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Notes from Achaea

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 September 2013

Thanasis J. Papadopoulos  and
Litsa Kontorli-Papadopoulou
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Abstract

Part 1 describes the Mycenaean weapons from Klauss (Antheia) in Achaea: a socketed spear head and a sword of Type II.

Part 2 describes Mycenaean objects from old, clandestine excavations now in the collection of the Ayia Lavra monastery, a jug of LH IIIB-C1 date, a stirrup-jar, either end of LH IIIA or LH IIIB, and a pair of bronze depilatory tweezers.

Type
Research Article
Information
Annual of the British School at Athens , Volume 79 , November 1984 , pp. 221 - 227
Copyright
Copyright © The Council, British School at Athens 1984

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References

Abbreviations other than standard

Attica Stubbings, F. H., ‘The Mycenaean Pottery of Attica’, BSA 42 (1947) 1–75Google Scholar

BRGK Bericht der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission

CBMW Catling, H. W., Cypriot Bronzework in the Mycenaean World (Oxford 1964)Google Scholar

Ch T Wace, A. J., ‘Chamber Tombs of Mycenae’, Archaeologia, 82 (1932)Google Scholar

ΔΝΕ Mylonas, G. E., Τό Δυτικόν Νεκροταφεῖου τῆς Ἐλευσῖνος vols. Α-Γ (Athens 1975)Google Scholar

Dodoni Δωδώνη. Ἐπιστημονική Ἐπετηρίς Φιλοσοφικῆς Σχολῆς Πανεπιστημίου Ἰωαννίνων

EGAW Snodgrass, A., Early Greek Armour and Weapons (Edinburgh 1964)Google Scholar

GDA Desborough, V. R. d'A., The Greek Dark Ages (London 1972)Google Scholar

LMS Desborough, V. R. d'A., The Last Mycenaeans and their Successors (Oxford 1964)Google Scholar

Monuments Lorimer, H., Homer and the Monuments (London 1950)Google Scholar

Mycenaean Greece Hooker, J. T., Mycenaean Greece (London 1976)Google Scholar

Mycenaean Achaea Papadopoulos, Th. J., Mycenaean Achaea SIMA 55, 1–2, Göteborg 1978–1979)Google Scholar

PBF Prähistorische Bronzefunde

ΥΕΘ Σπυρόπουλου, θ., Ὑστερομυκηναϊκοί Ἑλλαδικοί Θησαυροί (Athens 1972)Google Scholar

1 I thank Professor Christos Doumas, Director of the Prehistoric Collection of the National Museum, Athens for much help and access to this material. The drawings are by my wife, Litsa, the photographs by the author.

2 It has no ‘blood channels’ and resembles nos. 3 and 7 of Catling's catalogue from Mycenae, and Kallithea, , PPS 22 (1956) 111–12.Google Scholar

3 Unlike the majority of such weapons listed in Catling's catalogue, op. cit. 109 ff.

4 EGAW 116–19, fig. 7a.

5 CBMW 120 ‘socketed spearheads with narrow elliptical blades’. Also, Höckmann's ‘Group D’, see Archaeologia Homerica, E, 297, Abb. 76.

6 AM 75 (1960) 44, Beil. 31. 3 and Mycenaean Achaea, fig. 350 b

7 Cf. Mycenaean Achaea 163.

8 AM 75, Beil. 27. 3.

9 See Dodoni 5 (1976) 311, pl. 18 (M.I. 3326).

10 Cf. Sandars, , AJA 67 (1963) 121, pls. 22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar 6, 8, 11. They lack the hafting-ring of the socket.

11 Op. cit. 121

12 Op. cit., pl. 22. 6, 8.

13 Op. cit. 121.

14 It comes from confiscation of an illicit collection (G. Zois).

15 Monuments 254.

16 EGAW 134–9.

17 Mycenaean Achaea 164.

18 Archaeologia Homerica E 275–319. For a systematic study of the LM/LH spearheads by him see RGZM 27 (1980), 13.

19 See PPS 22 (1956) 112; Mycenaean Achaea 164 (PMX 310, 316).

20 I have suggested elsewhere (Mycenaean Achaea 183, n. 98) that a local bronze industry probably existed in Achaea.

21 Naue, J., Die vorrömischen Schwerter 12 ff.Google Scholar

22 BRGK 36 (1955) 52 ff. (all the European examples) and PPS 32 (1966) 292–312; PPS 22 (1956) 102 ff.; Antiquity 35 (1961) 115–22; CBMW 113–16; BSA 63 (1968) 98–104; LMS, 67–8; GDA 308; Epirus 320–7; BSA 66 (1971) 234–41.

23 e.g. Childe, Hawkes, Milojcic, Schaeffer, Sprockhoff, Peake, Maxwell-Hyslop, E. Vermeule, Müller-Karpe, Lorimer, Snodgrass and Spyropoulos, YEΘ 163–9 and notes.

24 Dodoni 5 (1976) 310 and Mycenaean Achaea 166.

25 AJA 68 (1964) 248–57, pls. 73–6 and Archaeologia Homerica E, 262–6.

26 Cf. Foltiny, Archaeologia Homerica E 262. So far the only dissidents have been Childe, Hawkes, Schaeffer, and E. Vermeule suggesting a Near-eastern origin, Spyropoulos proposing a Mycenaean derivation, and Snodgrass (DAG 311) supporting the view ‘of parallel development in Central Europe and the Aegean’.

27 Cf. Catling, , BSA 63 (1968) 101Google Scholar; Childe, The Danube in Prehistory 250; Hammond, Epirus 324. Desborough (LMS 68) has suggested a later date (‘towards the end of LH IIIB’) for its introduction into Greek lands.

28 Catling, , Antiquity 35 (1961) 121CrossRefGoogle Scholar; CBMW 115; Desborough, LMS 68; Sandars, The Sea Peoples 93–4.

29 Foltiny, op. cit. 265–6; Snodgrass, DAG 310–11.

30 Most, though not all, specimens in Catling, 's lists (PPS 22 (1956) 109–18Google Scholar; Antiquity 35 (1961) 117; CMBW 114; BSA 63 (1968) 102) belong to this period.

31 See Catling's lists, op. cit. and Dodoni 5 (1976) 310 n. 9.

32 See Snodgrass, EGAW 93–110; Catling, , BSA 63 (1968) 98Google Scholar and myself, Dodoni 5 (1976) 310, n. 10.

33 AM 75 (1960) 43, Beil. 27. 1–2; Mycenaean Achaea 166, figs. 320a–b, 355c–d.

34 Corresponding to Cowen's Erbenheim Group, see BRGK 36 (1955) 73 ff. Catling's suggestion that this Group ‘had been derived in Greece by Greek armourers in response to the stimulus created by the appearance of Group I’ (BSA 63 (1968) 98) seems to me quite reasonable.

35 It is catalogued and illustrated by Catling, in PPS 35 (1961) 117Google Scholar, no. 13, pls. xvi.c (left) and xvii (left).

36 PAE (1938) 118; (1939) 104–6.

37 PAE (1938) 118.

38 See Mycenaean Achaea 207–9, nos. 367–93, 395–412 (vases) and pp. 227–8, nos. 175, 210, 228 (bronzes).

39 Thus confirming Catling's supposition that ‘none of the four tombs contained elements earlier than Mycenaean IIIB and that the series may well continue into Mycenaean IIIC’ (PPS 22 (1956), 112 n. 4). The only IIIA1–2 exceptions being five vases (nos. 373, 374, 385, 386, 389).

40 Cf. Catling, PPS 22 (1956) 112.

41 Cf. Desborough, LMTS 98.

42 I wish to thank Ambrosios, Bishop of Aigion-Kalavryta, and Abbot Dorotheos of the monastery of Ayia Lavra, for allowing me to examine and publish this material. The photographs are by Dr. Laffineur, the drawings are mine.

43 In the periodical Aurifex, Studies in Ancient Jewelry.

44 MP 34.

45 Loc. cit. nn. 1–2. See also Attica 47, 66.

46 MP 601–2.

47 Cf. e.g. ChT, pls. xxii. 19, xliv. 3, xlviii. 11; Schoinochori, T. E. 11; Zygouries, 168, fig. 163; Prosymna, figs. 127. 266; 167. 346, 1140; 227. 1178; 254. 653, etc.; Pantelidou, , Αί ποϊστορικαὶ Ἀθῆναι (Athens 1976), 178, pl. 51bGoogle Scholar right (T. 18–2); Dendra, 76, figs. 36–7; PN III 235, pl. 293. 11 (T. K-2); Ergon (1976) fig. 9 (from Tanagra).

48 ChT 168.

49 MP 34.

50 Schoinochori, 218, fig. 30.

51 Zygouries, T. 33. 352–4.

52 Prosymna, figs. 167. 1140; 251. 668; 402. 812.

53 In particular ChT, pl. xlviii. 11.

54 It is sparsely represented in the pottery from Cyprus, Messenia, Achaea, and Attica (Levant 42; PN I 408 (7 examples only); Mycenaean Achaea 72; Attica 18. It is absent from the Perati cemetery; one example only from Eleusis, ΔΝΕ pl. 406). The shape is more common in the Aegean islands. Cf. MP 615 and Stubbings, Levant 19.

55 Cf. e.g. Attica fig. 5. 9; Mycenaean Achaea, figs. 115e, 211e.

56 See MP 315, fig. 53.

57 Cf. Attica 20, fig. 6; BSA 62 (1967) 161, fig. 11. 18 (Mycenae West House).

58 CBMW 68, 228.

59 See examples listed in Mycenaean Achaea 149, n. 74.

60 Cf. Archaeologia Homerica B 34–6; Perati B 284–5; Circle B, 327–8; ΔNE B' 247–8; Mycenaean Achaea 148–9.

61 YEθ 114–15.

62 CBMW 294.

63 Annuario 42–4, N.s. 27–8 (1965–6) 29, 200, fig. 207.