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The canal of Xerxes: investigations in 1993–1994

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 September 2013

B. S. J. Isserlin
Affiliation:
University of Leeds
R. E. Jones
Affiliation:
University of Glasgow
S. Papamarinopoulos
Affiliation:
University of Patras
G. E. Syrides
Affiliation:
University of Thessaloniki
Y. Maniatis
Affiliation:
NCSR ‘Demokritos’, Athens
G. Facorellis
Affiliation:
NCSR ‘Demokritos’, Athens
J. Uren
Affiliation:
University of Leeds

Abstract

The paper describes the continuation in 1993–4 of the investigation into the Canal of Xerxes in the Chalkidiki, N. Greece. Effort was concentrated in the central sector of the isthmus, where geophysical survey using seismic methods revealed a channel-like structure some 14–15 m below the present ground level. Encouraging support for the hypothesis that this structure is a canal came from the analysis of cores from two boreholes in the central sector: there was a marked discontinuity in the sediments at a depth of c.14.6 m. Radiocarbon dates of some sediments from these boreholes provided useful ancillary information.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © The Council, British School at Athens 1996

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References

1 See Isserlin, B. S. J. et al. , ‘The canal of Xerxes on the Mount Athos peninsula: preliminary investigations in 1991–2’, BSA 89 (1994), 277–84.Google Scholar

2 It is again our pleasure to thank those who supported us: the British School at Athens and its Directors, Dr E. B. French, and thereafter the late Dr M. Price, as well as the Greek archaeological authorities, both in Athens and particularly the Ephoreia at Thessaloniki. At the latter we are indebted to the then Director, the late Dr I. Vokotopoulou, and in particular to Dr B Tsigarida, both for her general interest and helpfulness, and also for allowing us to benefit from the presence of Mr C. Kephalas during our investigations. We are also obliged to the koinotita of Nea Roda and its proedros, Mr P. Hatzilidis, for various practical assistance. In Ouranoupolis, the Eagles Palace Hotel again assisted us with transport and other practical problems.

In England we are grateful to the University of Leeds, the Vice-Chancellor of Hull University (Prof. D. Dilks), Sir David Hunt, Dr H. W. Catling, Prof. H. B. Mattingly, and Mr M. S. F. Hood for their support. We are greatly indebted to those who lent us financial support: in addition to the BSA, the Russell Trust, the Seven Pillars of Wisdom Trust, the Knossos Trust, and Mr W. and Mrs C. Feuchtwanger. Finally, B.S.J.I. wishes to thank his colleagues and collaborators in the field and his wife for her constant support.

3 J.U. continued his work on the local topography; in the field he was assisted by Mr R. Trembath and part of the time by Mr R. M. J. Isserlin. Thanks are again due to Messrs Sokkia for the loan of up-to-date surveying equipment. Geophysical study was again shared by S.P. and R.E.J.; the former was in sole charge of field work undertaken in 1993 with a team including A. Liossis, P. Stephanopoulos, K. Petronitis, L. Bouklis, S. Leanopoulos, and K. Vouthouris, though R.E.J. helped in preparation work, being unable to be present when field work was done; he also helped to select sites for core drilling in 1993 and 1994. The actual supervision of the drilling and the laboratory study of the cores was in the hands of Dr G. E. Syrides. Dr Y. Maniatis and G. Facorellis undertook the C-14 dating. The overall direction and the study of archaeological interpretation were again in the hands of B.S.J.I., who received much-appreciated assistance from colleagues, especially R.E.J.

4 See, for the location, fig. 3 in BSA 89 (1994), 282, and, for the general character of the site, pl. 43 a Ibid. The start was at D2, situated at the top of the eastern downslope of the valley crossed by the traverse, near the corner of the fence on the adjoining plateau.

5 Using an EG&C Geometries 2401X seismograph. Full technical details are given in V. Karastathis and S. Papamarinopoulos, ‘The detection of the Xerxes canal by the use of shallow reflection seismics’, Journal of Applied Geophysics (in press).

6 Isserlin, B. S. J., ‘The canal of Xerxes: facts and problems’, BSA 86 (1991), 86–7.Google Scholar

7 Isserlin (n. 6), 87.

8 Syrides, G. E., ‘Λιθοστρωματογραφιϰή, βιοστρωματογραφιϰή ϰαι παλαιογραφιϰή μελέτη των Νεογένων-Τεταρτογένων ιζημάτων σχηματισμών της Χερσόνησου Χαλϰιδιϰής’ (Ph.D. diss., Aristotle Univ. of Thessaloniki, 1990).Google Scholar

9 Maravelaki, M., Οι γεωλογιϰοί ϰαι μαϰροσεισμιϰοί χαραϰτήρες των σεισμών της Χαλϰιδιϰής (Laboratory of Mineralogy and Petrology. Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, paper 1; Thessaloniki, 1933).Google Scholar

10 Pavlides, S. and Kilias, A., ‘Neotectonic and active faults along the Serbo-Macedonian zone (SE Chalkidiki, N Greece)’, Annales tectonicae, 5.1–2 (1987), 97104Google Scholar, and Pavlides, S. B. and Tranos, M. D., ‘structural characteristics of two strong earthquakes in the N. Aegean: Ierissos (1932) and Agios Efstratios (1968)’, Journal of Structural Geology, 5.13.2 (1991), 205—14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar