The three bases illustrated in the photographs (Plates 1 and 2) and in the drawings (Figs. 1–3) were all seen and studied by me on a visit to Bodrum undertaken in the summer of 1969. They have been known for some time as individual items, but have never been studied as a group. The base identified here as no. 1 is now located in the courtyard of the castle at Bodrum; nos. 2 and 3 are built into the walls of a house standing on the site of the former Byzantine church of Aghia Marina, in the district called Türkkuyusu outside the main town. Other fragments, relating perhaps to similar monuments, have been reported from the same area at various times, and it seems clear to me from my own investigations that there is a strong chance of the existence of further such bases, in whole or in part.

The following rare issue of bronze coins has been ignored or misattributed by previous writers:

Obverse: bare head of Augustus r.; behind head, AVGVS; border of dots.

Reverse: within an olive wreath, or .

The details of only five specimens, from one obverse die and two reverse dies, are available to me.

The only extended discussion of this issue is in Grant, FITA 276–7, which was based solely on the Gotha coin and on a coin in the British Museum. The latter was not illustrated, but was most likely coin 2c, the Seager coin, which was an accession in 1926: 2b was an accession in 1948, two years after the publication of FITA, and nine years after the completion of its manuscript. Grant read the reverse legend of the Gotha coin as , noting that on the British Museum specimen the VE was not ligatured. But Grant's photograph of the Gotha coin, which is the only available record, yields under close examination no certain reading for the final letter of the third line: it could be D, O, or Q. There are, moreover, traces of only one letter on the fourth line, and again it is uncertain whether this is D, O, or Q (it looks in fact more like D than anything else).

The small Ionic temple that once stood on the banks of the Ilissus has now all but disappeared. Converted into a Christian church during the Turkish occupation, it was completely dismantled in 1778 to provide material for the new fortification walls of Athens. Fortunately, before its final destruction the temple was visited by the English travellers J. Stuart and N. Revett and its appearance, plan (Fig. 1), and dimensions have been preserved by their careful drawings.

Scholars were immediately reminded of these drawings when, in 1834, the remains of the Temple of Nike on the Acropolis were discovered (Fig. 2). The close relationship between the two temples and the likelihood that both were the products of the same architect, Callicrates, have since then been generally acknowledged, and a detailed study of the points of similarity has been made more recently by I. M. Shear.

This report describes twelve archaeological sites discovered and briefly surveyed in September 1971 by a team from the University of Bristol, led by the writers. The work was completed in three days, following a more extended and intensive survey of the Ayiofarango catchment area. Our attention was concentrated on the two harbour sites just east of the mouth of the Ayiofarango valley, at Kaloi Limenes and Lasaia, and on the evidence that they had attracted human occupation throughout antiquity (Plate 5a). Nevertheless, the whole of the coastal strip from the mouth of the Ayiofarango valley to the ruined church at Chrisostomos was examined (Fig. 1), and the areas between the gorge and the sites just west of Kaloi Limenes (SC1–5) and between Kaloi Limenes and the tholoi and Roman farmstead overlooking Lasaia (SC8–9) do seem to be empty of evidence for occupation at any period before the present.

Dörpfeld's excavations in the Nidhri plain of Levkas have recently been attracting renewed interest which is long overdue. The cemetery of round graves at Steno is not only one of the richest Early Bronze Age sites known in Greece, but also one of the most intriguing, and potentially one of the most informative. It is proposed to examine here three aspects of these graves—their date, the cultural contacts for which they provide evidence, and their social significance.

In the 1850s Captain T. A. B. Spratt, subsequently to become Admiral and Director of the Mediterranean Survey, was engaged on the charting of the Aegean. This work was interrupted by the Crimean War and later resumed. Captain Spratt had under his command the paddle frigate Spitfire and the tender Auxiliar, from which he necessarily made journeys ashore in Crete in order to complete the triangulation of the Aegean from the mountain summits to the adjacent islands. On these journeys he took a keen interest in the location of Classical sites. In this respect he followed some thirty years after Robert Pashley whose pioneering work Spratt is reported to have been able occasionally to supplement or correct.

In a recent paper on stylobate design in Doric temples I stated, with the minimum of evidence, certain working hypotheses on some of the factors restricting ancient Greek architectural design procedures. The present paper is, in part, an attempt to examine more closely the evidence for those hypotheses, but it also has a wider aim; it tries to thin out the almost numberless possible theories concerning the way in which Greek temples were planned, by looking at some of the technical restrictions felt by ancient architects, by stating and examining the consequences of certain hypotheses which seem to be widely, if tacitly, accepted by students of Greek architecture, and by suggesting how many of the propositions put forward by modern investigators may be tested, more or less rigorously perhaps, but nevertheless objectively.

The Finds

In 1971 the Archaeological Service of Eastern Crete undertook an extensive programme of cleaning and consolidation (plates 15, a, 16, a) in the important Early Minoan cemetery on the island of Mochlos, which had been excavated by Richard Seager at the beginning of the century and had been abandoned since, becoming overgrown and partly or completely re-buried. During the course of this work several pieces of Early Minoan gold jewellery and a number of seals were recovered from the earth spoil of the tombs, or from incompletely excavated areas inside the tombs. The new finds, which considerably enrich the material from Mochlos, are now exhibited in the Hagios Nikolaos Museum.

The existence of agonistic festivals in Boiotia in the first half of the first century B.C. is well attested by inscriptions, many of them collected in the pages of IG vii, which appeared in 1892, and others published as a result of subsequent archaeological discoveries. Foremost in this field were the French scholars who conducted important excavations in the neighbourhood of Thespiai, at the Ptoïon and elsewhere. In his IG commentaries Dittenberger laid the foundations of a relative chronology for these inscriptions, and many supplementary details have been added from time to time by various French scholars. The value of this epigraphical evidence for an understanding of Boiotian affairs in the first half of the first century B.C. can be still further enhanced if the chronological relationships of the inscriptions are defined more precisely, and especially if it can be shown which of them belong to the period before, and which to the period after, the Mithridatic War.

George Finlay died at the age of seventy-five on 24 January a hundred years ago and I am honoured to pay tribute to this distinguished Scottish scholar and philhellene on the occasion of his centenary. It is indeed fitting that this should take place in the School which possesses many of his books and papers.

It might well be asked why there has as yet—to the best of my knowledge—been no full biography of Finlay. A glance at the available material may suggest the answer. What are usually known as the Finlay Papers housed in the British School comprise a formidable collection. Perhaps the best-known items are the so-called Journals. They are in part genuine journals in the sense of a day to day record, particularly of Finlay's experiences when travelling round the Aegean, or in Turkey, or on a visit to Scotland, journeying via Malta and France or Switzerland.

My main purpose in this article is to present a corpus of graffiti and dipinti on pots found on Rhodes dating down to the end of the fifth century B.C. About one hundred such inscriptions have been overlooked in previous publications or remain unpublished. I discuss the problems of interpreting these short graffiti and the commercial aspects of some of them. In so doing I comment on certain aspects of the alphabet in use on the island, but I have to deal with the complicating factor, whether or not the several marks were inscribed by a Rhodian or, for instance, by an outside trader. I hope to avoid circularity of argument (‘this letter is not Rhodian, therefore the inscriber was a foreigner’ or ‘this inscription should have been cut on Rhodes, therefore the lettering must be Rhodian’) by the application of various independent criteria which I outline below.

The floruit of the Cretan jewellery workshop in the Iron Age is attested by many finds. To these are now added two gold finger-rings, each decorated with two attached embossed heads, recently acquired by the Metaxas Collection in Heraklion (Plate 23, a). They not only enrich our knowledge of this important branch of the art of Crete, but also prove Cretan priority in the adoption of a decorative technique widely used in the islands and in Ionia. I am greatly indebted to Mr. N. Metaxas for permission to publish these important works.

The compiler has marked with an asterisk those book-reviews which contain substantial original material or seem particularly characteristic of their author.

Woodward did a great deal more work on fourth-century Attic treasure-inventories than he ever published, and I still hope to pull some of the notes together. One substantial piece exists in near-publishable shape, and I submit it more readily because it deals with a small fragment recently published by Stroud. I have allowed myself some interventions in the knowledge that Woodward had approved the first in principle and was not opposed to the third.

According to literary sources, the various products of vulcanicity were in great demand for both manufacturing and medicinal purposes in the ancient world, as they are today. These include pumice, fuller's earth (a form of calcium montmorillonite), sulphur, and the alumen of the Romans, which was probably aluminium sulphate, or a related substance. The island of Melos, in the Cyclades, was particularly noted in Antiquity for its mineral products, and in this brief article an attempt is made to summarize the references to these products by the various Greek and Roman authors, and to identify them and the people concerned with their mining and extraction in Antiquity, on the basis of recent geological and archaeological observations made by the author on the island.

The publication of Sheila Adam's lively and closely argued study of the technique of Greek sculpture has aroused considerable controversy; not the least disputed of her views was that the running drill, ‘the only major technical change which occurs in Greek sculpture of the Classical Period’, was not introduced until the second quarter of the fourth century B.C., a full seventy years or more after Blümel's date for its invention. Although such examination as I have been able to make of extant Greek originals from this period suggests to me that Adam was correct in concluding that the tool was not in general use until after c. 370, there does seem to be some evidence that sculptors were experimenting with it for about twenty to thirty years beforehand.

In Volume lxxx of the Journal of Hellenic Studies I published a first attempt at distinguishing black-figured lekanai made in Euboea. There eight vases of this shape were discussed and brought into relation with the little that was known of Eretrian and other Euboean sixth-century vase-painting. Since then a lekane in Reading has been attributed to Eretria. I now offer five more for consideration, together with two vases of other shapes which go with them.

In the Musée Archéologique at Laon there is a lekane decorated on the outside with a band of palmettes and lotus flowers in unincised black-figure, standing on interlacing stalks (Plate 28, a). Inside in the tondo there is a scene in incised black-figure showing a youth about to catch a young hare that is cowering on the ground (Plate 28, b).