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A Dark Age Cemetery in Erechtheion Street, Athens

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 September 2013

Maria Brouskari
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Extract

In the spring of 1955 the Water Company, extending its drainage system to include Erechtheion Street, a road in the neighbourhood south of the Acropolis running south from the street of Dionysius the Areopagite, uncovered part of the wall and a gate of the ancient city. The Ephoria of Acropolis Antiquities under its then director, Mr. J. Miliades, undertook the excavation of these remains. With the aid of his epimelete, Dr. G. Dontas, the present director of the Acropolis, he cleared the wall and the gate down to bedrock, and extended his investigation to uncover as many building remains and other finds as possible, under a fair amount of pressure from the Water Company, who were in a hurry to begin their own work. The excavation, which took place from March until June 1955, has added considerably to our knowledge of the topography of the area during the classical period; at the same time it uncovered a Dark Age cemetery.

Type
Research Article
Information
Annual of the British School at Athens , Volume 75 , November 1980 , pp. 13 - 31
Copyright
Copyright © The Council, British School at Athens 1980

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References

Additional abbreviations:

Dark Ages. Desborough, V.The Greek Dark Ages (London, 1972).Google Scholar

Protogeometrie Pottery. V. Desborough Protogeometric Pottery (Oxford. 1952).

Kurtz-Boardman. Kurtz, D.-Boardman, J.Greek Burial Customs (London, 1971).Google Scholar

Styrenius. Styrenius, C-G.Sub-Mycenaean Studies (Lund, 1967).Google Scholar

Pictorial Dictionary. Travlos, J.Pictorial Dictionary of Ancient Athens (London-New York, 1971).Google Scholar

Also: KER - Kcrameikos BM —British Museum

1 PAE (1955) 38–45.

2 Sec Winter, Greek Fortifications 252–256 figs. 280–290 and 291 for similar examples.

3 Stavropoulos, Ph.ADelt 20 (1965) BI 85 fig. 29Google Scholar, see also Philippaki, B.ADelt 21 (1966) BI 71 fig. 14.Google Scholar

4 Pictorial Dictionary 169 fig. 219.

5 Ibid. 160-XIII.

6 PAE (1955) 40.

7 See Stavropoulos, ADelt 19 (1964) BI 49–50.Google Scholar

8 Pictorial Dictionary 160.

9 Ibid 159.

10 Travlos 144 n. 6.

11 ADelt 21 (1966) BI 71.

12 Pictorial Dictionary 167 fig. 217.

13 See Alexandri, O.ADell 25 (1970) BI 55 ff.Google Scholar

14 See M. Pantelidou 218 ff and passim.

15 See Agora XIV 3–4.

16 Hesperia XXI (1961) 147 ff.

17 Young, Hesperia Suppl. II 6 ff, Agora XIV 10 and fig 5.

18 See for example Wrede Attische Mauern fig 75 (Wall of Conon), 77–8 (Wall al Eleusis) 84 (Wall of Gyphtokastros).

19 See Ibid 11 ff.

20 See Agora XIV 10.

21 See for example Thompson, ‘some Hero Shrines In Early Athens’ in Athens Comes of Age, 1978 96–106Google Scholar; also Agora XIV 117–126 and Martin Recherches sur l'agora grecque 194 ff.

22 Williams, Hesperia XLII (1973) 2 ffGoogle Scholar and Ibid XLIII (1974) 1 ff.

23 ADelt 20 (1965) BI 74 ff.

24 Pindar, Olympians 1 90.Google Scholar Plutarch Aristides 21.

25 Athenaeus Deipn. 410. See also Oeconomus, De Pro fusionum Receptaculis Sepulcralibus.

26 Miliades Loc. cit.

27 Kurtz- Board man 37 and Krause Untersuchungen zu den ältesten Nekropolen am Eridanos 41.

28 Protogeometric Pottery 9.

29 Ibid 9.

30 Ibid 14.

31 Ker IV pl. 5.

32 Dondas, AE (1953–1954) 90 fig I.Google Scholar

33 Ker I pl. 57 Dark Ages 34 fig 1, D.

34 Ker I pl. 40 (for Ker 557), and CVA Brit. Museum (5) III. A III JC pl. II No 19 (BM 1124).

35 Protogeometric Pottery 88.

36 Ker IV pl. 22, Protogeometric Pottery pl. II.

37 AE (1953–54) 87 ff.

38 Ker I 159–60, fig. I pl. 46, 48 etc.

39 Ker I pl. 41.

40 Ibid pl. 56.

41 Dark Ages 34 fig. 6–IE.

42 CVA Brit. Museum (5) IIIA-IIIJC pl. II no. 18.

43 AM 81 (1966) 5 pl. 10.

44 See Ker IV pl. 10 etc.

45 Kurtz-Boardman 53.

46 Protogeometric Pottery 212.

47 See Ker I pl. 54 (no. 563).

48 Ibid.

49 Ibid pl. 54.

50 Ibid pl. 32.

51 Ker I pl. 44; see also Ker I 175.

52 Ker IV pl. 13 Protogeometric Pottery pl. 7.

53 Styremus 37.

54 Dark Ages 39 fig 4f.

55 Styremus 86.

56 See Protogeometric Pottery passim.

57 Ker I pl. 75; see also Ker IV’ pl. 20 Protogeometric Pottery 106–7 pl. 8.

58 Dark Ages 39 ff.

59 Ker I pl. 23.

60 Ibid pl. 23.

61 See Protogeometric Pottery 39.

62 See Ker I pl. 36 (no. 243), Ker IV pl. 24 nos. 1082 and 1104, and Dark Ages 46 fig. 10E. G.

63 See for example tripods Ker I pl. 64 and kraters Ibid pl. 50 etc.

64 Ker I pl. 34.

65 Ibid pl. 49.

66 Styrenius 63 and Snodgrass, The Dark Age of Greece 49.

67 See Kurtz-Boardman 53.

68 Protogeometric Pottery 23.

69 Ibid 26.

70 Ker IV 15 pl. 9, Protogeometrtc Pottery 23, 25.

71 Ker IV 9, Protogeometric Pottery pl. 5: Smithson, E.Hesperia XXX (1961), pl. 24 and 156, 3.Google Scholar

72 Protogeometric Pottery 47.

73 Ker I pl. 66 and see also AE (1953) fig. 3.

74 Protogeometric Pottery 47–8.

75 See for example Ker I pl. 65 (no. 552) which is earlier.

76 Ker I pl. 68 The PG III oinochoai such as Ker 2091 Ker IV pl. 13 and Ker 1077 are more conservative.

77 Ker IV pl. 16.

78 Hesperia XXX (1961) pl. 25 and 157.

79 Protogeometric Pottery 23.

80 Ker I pl. 54.

81 Protogeometric Pottery 26.

82 Bouzek, Op. Ath. IX (1969)Google Scholar ‘The Beginning of the Pro togeometric Pottery and the Dorian Ware’ 48 fig. 4A2.

83 Ker I pl. 25.

84 It is obviously later than the oinochoe Ker 765 Ker I pl. 66 and probably contemporary with the oinochoe Ker 545 Ibid pl. 68.

85 M. Brouskari

86 Protogeometric Pottery, 27 ff. and Dark Ages 33.

87 Ker I pl. 54 According to Styrenius 27 late sub-Mycenaean phase; See also Krause Untersuchungen zu den ältesten Nekropolen am Eridanos in Athen 256 fn 432.

88 See Ker I pl. 54 no. 563 for the shape, and also Protogeometric Pottery pl. 4.

89 Dark Ages 33.

90 See generally Dark Ages 35 fig. 4.

91 Styrenius 86.

92 Ker I pl. 18.

93 See also Dark Ages 38 fig. 4C.

94 Ker IV pl. 34.

95 Ker I pl. 52.

96 lakovides Perati pl. 3.86, pl. 83.106, pl. 76.165. pl. 121.832, pl. 120.939 and Vol. II lakovides calls these vases LHIIIC.

97 Styrenius 69. see also Krause title in fn 85.

98 Op Ath. IX (1969) 44 fig. 2A6.

99 Ibid 43.

100 Ker IV 25.

101 See similar in Ker I pl. 75 and Ker IV 28.

102 Hesperia XXX (1961) 147–178.

103 Ker I pl. 10.

104 Styremus 26.

105 Dark Ages 37.

106 Ker I pl. 9–10 only for the shoulder decoration.

107 Styrenius 86.

108 Ibid 26.

109 Ibid 27.

110 Dark Ages 37 and 42 fig. 6.

111 Ker I pl. 14.

112 Ibid pl. 30 For a similar shape see also Hesperia XXIII (1954) 58 pl. 16C which however H. Thompson dates generally to PG.

113 M. Pantelidou passim.

114 ADelt 17 (1961/2) Chron. 9–14 cf Thuc II 15.

115 Ker I 163.