² Two short biographical sketches of Finlay have been produced: Wace, A.J.B., ‘Hastings and Finlay’ BSA 22 (1916–1917, 1917–1918) 122–132Google Scholar and Hussey, J.M., ‘George Finlay in Perspective – A Centenary Reappraisal’ BSA 70 (1975) 135–144.Google Scholar

³ Macmillan, G.A., ‘Report of the Managing Committee to the Annual Meeting of Subscribers’ BSA 6 (1899–1900) 131Google Scholar and Bosanquet, R.C., ‘The Obsidian Trade’ in Atkinson, T.D. et al. ,, Excavations at Phylakopi in Melos (London 1904) 225.Google Scholar

⁴ British School at Athens, Finlay Papers, A.10. For earlier references to the Journal see Wolters, P., ‘Prähistorische Idole aus Blei II’ AM 25 (1900) 339–340Google Scholar; Miller, W., ‘The Finlay Papers’ English Historical Review 29 (1924) 392–393Google Scholar; Hussey, J.M.The Finlay Papers: a Catalogue (London, British School at Athens Supplementary Volume No. 9, 1973) 30–31.Google Scholar

⁵ British School at Athens, Finlay Papers B.7(14). See resumé in Proceedings of the Royal Society of Literature 1:9 (1837–1840) 109–110. The letter was read to the Royal Society of Literature unknowingly to Finlay and the fact was not reported to him until Leake replied on the 27th December 1837, see Finlay Papers, A.42(16).

⁶ Krienen, Graf Pasch van, Breve Descrizione dell'Archipelago (Livorno 1773)Google Scholar, ed. by Ross, L., Abdruck seiner italienischen Beschreibung des griechischen Archipelagus (Halle 1860)Google Scholar; Constantine, D., Early Greek Travellers and the Hellenic Ideal (Cambridge 1984) 215–218.Google Scholar Although the Journal does not specify the exact location of the site, it can be found at G.S.G.S. map ref. Aegean Islands, 1:50,000: IOS 686053 (M.D.R. 611/7932), 1944. The site was also visited by Bent who also records the existence of many graves in the vicinity, Bent, J.T., The Cyclades or Life Among the Insular Greeks (London 1885) 157.Google Scholar

⁷ Three of these blades, good examples of EC parallel-sided obsidian blades, have been previously illustrated. The first, a tri-/four-faceted proximal blade (L. 0.0781 m.), G. Finlay, Objects Found in Greece in the Collection of George Finlay /Ἁντϰείμενα ῾ενρεϑέντα ἐν Ἑλλάδι ἐν τῆ τνλλογῆ τον Κυρίου Γεωργίου Φίνλαϊ (supplement to Παρατηρήσεις ἐπι τῆς ἐν Ἑλβετία ϰαὶ Ἑλλάδι προϊστοριϰῆς ἀρχαιολογίας ὑπὸ Γεωργιου Φινλαν¨ (Athens 1869) fig. 8; Dumont, A., ‘Collection préhistorique de M. Georges Finlay à Athènes’ in Matériaux pour servir à l'histoire primitive et naturelle de l'homme (Toulouse 1872) 4 and fig. 9.Google Scholar The second, a bi-faceted distal blade (L. 0.087 m.), G. Finlay, op.cit., fig. 9; this blade is the one referred to by Bosanquet in R.C. Bosanquet, ‘The Obsidian Trade’ in T.D. Atkinson, et al. (above n.3) 220. The third, a tri-faceted distal blade (L. 0.0751 m.), A Dumont, op.cit., 4 and fig. 10. The fourth, a tri-faceted proximal blade (L. 0.0557 m.), has not been illustrated. All are now in the obsidian collection of the British School at Athens.

⁸ Graf Pasch van Krienen (above n.6) 41–46. Ross in commenting on this report was of the view that the area was scattered with graves of many different periods and that van Krienen muddled the contents of adjacent graves in his report, see Ross, L., Archäologische Aufsätze, Volume I (Leipzig 1855) 54–55.Google Scholar

⁹ Journal, 42–43. For reference to Thiersch see von Thiersch, F.W., ‘Über Paros und parische Inschriften’ Abhandlungen der bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, philos.-philolog. Klasse 1 (1835) 585–586 and pl. A.Google Scholar

¹⁰ Inselreisen, 160, 161 and L. Ross (above n.8) 53–54.

¹¹ Nationalmuseet, ABb 139. Given by Ross to Crown Prince Christian (later King Christian VIII) of Denmark in 1838, whose private collection was eventually incorporated into the Nationalmuseet in 1892. See Det Konglige Nordiske Oldskriftsselskab, Aarsberetning (Copenhagen 1838) 14; Blinkenberg, 8, 16–17, 64 and fig. 3; Figurines, 13 and 17, pl. 9c and cat. no. IV.B.15; Emergence, 523. Ross does not record the find-spot.

¹² Figurines, 14; Renfrew, C., ‘The Typology and Chronology of Cycladic Sculpture’ in ACC, 67Google Scholar; and ACC, 497.

¹³ Journal, 97–98.

¹⁴ The marble skaphe or trough is listed in Finlay's own catalogue of his collection, British School at Athens, Finlay Papers, C.15 (see below n.16) 231, though there is no reference to it being either given away or sold. It did not form part of this collection given to the British School at Athens in 1899. Finlay's catalogue also lists a marble lamp. This may be one of the ‘two lamps’ bought by Finlay on Ios, but its whereabouts and nature is unknown. The only non-Bronze Age object still known from amongst the purchases is a fourth century BC bronze female head of Aphrodite, now also in the Museum of the British School at Athens, B. 143.

¹⁵ Renfrew Variety I.A., Figurines, 5; Emergence, 159–161; Doumas, 16 and fig. 4; C. Renfrew (above n.12) in ACC, 61.

¹⁶ G. Finlay, Catalogue of Greek, Roman, Byzantine, Medieval and English coins with some Byzantine Seals and a few Modem Medals, in the possession of George Finlay. Athens, 1864 unpublished MS, British School at Athens, Finlay Papers, C.15, 240–241. His entry no. 6 listed as ‘An instrument like club or paddle’ is deleted and annotated on the opposite page, ‘No. 6 Exchanged with Mr Palaeologos for coins of Athens and Aegina.’

¹⁷ University of East Anglia, Sainsbury Centre for the Visual Arts (Robert and Lisa Sainsbury Collection), UEA 350, formerly P9(a). Found on Ios and purchased for the Sainsbury Collection in 1958. Formerly in the Ortiz Collection and bought from the Geneva antiquities dealer, Nicolas Koutoulakis, upon it being brought out of Greece in April 1956. ACC, 430 and cat. no. 40.

¹⁸ For earlier references to this figurine see Figurines, 13, 20 and cat. no. IV.F.21; and Emergence, 523.

¹⁹ Renfrew Variety IV.F., Figurines, 20–21; Sculptors, 16–17;NAC, 160–161.

²⁰ For distribution of Spedos Variety folded-arm figurines see Figurines, 20–21.

²¹ Cambridge, GR.17.1924. Budde, L. and Nicholls, R.V., A Catalogue of the Greek and Roman Sculpture in the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge (Cambridge 1967) 3 and pl. 2 and cat. no. 11.Google Scholar

²² Cambridge, GR.33.1901. L. Budde and R.V. Nicholls (above n.21) 3 and pl. 2 and cat. no. 10; ACC, 466–467 and cat. no. 161.

²³ Berlin, GDR, Staatliche Museen Antikensammlung, 8267. Rohde, E., ‘Die Frühbronzezeitlichen Kykladen-figuren der Berliner Antikensammlung’ Forschungen und Berichte (Staatliche Museen, Berlin DDR) 16 (1975) 151 and pl. 7.2 and cat. no. 4Google Scholar; ACC, 467–468 and cat. no. 165.

²⁴ ACC, 462 and cat. no. 141.

²⁵ Badisches Landesmuseum, 63/67. ACC, 192–193 and cat. no. 192.

²⁶ Badisches Landesmuseum, B 839, (ex Thiersch Collection). ACC, 497 and cat. no. 257.

²⁷ Sculptors, 90–92, 158 and pls. 26–27.

²⁸ Bonn, Akademisches Kunstmuseum der Universität, B.13. Bought by E. Pernice on the island in 1893 and then presented to the Museum, DrGrünewald, C., personal communication, 6.xii.85. See Antiken aus dem Akademisches Kunstmuseum (Bonn 1971) 17Google Scholar and cat. no. 3 and ACC, 498–499 and cat. no. 260.

²⁹ For Thimme see ACC, 494. For note on seated figurines see Figurines, 13–14; C. Renfrew (above n.12) in ACC, 67; Sculpture, 22–23.

³⁰ For earlier references to this figurine see Figurines, 13 and Emergence, 523. Finlay has drawn in ink on the reverse ‘1837’.

³¹ Renfrew Variety IV.B., Figurines, 16–17; ACC, 480, 482 and 487; Sculptors. 17–18 and fig. 9; NAC, 210–211.

³² Sculptors, 115–117, 162–163 and pls. 40–41.

³³ Mr and Mrs Isidor Kahane Collection, Sculptors, 162 and pls. 40–41.

³⁴ Norwich, University of East Anglia, Sainsbury Centre for the Visual Arts (Robert and Lisa Sainsbury Collection), UEA 668, Sculptors, 162 and pls. 40–41.

³⁵ BM.1854.12–18.23. Pryce, F.N., British Museum Catalogue of Sculpture, Volume I:1 (London 1928)Google Scholar and cat. no. A. 16; Sculptors, 162 and pls. 40–41.

³⁶ Brussels, Musées Royaux d'Art et d'Histoire, A.1675. Graindor, P., ‘Fouilles de Ios’ BCH 28 (1904) 309–310CrossRefGoogle Scholar and Graindor 77 and fig. 1.

³⁷ Dr Jean-Charles Balty, Musées Royaux d'Art et d'Histoire, Brussels, personal communication, 12.V.86. For reference to Manganari see P. Graindor (above n.36a) and Emergence, 523.

³⁸ For distribution of Dokathismata Variety folded-arm figurines see Figurines, 16–17.

³⁹ Renfrew Variety IV.C., Figurines, 17–18; ACC, 482; Sculptors, 17; NAC, 210–211.

⁴⁰ For earlier references see P. Wolters (above n.4) 340; Blinkenberg, 69. Wolters believed this to be the EC I Schematic Figurine/Violin Idol that Finlay bought on Ios, and which cannot now be located (see above).

⁴¹ ACC, 484 and cat. no. 227.

⁴² Athens, NM 3916. Wolters, P., ‘Marmorkopf aus Amorgos’ AM 16 (1891) 49 n.1Google Scholar; Blinkenberg, 64; Zervos, C., L'art des Cyclades du début à la fin de l'age du bronze, 2500–1100 avant notre ère (Paris 1957) 109 and pl. 111 (not 115)Google Scholar; Figurines, 17 and cat. no. IV.C.6; Emergence, 523. This figurine was originally obtained by Ioannis Palaeologos, the Athenian antiquities dealer who sold it to the Archaeological Society of Athens (inv. no. Stone 3784) subsequently entering the National Archaeological Museum in 1891. P. Getz-Preziosi in Sculptors, 130 and 164, fig. 52 and pls. 48–50 attributes it, together with examples from Keros, Kea and Amorgos, to the Dresden Master.

⁴³ From a U.S. private collection, now on loan to the Cincinnati Art Museum, L41.1976. NAC, 222 and cat. no. 249.

⁴⁴ Cambridge, GR.4.1934. L. Budde and R.V. Nicholls (above n.23) 3–4, pl. 2 and cat. no. 13; ACC, 492 and cat. no. 249.

⁴⁵ Inselreisen, 54 and 254; L. Ross (above n.8) 53; Ross, L., Archäologische Aufsätze, Volume II (Leipzig 1867) 482 n.9 and 492 n.16Google Scholar; Renfrew, C., ‘Cycladic Metallurgy and the Aegean Early Bronze Age’ AJA 71 (1967) 5CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Emergence, 318; Branigan, K., Aegean Metalwork of the Early and Middle Bronze Age (Oxford 1974) 50 and 194 and cat. no. 3133Google Scholar; Gale, N.H. and Stos-Gale, Z.A., ‘Cycladic Lead and Silver Metallurgy’ BSA 76 (1981) 182 and 222.Google Scholar

⁴⁶ This inventory no. relates to the Pottery Collection of the National Archaeological Museum.

⁴⁷ C. Renfrew (above n.45) 5 and N.H. Gale and Z.A. Stos-Gale (above n.45) 222.

⁴⁸ L. Ross (above n.45).

⁴⁹ P. Wolters (above n.4) 55 n.1. Regardless of earlier doubts, it would appear that the figurine referred to by Ross is the same one bought by Finlay on Ios.

⁵⁰ Wolters, P., ‘Prähistorische Idole aus Blei’ AM 23 (1898) 462–465Google Scholar; P. Wolters (above n.4) 339–340. See also note by Edgar, C.C., ‘Pre-Historic Tombs at Pelos’ BSA 3 (1896–1997) 50.Google Scholar

⁵¹ Bent, J.T., ‘Researches among the Cyclades’ JHS 5 (1884) 53CrossRefGoogle Scholar; C.C. Edgar (above n.50) 46 and fig. 18; C. Renfrew (above n.45) 4–5, 8 and pls. 1 and 2 and cat. no. 1; K. Branigan (above n.45) 50 and 194, Pl. 24 and cat. no. 3132, who dates it to EC I.

⁵² Melas, E., ‘Ios’ in Melas, E. (ed.), Greek Islands (Exeter 1985) 161–162.Google Scholar

⁵³ From Naxos, Aplomata cemetery G.1; Kontoleon, N., ‘Ἀνασϰαφαί Νάξου’ PAE (1970) 151 and pl. 195β–λ.Google Scholar Two of unknown provenance, one in Basle, Erlenmeyr Collection, ACC, 121 and cat. no. 251 and the other in Geneva, Barbier-Müller Collection, ACC, 121 and cat. no. 252. There is another in a private collection reported by P. Getz-Preziosi to Colin Renfrew, but is unillustrated, see Emergence, 318 and K. Branigan (above n.45) 50, 194 and cat. no. 3133A. There is, however, a bronze EC I Schematic Figurine/Violin idol of unknown provenance in Geneva, George Ortiz Collection, ACC, 430, cat. no. 37a and illustrated in Getz-Preziosi, P., ‘Addenda to the Cycladic Exhibition in Karlsruhe’ AA (1978) 2 and fig. 2.Google Scholar Whether it is genuine or not is also open to conjecture.

⁵⁴ Getz-Preziosi, P., ‘Early Cycladic Stone Vases’ in ACC, 96Google Scholar; NAC, 289. There is one example of a bowl with decoration of incised triangles below the rim, Oxford, AE. 228. For Plastiras Group see Emergence, 526–527 and Doumas, 16–18.

⁵⁵ Izmir Museum. Levi, D., ‘Le Campagne 1962–1964 a Iasos’ ASAtene 43–44 (n.s. 27–28) (1965–1966) 541 and fig. 171Google Scholar; Pecorella, P.E., La Cultura Preistorica di Iasos in Caria (Rome, Missione Archaeologica Italiana di Iasos I, 1984) 22 and 66Google Scholar, fig. 10.64 and pl. 39.150. For caution about Cycladic connections with Iasos see Emergence, 166.

⁵⁶ Karlsruhe, Badisches Landesmuseum, 66/52. ACC, 506 and cat. no. 288.

⁵⁷ Kykladika I, pl. 10.7.

⁵⁸ Plastiras, G.9, Paros Museum, 650; Doumas, 98 and pl. 34f. Paros Museum, L 993; Hadjianastasiou, O., ‘Πϱωτοϰυϰλάδιϰα ἀντιϰείμενα ἀπὸ τὴν Πάϱο’ AE (1983)Google Scholar῾Πρωτοϰυϰλάδιϰα ἀντιϰείμενα ἀπὸ τὴν Πάρο’AE (1983) Ἁρχαιολογιϰά Χρονιϰὰ,2 and pl. 1γ.

⁵⁹ Ayioi Anargyroi, G.5, Naxos Museum, 1911; Doumas, 107 and pl. 35f.

⁶⁰ Graindor, 77–78 and figs. 1–2.

⁶¹ P. Graindor (above n.36) 309–310; Emergence, 523. Graindor reports that the finds, figurines and marble vessels, were preserved partly in the private homes of islanders and in the village hall of the Chora.

⁶² Graindor, 78. Bowls with two lugs are known, and an unpublished parallel of this bowl, although smaller in size is from Amorgos and is now in Oxford, AE. 244 (1893.69) bought through A.J. Evans in 1893

⁶³ Graindor, 78. These bowls are also near parallels to No. 6.

⁶⁴ P. Getz-Preziosi (above n.54) 96 and NAC, 299.

⁶⁵ The origins of this indented base can be found in the EC I period as it frequently appears on the base of Pelos Group Clay Collared Jars.

⁶⁶ Spedos G.10, Athens, NM 6135(4); Papathanasopoulos, G., ‘Κυϰλάδιϰὰ Νάξου’ ADelt 17 (1961–1962)Google Scholar A Μελεται 115 and pl. 47β. Spedos, G.12, Athens, NM 6135(6); G. Papathanasopoulos, op.cit., 112 and P. 53c.

⁶⁷ Naxos Museum. Kontoleon, N., ‘Ανασϰαφαί Νάξον’ PAE (1971) 179 and pl. 210a.Google Scholar

⁶⁸ British Museum, BM.1842.7–28.615 (Burgon Collection).

⁶⁹ Athens, NM 5254.

⁷⁰ Prähistorische Staatssammlung, 1976.234. ACC, 509 and cat. no. 304. See also Thimme, J., ‘A Keros-Syros Grave Group “from Herakleia”’ in ACC, 586–588.Google Scholar

⁷¹ Karlsruhe, Badisches Landesmuseum, B867, acquired in 1838 from F. Maler. Blinkenberg, 18, 67 and fig. 5 (bottom right) for earlier references; ACC, 508–509 and cat. no. 299. See also Thimme, J., ‘An Early Keros-Syros Grave Group from Thera’ in ACC, 584–585.Google Scholar

⁷² Mrs Allan D. Emil Collection. ACC, 507–508 and cat. no. 297. This bowl is larger than the Ios example.

⁷³ Max Bill Collection. ACC, 507 and cat. no. 296.

⁷⁴ No. 215. Goulandris, 82 and cat. no. 59.

⁷⁵ Athens, NM 6136(A). G. Papathanasopoulos (above n.66) 115–166 and pl. 47c.

⁷⁶ Athens, NM 3947.

⁷⁷ Athens, NM 6912. Kykladika II, col. 114.

⁷⁸ Athens, NM 4774. Kykladika I, col. 156–157 and pl. 10.10.

⁷⁹ ACC, 512 and cat. no. 318.

⁸⁰ Badisches Landesmuseum, 70/81a. ACC, 512 and cat. no. 320. This example is slightly smaller, as is another bowl from Amorgos, Oxford, AE. 386, bought through A.J. Evans in 1899.

⁸¹ Erlenmeyr Collection. ACC, 511–512 and cat. no. 317.

⁸² Mrs Allan D. Emil Collection. ACC, 512 and cat. no. 320. This example has a set-off spout.

⁸³ No. 592. Goulandris, 115 and cat. no. 130.

⁸⁴ NAC, 307 and cat. no. 129.

⁸⁵ Naxos Museum. Kontoleon, N., ‘Ἀνασϰαφαι Νάξου’ PAE (1972) 151 and pl. 138β.Google Scholar

⁸⁶ Basle private collection. ACC, 512–513 and cat. no. 323; Vermeule, E., Greece in the Bronze Age (Chicago 1964) pl. IV.c.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

⁸⁷ Athens, NM 5081. Kykladika II, col. 111 and fig. 27. C. Zervos (above n.42) 60 and pl. 17. Another lugged example, but with a pedestal and table, reputedly from Amorgos is in the Collection of Shelley and Leon Levy. NAC, 325 and cat. no. 145.

⁸⁸ Graindor, 78.

⁸⁹ Graindor, 78 and fig. 2. This marble Collared Jar (see NAC, 270–271) is smaller than the usual type, which is typical of the later EC I period, assigned to the Plastiras Group. Examples have been found on many islands, particularly Naxos, Paros and Antiparos. A good parallel in size (H. 0.095 m.) and shape, but of unknown provenance, is in Geneva, Barbier-Müller Museum (ex-J. Müller Collection, Solothurn). Buchholz, H.G. and Karageorghis, V., Altägäis und Altkypros (Tübingen 1971) 91 and 352 and fig. 1135cGoogle Scholar; ACC, 503 and cat. no. 275. Another good parallel, albeit larger (H. 0.285 m.) comes from Paros, Panaghia G.73, Athens, NM 4763; Kykladika I cols. 158 and 184 and pl. 10.16.

⁹⁰ Emergence, 165 and fig. 10.5. For note on EC I Conical Vases see NAC, 281.

⁹¹ Athens, NM 6292. Sapouna-Sakallerakis, E., Cycladic Civilisation and the Cycladic Collection of the National Archaeological Museum of Athens (Athens 1973) 29 and pl. 51.Google Scholar

⁹² In the years immediately following 1837 little work was undertaken on Ios. Duncan Mackenzie during his Cycladic tour of 1896, Mackenzie, D., ‘Ancient Sites in Melos’ BSA 3 (1896–1897) 79Google Scholar, visited Ios but does not record having made any discoveries. There are records of him having knowledge of excavations on the island before 1900 as he was negotiating with Michaelis Kortis, the Demarch of Ios to purchase EC objects from the island for the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford and encouraging him to excavate further. See D. Mackenzie, Prehistoric finds from the Aegean collected August 1900 and forwarded to England through Stein's Agency, 22nd November, unpublished MS in the archives of the Department of Antiquities, Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, 4. This document includes a note of Mackenzie indicating that he had been negotiating with Kortis for the purchase of some finds from Ios, including a helmeted male figurine, but he was unsuccessful and reports that the collection was then in Attica. Mackenzie hoped to purchase the collection for Dra. 300 in Piraeus in 1901, but never did. Paul Graindor of the French School at Athens visited Ios in 1903 and explored the EC I–II cemetery site at Manganari, see P. Graindor (above n.36) and Emergence, 523. More recent activity includes the fieldwork of Robin Barber which includes the finding of EC sherds and obsidian at a site north-west of the Chora, Hope-Simpson, R. and Dickinson, O.T.P.K., A Gazetteer of Aegean Civilisation in the Bronze Age, Vol. I: The Mainland and Islands (Göteborg 1979) (SIMA LII) 342.Google Scholar For note on finding an EC II incised horizontal handle at the site see Harding, A.et al., ‘Pavlopetri, An Underwater Bronze Age Town in Laconia’ BSA 64 (1969) 133 n.21Google Scholar, and the finding of obsidian at Pounta and Psathis by Elias Andreou in 1974, see Andreou, E., ‘Αϱχαιότητες ϰαὶ Μυημεῖα Κυϰλάδων’ ADelt 29 (1973–1974) B 3 χϱονιϰὰ, 872.Google Scholar In 1983, a systematic survey of Ios was commenced by the Cycladic Ephoreia under the direction of Dr Marisa Marthari who has also excavated at Skarkos, see Touchais, G., ‘Chronique des Fouilles’ BCH 109 (1985) 841 and 111 (1987) 49Google Scholar; Catling, H., ‘Archaeology in Greece’ AR 31 (1984–1985) 52 and 33 (1986–87) 49Google Scholar. The latter also reports the finding of a prehistoric settlement associated with the cemetery at Chalara Manganariou.

⁹³ Sculptors, 130.

⁹⁴ Erlenmeyr Collection. ACC, 528 and cat. no. 385.

⁹⁵ Journal, 42–43.

⁹⁶ J.T. Bent (above n.6) 157.

⁹⁷ A.J.B. Wace (above n.2) 125.

⁹⁸ See R. Arnott, ‘An Antiquary in the Archipelago, George Finlay's Travels in the Cyclades, 1837’ forth coming.