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The Ephyraean Goblet Reviewed

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 September 2013

P. A. Mountjoy
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Abstract

The type and decoration of the Ephyraean goblet and the length of its duration is discussed in the light of recent excavations. Its chronological range is defined as LH IIA–IIB/LM IB to before the end of LH IIB.

Type
Research Article
Information
Annual of the British School at Athens , Volume 78 , November 1983 , pp. 265 - 271
Copyright
Copyright © The Council, British School at Athens 1983

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References

Acknowledgements. Firstly I should like to thank Mervyn Popham, who suggested this article to me and allowed me to see his unpublished Cretan parallels, as well as helping me with some of the drawings and reading the text, making many helpful suggestions. I also thank Dr. O. Dickinson for reading the text and commenting most usefully, Dr. C. K. Williams and Dr. N. Bookidis for access to the Korakou material, Dr. H. W. Catling for useful discussion, Dr. E. French for taking the photographs of the Nauplia Museum Study Collection and providing the originals of the Mycenae drawings, Dr. E. Schofield for supplying the original of the Kea argonaut, and the German Archaeological Institute and Dr. H. Döhl for permission to republish the Tiryns vase.

Abbreviations, other than those in accepted use:

Asine II 2 Dietz, S., Asine II. 2: The Middle Helladic Cemetery, the Middle Helladic and Early Mycenaean Deposits (Stockholm 1980).Google Scholar

Athens Wells Mountjoy, P. A., Four Early Mycenaean Wells from the South Slope of the Acropolis at Athens, Miscellanea Graeca IV (Gent 1981).Google Scholar

Eleusiniaka Kourouniotis, K. et al. , Eleusiniaka (Athens 1932).Google Scholar

Origins Dickinson, O. T. P. K., The Origins of Mycenaean Civilisation (Göteborg 1977).Google Scholar

Wace Wace, A. J. B., ‘Ephyraean Ware’, BSA 51 (1956) 123–7.Google Scholar

1 Korakou 54–7.

2 Wace 123 ff.

3 Korakou 54, Wace 123. It may, rarely, have a high handle: Prosymna II 170 fig. 676. 425

4 MP 492

5 Such as FS 112 jug, FS 143 beaked jug, FS 254 goblet, FS 279 krater.

6 MP 495.

7 It is decorated with rosette (Fig. Ib) or running spiral (Fig. 2.12).

8 Agora XIII pl. 39.16, Athens Wells fig. 25.360.

9 PM IV 362 fig. 302a–b.

10 Ibid. 362 fig. 302c.

11 Exceptionally, Wace includes some with a monochrome interior and painted lip (Wace 126), but the publication of the Bothros, Atreus, BSA 59 (1964) 254Google Scholar, has demonstrated that the type is well represented in the sherd material of this LH IIIA1 deposit. As there is, as yet, no satisfactory dividing line for LH IIB and LH IIIA1 which covers all shapes and motifs, Blegen's original definition of the Ephyraean goblet is used here, as it does not seem to have continued after LH IIB.

12 Wace 124.

13 Korakou 56.

14 This motif and the argonaut are common on LH IIB beaked jugs (Annuario 6–7 (1923–4) 185 fig. 108 one spiral with papyrus, Korakou pl. 5 spiral, ADelt 3 (1917) K.T.26.7 argonaut) and continue on this shape in LH IIIA1, the scarcity of the group spiral on the Ephyraean goblet and its continued presence in LH IIIA1 suggesting that it is indeed an innovation late in the development of the goblet.

15 Blegen suggests (Korakou 56) that those swimming to the right are earlier.

16 PM IV 278 fig. 213.

17 Tiryns VIII pl. 76.1 lower right, 76.3 top right, Asine II 2 110 fig. 113. 235, Eleusiniaka 127 fig. 107.374.

18 Prosymna II 170 fig. 676.425.

19 Tiryns VIII pl. 27.1.

20 Scopelos, , KChr Γ (1949) 552 no. 3.Google Scholar

21 Agora XIII T.40.6 spiral coils; Benzi, Voula M., Ceramica Micenea in Attica pl. 4.80.Google Scholar

22 Tiryns V pl. 25.1.5.

23 Prosymna II 170 fig. 675.975.

24 Korakou 55 fig. 75.4.

25 MP 283. A LH IIIA2 kylix is decorated with a disintegrated rosette OpAth 5 pl. I, but it is abnormal.

26 In some cases it runs up the handle (Plate 31c top left).

27 Wace 125 fig. 3, Phylakopi.

28 Ibid.

29 Korakou pl. 6.4.

30 Korakou 56 fig. 77, Phylakopi National Museum, unpublished.

31 Korakou 56 fig. 77.

32 BSA 47 (1952) pl. 24.412. Note the Ephyraean subsidiary motif, the chevron, floating in the open field.

33 Athens Wells pl. 12 and fig. 13.132, 134.

34 Ibid. pl. 14 and fig. 15.171.

35 Agora XIII T.16.1.

36 Tiryns VIII pl. 76.1.

37 Thebes, ADelt 3 (1917) 144 fig. 106.Google Scholar

38 See amphora Thebes, ADelt 3 (1917) 89 fig. 64Google Scholar, beaked jug Volos, AE (1906) pl. 12Google Scholar, alabastron Mycenae Chambers pl. 48.9, 10.

39 MP 276.

40 Korakou 56.

41 I thank Mr. C. K. Williams for allowing me to go through the Korakou material in a search for others.

42 BSA 59 (1964) 245.

43 Annuario 50–1 (1972–3) 339 fig. 329f. I thank C. Macdonald for drawing my attention to this piece and to an unpublished piece depicting a chevron under the handle.

44 Korakou pl. 5.

45 Agora XIII T.23.1.

46 See also A. C. Renfrew, The Mycenaean Sanctuary at Phylakopi (BSA Supplementary Vol. (forthcoming)) Mycenaean pot no. 73.

47 MP 488.

48 See n. 3.

49 The goblet from Scopelos which displays a possible seven-chorded lyre, KChr Γ (1949) 552 no. 8, is not discussed here as it has a monochrome interior. For a drawing see Hunter, A., ‘The Bronze Age in Thessaly and its Environs with Special Reference to Mycenaean Culture’ (B.Litt. Thesis Oxford 1953) pl. 10 and p. 193.Google Scholar

50 Korakou 56 fig. 77.

51 Ibid. 55 fig 75·3.

52 BSA 73 (1978) 181.

53 For a selection of Cretan Ephyraean-type goblets see AR (1972–3) 56 fig. 20.

54 Katsamba pl. 4a.

55 BCH 98 (1974) 712 fig. 300, PM IV 362 fig. 302b.

56 BSA 73 (1978) pl. 19b Aigina.

57 AR (1978–9) 37 fig. 49, EC XVI pl. 18.1, 2.

58 PAE (1956) pl. 100a Routsi.

59 BSA 75 (1980) pl. 15c.

60 Katsamba pl. 4b, BSA 73 (1978) pl. 23;d. Compare with the LH IIIA1 version Agora XIII T.40.6.

61 Argolid: Tiryns V pl. 6.1, 2, 5, pl. 8.2, pl. 10.1, pl. 20.6, pl. 25.1; Tiryns VIII pl. 27.1, pl. 28.1, pl. 29.1, pl. 76.1–3; Waldstein, C., The Argive Heraeum ii pl. 52.6a, 15, 16Google Scholar; Prosymna 1 412; Asine II 2 98 fig. 93.124, 99 fig. 94.148, fig. 96.134, 110 fig. 113.235; Frizell, B., An Early Mycenaean Settlement at Asine (Göteborg 1980) pl. 3.32–4, pl. 6.90–6, pl. 10.207, Pl. 11.228–30, 246–7, pl. 15.134–5, Pl. 16.169, 171Google Scholar; Mycenae, , BSA 25 (1921–1923) pl. 48k, l, n, oGoogle Scholar; ibid. 45 (1950) pl. 23.9–11; ibid. 49 (1954) pl. 48a (2.1; Wace pls. 31, 32; Corinthia: Korakou 55 figs. 75, 76, 56 fig. 77, pls. vi, vii; BSA 67 (1972) pls. 33b, 34d, e; Zygouries pl. xv; Laconia: Menclaion unpublished; Messenia: Pylos III fig. 149 Group III, VI; Nichoria unpublished; Attica: Athens Wells figs. 15.176–8, 25.343–4, 31.432–4; Eleusiniaka 127 fig. 107·374; Boeotia: Orchomenos V (in press), examples from Orchomenos, Eutresis, Dramesi, Livadostro, Ag. lanni; Eutresis 188 fig. 262; Scopelos, : KChr Γ (1949) 551 3Google Scholar; Euboea: Lefkandi unpublished; Rhodes, : Clara Rhodos 10 108 fig. 58Google Scholar; Cos: Annuario 50 1 (1972–3) 339 fig. 329f; Melos: Phylakopi unpublished and Wace 125 fig. 3; Kea, : Hesperia 41 (1972) pl. 95.H12·14Google Scholar; Kythera, : Kythera pl. 58 ω301.Google Scholar This list is not exhaustive.

62 I thank Mervyn Popham for this information.

63 I thank O. Dickinson for this communication.

64 Athens Wells 79.

65 BSA 67 (1972) 107 n. 25.

66 PM IV 361 fig. 301 r.

67 BSA 73 (1978) 181.

68 Hesperia 41 (1972) 396 pl. 95.

69 BSA 67 (1972) 107. See also Origins 29.

70 BSA 73 (1978) 181, AJ 54 (1974) 320. The excavators published two sherds (Kythera pl. 58 ω301, 302) as belonging to the Ephyraean goblet, but ω302 belongs to a LH IIIA2 kylix portraying an octopus with added white paint; compare with BSA 42 (1947) pls. 415, 7.5.

71 BSA 73 (1978) 181 n. 13.

72 Origins 29.

73 BSA 59 (1964) 261.

74 Other earlier material from this deposit is also listed ibid. 245–7. It includes sherds from the jar, shallow cup, Vaphio cup, and rhyton.

75 Clara Rhodos 10 108 fig. 58, a sherd with chevron subsidiary ornament. The stratum from which it comes is studied by Furumark, in his re-examination of the Ialysos material, OpAth 6 (1950) 150–85.Google Scholar

76 BMC A. 1 A801–970, Annuario 6–7 (1923–4) 86–256, ibid. 13–14 (1930–1) 253–345. I thank Mervyn Popham for calling my attention to this fact. The Ephyraean goblet is rare in tomb groups and the examples we have (Prosymna T.28, 29, 45, KChr Γ (1949) 534–73) give no help in its chronology within LH II and provide no evidence for its continuation in LH IIIA1.