2005). Cheating amongst college and university students: A North American perspective. International Journal of Educational Integrity, 1, 1. Retrieved February 25, 2007, from http://www.ojs.unisa.edu.au/journals/index.php/IJEICrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCabe, D. L., & Trevino, L. K. (1997). Individual and contextual influences on academic honesty: A multicampus investigation. Research in Higher Education, 38, 379396.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCabe, D. L., Trevino, L. K., & Butterfield, K. D. (2002). Honor codes and other contextual influences on academic integrity: A replication and extension to modified honor code settings. Research in Higher Education, 43, 357378.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McMurtry, K. (2001). E-cheating: Combating a 21st century challenge. T.H.E. Journal, 29 (4), 3741.Google Scholar
Pecorari, D. (2001). Plagiarism and international students: How the English-speaking university responds. In Belcher, D. & Hirvela, A. (Eds.), Linking literacies: Perspectives on L2 reading-writing connections (pp. 229245). Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
Pecorari, D. (2003). Good and original: Plagiarism and patchwriting in academic second-language writing. Journal of Second Language Writing, 12, 317345.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pecorari, D. (2006). Visible and occluded citation features in postgraduate second-language writing. English for Specific Purposes, 25, 429.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pennycook, A. (1994). The complex contexts of plagiarism: A reply to Deckert. Journal of Second Language Writing, 3, 277284.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pennycook, A. (1996). Borrowing others' words: Text, ownership, memory, and plagiarism. TESOL Quarterly, 30, 201230.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Petric, B. (2004). A pedagogic perspective on plagiarism. NovELTy, 11 (1), 418.Google Scholar
Petric, B. (2005). Citation practices in student academic writing. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary.Google Scholar
Phan, Le Ha. (2006). Plagiarism and overseas students: Stereotypes again? ELT Journal, 60 (1), 7678.Google Scholar
Price, M. (2002). Beyond “Gotcha!”: Situating plagiarism in policy and pedagogy. College Composition and Communication, 54 (1), 88115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rinnert, C., & Kobayashi, H. (2005). Borrowing words and ideas: Insights from Japanese L1 writers. Journal of Asian Pacific Communication, 15 (1), 3155.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rymer, J. (1988). Scientific composing process: How eminent scientists write. In Jolliffe, D. A. (Ed.), Advances in writing research, Vol. 2: Writing in academic disciplines. (pp. 211250). Norwood, NJ: Ablex.Google Scholar
Russikoff, K., Fucaloro, L., & Salkauskiene, D. (2003). Plagiarism as a cross-cultural phenomenon. The CAL Poly Pomona Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 16, 109120. Retrieved July 19, 2007, from http://www.csupomona.edu/~jis/2003/RussikoffFucaloroSalkaus.pdfGoogle Scholar
Sapp, D. A. (2002). Towards an international and intercultural understanding of plagiarism and academic dishonesty in composition: Reflections from the People's Republic of China. Issues in Writing, 13, 5879.Google Scholar
Scanlon, P. M., & Neumann, D. R. (2002). Internet plagiarism among college students. Journal of College Student Development, 3 (3), 374385.Google Scholar
Scollon, R. (1994). As a matter of fact: The changing ideology of authorship and responsibility in discourse. World Englishes, 13, 3346.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scollon, R. (1995). Plagiarism and ideology: Identity in intercultural discourse. Language in Society, 24, 128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Selwyn, N. (2007, March 7). “With the click of a button you can do pretty much anything”: An investigation of online plagiarism amongst UK undergraduate students. Paper presented to City University of Hong Kong, Department of Public and Social Administration, Hong Kong.Google Scholar
Shei, C. (2006, February). Chinese learners and plagiarism: Westernisation or Easternisation? Northumbria Learning: Newsletter Issues, 1. Retrieved July 15, 2007 from http://www.northumbrailearning.co.ukGoogle Scholar
Sherman, J. (1992). Your own thoughts in your own words. ELT Journal, 46, 190198.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shi, L. (2004). Textual borrowing in second-language writing. Written Communication, 21 (2), 171200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shi, L. (2006). Cultural backgrounds and textual appropriation. Language Awareness, 15, 264282.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sinclair, J. M. (1991). Corpus, concordance, collocation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Silva, T., & Brice, C. (2004). Research in teaching writing. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 24, 70106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sowden, C. (2005). Plagiarism and the culture of multilingual students in higher education abroad. ELT Journal, 59 (3), 226233.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spack, R. (1997). The acquisition of academic literacy in a second language: A longitudinal case study. Written Communication, 14, 362.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
St.John, M. (1987). Writing processes of Spanish scientists publishing in English. English for Specific Purposes, 6, 113120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Starfield, S. (2002). “I'm a second-language English speaker”: Negotiating writer identity and authority in Sociology One. Journal of Language, Identity, and Education, 1, 121140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sutherland-Smith, W. (2005a). Pandora's box: Academic perceptions of student plagiarism in writing. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 4, 8395.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sutherland-Smith, W. (2005b). The tangled Web: Internet plagiarism and international students' academic writing. Journal of Asian Pacific Communication, 15 (1), 1529.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Swales, J. (1990). Genre analysis: English in academic and research settings. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Swales, J. M., & Feak, C. B. (1994). Academic writing for graduate students: A course for nonnative speakers of English. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
Underwood, J., & Szabo, A. (2003). Academic offences and e-learning: Individual propensities in cheating. British Journal of Educational Technology, 34, 467477.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whitaker, E. E. (1993). A pedagogy to address plagiarism. College Composition and Communication, 44 (4), 509514.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wood, A. (2001). International scientific English: The language of research scientists around the world. In Flowerdew, J. & Peacock, M. (Eds.), Research perspectives on English for academic purposes (pp. 7183). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yakhontova, T. (2001). Textbooks, contexts, and learners. English for Specific Purposes, 20, 397415.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yamada, K. (2003). What prevents ESL/EFL writers from avoiding plagiarism: Analysis of 10 North-American college Web sites. System, 31, 247258.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Youmans, M., & Evans, F. B. (2000). Perceptions of plagiarism in ESL writing: Student perspectives. Journal for Language Teaching, 34 (2), 113–112.Google Scholar