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The Athenian tribute-quota lists, 453–450 BC

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 September 2013

†D. M. Lewis
Affiliation:
Christ Church, Oxford

Abstract

The Athenian tribute-quota lists for the years 453–449 BC are reexamined in the light of two new fragments. The most important question is the reason for the failure of various states to appear in them. The author rejects the view that these absences are due to epigraphic chance, doubts whether many of the states were still providing ships, and argues again that there was substantial disaffection in the empire during the period.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © The Council, British School at Athens 1994

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References

1 My principal debts are to Malcolm McGregor, who shared his views on readings, and to Peter Rhodes, who has struggled to clarify various versions of this text. Special abbreviations:

Meiggs, AE = Meiggs, R., The Athenian Empire (Oxford, 1972)Google Scholar

Meritt 1972 = Meritt, B. D., Hesp. 41 (1972), 403–17CrossRefGoogle Scholar

2 Meritt 1972 (n. 1).

3 Camp, J., Hesp. 43 (1974), 314–18Google Scholar; Meritt, B. D., Hesp. 45 (1976), 280–2.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

4 ‘The tribute lists and the non-tributary members of the Delian league’, AHR 35 (1930), 267–75.

5 iii. 267–8.

6 Untersuchungen zur Geschichte der delisch-attischen Symmachie (Klio Beiheft 30; 1933), 10–13.

7 ‘The growth of Athenian imperialism’, JHS 63 (1943), 21–34, at p. 31; ‘The crisis of Athenian imperialism’, HSCP 67 (1963), 6–9; Meiggs, , AE 118–20.Google Scholar

8 ‘West's panel of ship-payers’, in Bradeen, D. W. and McGregor, M. F. (eds), Φόϱος: Tribute to Benjamin Dean Meritt (Locust Valley, 1974), 170–8.Google Scholar

9 Most recently, McGregor, , The Athenians and their Empire (1987), 59Google Scholar, simply wrote, ‘To seek disloyalty among the islands, as some have done, is a futile exercise’.

10 ZPE 15 (1974), 163–7.

11 Woodhead (n. 8), 177.

12 West (n. 4), 274.

13 I count all names linked by ϰαὶ as separate and include Σ/ and [ . ]σουρι - -(list 4, V. 20, 23) as present.

14 ATL iii. 7–8.

15 I retain e.g. Ἄζειοι (IV. 32), though feeling less than confident about the restoration. [Ἔσσ]ιο[ι] (IV. 21) is perhaps even more doubtful.

16 ii. 444; iii. 61 n. 62.

17 Some of these fit the partial entries: Gentinioi and Priapes are candidates for V. 5 or 6, Gryneion, Daunioteichitai, Karyanda, Sigeion for III. 21 or IV 31.

18 This is the first point in the article affected by the ‘three-bar sigma controversy’. Where it is relevant, I shall say so. Mattingly, (Historia, 41 (1992), 129–31)Google Scholar dates IG i3 17 to 418/7.

19 Of these, Didymoteichitai and Diosiritai are candidates for III. 21 and IV. 31.

20 These are a candidate for V. 5 or 6.

21 I am trying not to be too positive about negatives. One might, for example, argue that the possibility of Hellespont weakness might cast some doubt on Daskyleion and Berytis; if they are allowed to be absent this year, despite their good record, they would allow four replacements.

22 Mattingly (n. 18), 131—2, dates this to 426/5.

23 List 3, III. 8–10 = list 4, I. 31–2; the latter are not followed by more Carian names, and there is no particular attraction in supposing that the former were.

24 But, if present here, it was not in close proximity to Kolophon and Notion, as it was in list 1, III. 21–3; list 2, VI. 10–12.

25 Admittedly not an absolute certainty in list 1, II. 29.

26 ATL i. 443 suggests Ταρβανε̃ς.

27 Not the fourth, cf. V. 13 above on ATL i. 13, fig. 10.

28 Those most important to the main problems as conventionally posed are Seriphos, Keos, and Andros, to which I have now (in the Appendix) added Mykonos. Grynches, Dardanes, Diesἀπὸ Κηναίου,Ikos, Kos, Lebedos, Palaiperkosioi, Parpasiotai, Polichnaioi Kares, Rhenaia, Teos, and Phegetioi are the others; I have left out some rare payers in Caria.

29 The most substantial differences are caused by the recognition that col. I of list 2 is really an appendix to list 1. Since Nesselhauf wrote, list 2 has gained 3 columns. Since Meiggs, AE 524, list 2 has gained a line in each column.

30 Nesselhauf (n. 6), 10–13; ML p. 87; Meiggs, , AE 110Google Scholar (making part of the point).

31 Azeioi, Alindes, Amynandes, Arisbaioi, Astyrenoi, Bolbaies, Thydonos, Killares, Kolophon, Lindion Oiiatai, Maiandrioi, Mysoi, Nisyros, Olaies, Oranietai, Parion, Polichnaioi Kares, Polichnitai, Sambaktys, Siloi, Skepsis, Thrambaioi-Skionaioi, Tarbanes, Telmessioi-Lykioi, Tyrodiza, Hyblisses. Disappearing from the lists does not necessarily mean non-payment. Some of these demonstrably pay through other states.

32 iii. 267–8. I list the names again: Akanthos, Andros, Chalkis, Eretria, Hestiaia, lasos, Keos, Kythnos, Paros, Poteidaia, Seriphos, Siphnos, Styra, Tenos.

33 Ibid. iii. 268 n. 1.

34 West (n. 4), 26.

35 ‘The Athenian navy and allied naval contributions in the pentecontaetia’, GRBS 10 (1969), 179–216, at p. 192.

36 Woodhead (n. 8), 176–7.

37 Blackman (n. 35), 183. But on p. 191 he excludes them from the ship-payers of 454 on grounds of distance.

38 Inconsistently with its general view, ATL iii. 321 n. 88 plays with the idea that Aesch. Eum. 295–6 refers to trouble in Poteidaia in 458: ‘It is not impossible that Potidaea remained recalcitrant until Kimon made his Five Years' Truce in 451.’ I would not press the Aeschylus reference (on which see Macleod, C., Collected Essays (Oxford, 1983), 20–1), but trouble seems very likely.Google Scholar So also Meiggs, , HSCP 67 (1963), 9Google Scholar (not repeated in AE).

39 Blackman (n. 35), 191; Meiggs, , AE 119Google Scholar (restating points he had already made in 1963 (n. 38)).

40 It has taken me a long time to accept the warning of Blackman (n. 35), 192, that disaffection may not be the cause of all absences.

41 Ibid. 190 with 214–16.

42 Meiggs, , AE 107–8.Google Scholar

43 New evidence for the Samians: Dunst, G., AM 97 (1972), 153–5Google Scholar, whence ML (rev. edn, 1988), 310.

44 Meiggs, , AE 112.Google Scholar

45 See n. 10.

46 Meiggs, , AE 115–16.Google Scholar

47 See n. 22.

48 Various views in Gehrke, , Historia, 29 (1980), 1731Google Scholar; Robertson, N. D., Phoenix, 41 (1987), 356–98CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Rhodes, P. in CAH v 259.Google Scholar

49 Meiggs, , AE 112–14.Google Scholar

50 Meiggs, , JHS 63 (1943), 23–5CrossRefGoogle Scholar, arguing against Highby's earlier date. His date has been accepted even by Mattingly, , AJP 105 (1984), 345–6.Google Scholar The only dissentient I can find is Smart, , Phoenix, 31 (1977), 250–1CrossRefGoogle Scholar, who has argued, very improbably, for 406.

51 Hard, but not impossible. Erythrai, with eight ships at Lade (Hdt. vi. 8. 2), and thus quite possibly an original ship-contributor (Blackman (n. 35), 182), could have continued to be a ship-contributor, while Boutheia operated on behalf of the states which paid tribute. Even if I did not accept the orthodox date for the Erythrai Decree, I think I would find this an improbable set-up.

52 CAH v2 59.

53 Given that Koresia is a coast-town, a story parallel to that invented for n. 51 is improbable.

54 An up-to-date account of the evidence by Rhodes, in CAH v 260.Google Scholar The key evidence about Karystos is a contribution of the new fragments.

55 CAH v2 501–2.

56 Ibid. 123–5, 127–30.

57 See n. 10.

58 Kern, O. and Kern, E. (eds), Carl Otfried Müller: Lebensbild in Briefen an seine Eltern (Berlin, 1908), 341.Google Scholar

59 Schoell, R., Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Griechenland (1843), preface.Google Scholar

60 Boeckh, A., Staatshaushaltung der Athener2 (Berlin, 1851), ii. 373.Google Scholar

61 Ibid. 377.

62 Ibid. 373.

63 Meritt 1972, 405.

64 The point is generally made by observation, but he says as much himself in Ἐφημερὶς ἀρχαιολογιϰή, 1st series, p. 693.

65 I attach no importance to Kirchhoff's apparatus on IG i, p. 97, ‘῾῾Η Η Pitt.’, which might lead one to suppose that Müller had something different; there is no evidence that Kirchhoff had independent access to Müller's notes and he prints ΗΗ in majuscule, ῾῾ΗΗ in minuscule.

66 AJP 47 (1926), 174.

67 For Galepsioi in list 8; see ATL iii. 50 n. 43 for the possibility that this was a regular amount.

68 Meritt 1972, 406 n. 15.

69 Kraay, C. M., Archaic and Classical Greek Coins, 110.Google Scholar

70 BSA 33 (1932–3), 101–13.

71 Ibid, 111–12.

72 ATL i. 171.

73 ATL iii. 7–8, with a qualification in n. 8.

74 ATL i. 171.

75 ATL ii. 79 and elsewhere; scepticism from Meiggs, , AE 159.Google Scholar