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V. The Objects

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 October 2013

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Extract

Bronze, iron and lead are all represented at Karphi, bronze being especially plentiful and giving evidence of some skill in workmanship. The complete absence of the more precious metals is easily explained, since there is no sign of violent destruction, and in the event of a peaceful desertion the inhabitants would naturally take with them whatever gold or silver they possessed. The same explanation may apply to the very small quantity of iron found in the city. Implements of the recently-introduced metal would obviously be too valuable to be left behind. The tombs were probably despoiled of most of their original contents at an early date, and it is possible that later burials gave the occasion for much of this spoliation.

Type
Research Article
Information
Annual of the British School at Athens , Volume 38 , November 1938 , pp. 112 - 134
Copyright
Copyright © The Council, British School at Athens 1938

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References

page 112 note 1 See p. 136. It should also be remembered that, from the nature of the circumstances, Karphi was not a rich city.

page 113 note 1 Vrokastro Fig. 70 B.C. and Fig. 87 C.F.

page 113 note 2 AJA 1901 p. 136 Fig. 3Google ScholarPubMed.

page 113 note 3 Εφ Αρχ. 1904 p. 37 Fig. 8Google Scholar.

page 113 note 4 BSA VIII p. 248 Fig. 16Google Scholar.

page 113 note 5 Vrokastro Fig. 82.

page 113 note 6 For a larger version of this with a central boss cf. Vrokastro Fig. 58 M.

page 113 note 7 Op. cit. Fig. 85 N.

page 113 note 8 Εφ Αρχ. 1904 p. 45 Fig. 11Google Scholar.

page 113 note 9 BSA VI 109 Fig. 41Google Scholar.

page 113 note 10 Ibid. VIII p. 243 Fig. 12.

page 113 note 11 Lamb, Greek and Roman Bronzes p. 31Google Scholar.

page 113 note 12 Blinkenberg, Fibules Grecques et Orientales, pp. 44–5Google Scholar.

page 114 note 1 For the dot pattern op. cit. Fig. 20 I 8 b and Fig. 21 I 8 a; for the herring-bone lines op. cit. Fig. 19 I 8 a.

page 114 note 2 Vrokastro p. 113 and Pl. XIX A.

page 114 note 3 BSA VI p. 111Google Scholar, and Blinkenberg Fig. 22 I 8 g.

page 114 note 4 Blinkenberg p. 46. For an LM III parallel to 690 cf. Blegen, Korakou Fig. 133, 6Google Scholar.

page 114 note 5 Blinkenberg p. 58, where it is classified as Sub-Mycenean.

page 114 note 6 For fibulae of this type from the Mainland, the Islands, Italy and the Caucasus cf. Vrokastro p. 148.

page 114 note 7 Only two examples of the plate fibula were found there. Op. cit. pp. 99 and 113 and Pl. XIX A and B, whilst the bow fibula was common. Op. cit. Pl. XIX C, D, E, F and Fig. 87 B, I, J. The latter occurs also at Kavousi, , AJA 1901 p. 136 Fig. 2Google Scholar.

page 114 note 8 See p. 121, note 2.

page 114 note 9 Lamb, Greek and Roman Bronzes, pp. 47–8Google Scholar; both types are known at Vrokastro. Vrokastro Pl. XX.

page 114 note 10 It may be noted that a knobbed fibula was found in the Geometric Tomb on the Papoura.

page 114 note 11 Thiersch, Aegina pp. 404–10Google Scholar.

page 115 note 1 Vrokastro p. 144 for a parallel to 378–80 cf. Fig. 87 K.

page 115 note 2 BSA VI Fig. 45 no. 3 in lower row.

page 115 note 3 A close parallel occurs in an Archaic tomb on Thera. Thera II Fig. 490 a.

page 115 note 4 Both these needles have counterparts in the Cave, Diktaian, BSA VIGoogle Scholar Fig. 45, 4 and 5 in lower row.

page 115 note 5 Op. cit. Fig. 45 nos. 1–5 in top row.

page 115 note 6 See p. 128 for a similar handle.

page 115 note 7 Εφ Αρχ. 1904 pp. 29–30 Fig. 7Google Scholar.

page 116 note 1 Tweezers of this type appear first in the Early Bronze Age. Goldman Eutresis Fig. 286, 3 and Blegen, Zygouries Pl. XX 19Google Scholar. They were still in use at Karphi and in the Cave, DiktaianBSA VI p. 111Google Scholar Fig. 45 No. 1 in lower row.

page 116 note 2 BSA VI p. 111 Fig. 45 No. 6 in lower rowGoogle Scholar.

page 116 note 3 For bone handles of knives, etc., see p. 128.

page 116 note 4 At Vrokastro. Vrokastro Pl. XXI A is of iron and the Diktaian Cave. BSA VI p. 110 Fig. 43 No. 2 of bronzeGoogle Scholar.

page 116 note 5 Vrokastro Pl. XXII for a parallel.

page 116 note 6 Blegen, Zygouries Fig. 190, 2 shows a sickle of this type not unlike 213Google Scholar.

page 117 note 1 At Mouliana, Εφ Αρχ. 1904 pp. 29–30Google Scholar Fig. 7 and at the Cave, DiktaianBSA VI p. 110Google Scholar Fig. 43, 5.

page 117 note 2 Εφ Αρχ. 1904 pp. 29–30Google Scholar Fig. 7. Vrokastro Pl. XXI E.

page 117 note 3 Vrokastro Fig. 59.

page 117 note 4 BSA VI p. 110Google Scholar.

page 117 note 5 A rather similar spear-head was found at Phylakopi. Phylakopi Pl. XXXVIII 6. There is a contemporary example from Knossos Prehistoric Tombs at Knossos Figs. 56, 57.

page 117 note 6 For an obsidian arrow-head with very pointed barbs of LM date cf. Goldman, Eutresis Fig. 280, 13Google Scholar.

page 117 note 7 Phylakopi Pl. XL 21.

page 117 note 8 It should be noted that type 5 in the pottery corpus seems to be derived from a metal prototype.

page 118 note 1 Lamb, Greek and Roman Bronzes, p. 45Google Scholar. For the older type of bronze tripod and tripod legs not unlike 638 cf. Gournia Pl. IV 71–2. BCH 1931 p. 378Google ScholarPubMed Fig. 16. For the later Geometric type cf. Vrokastro Pl. XXIV.

page 118 note 2 Annuario X–XII p. 343Google Scholar Fig. 445 and p. 475 Fig. 590 c for similar vases and fragments.

page 118 note 3 For elaborate designs on the catch-plate of Geometric fibulae cf. Lamb, Greek and Roman Bronzes, pp. 47–9Google Scholar.

page 118 note 4 Blinkenberg, Fibules Grecques et Orientales Fig. 22 I 8 gGoogle Scholar.

page 118 note 5 Hall, Vrokastro Fig. 98Google Scholar.

page 118 note 6 BSA VI p. 109Google Scholar and Fig. 40.

page 118 note 7 See section III passim.

page 121 note 1 This blade probably belonged to a small knife of the type of 448 or 518. Cf. Vrokastro Pl. XXI A–I for iron knives from Vrokastro.

page 121 note 2 Op. cit. Pl. XIX D for an iron fibula of similar type.

page 122 note 1 BSA XXXVI p. 110Google Scholar Fig. 23, 17.

page 122 note 2 Mochlos Fig. 18 IV 4 and 5; VTM Pl. XXII 726 and Pl. XXXVIII 1080, 1084.

page 122 note 3 Mochlos p. 101.

page 123 note 1 BSA XXXVI p. 112 Fig. 24, 21Google Scholar.

page 123 note 2 Mochlos Fig. 28 XI 2 and Evans, Ag. Onuphrios Deposit Fig. 109Google Scholar and to a less extent Figs, 110 and 119.

page 123 note 3 VTM Pl. XXXIX 1064 and Pl. LIV 1884.

page 123 note 4 Mochlos pp. 38–9.

page 123 note 5 Op. cit. Fig. 28 XI 10.

page 123 note 6 Evans, Ag. Onuphrios Deposit Fig. 117Google Scholar for a parallel from Arvi.

page 123 note 7 BSA XXXVI p. 112 Fig. 24Google Scholar, 21 a and also at Arvi. Evans op. cit. Fig. 109.

page 123 note 8 BSA XXXVI p. 42 Fig. 24, 23Google Scholar.

page 123 note 9 See p. 49.

page 123 note 10 Mochlos Fig. 32 XX 3; VTM Pl. XXIX 1062.

page 123 note 11 Vrokastro p. 114.

page 123 note 12 A somewhat similar bowl from the late deposit at the Diktaian Cave is described in BSA VI p. 114Google Scholar.

page 124 note 1 Type 1 in the pottery corpus.

page 124 note 2 Vrokastro p. 139.

page 124 note 3 VTM Pl. XXI 1035. For a clay palette of similar shape see p. 131.

page 124 note 4 Hall, Vrokastro Fig. 70 H and Fig. 87 AGoogle Scholar.

page 124 note 5 Similar whetstones were found in the Messara, , VTM Pl. XXIII 787–8Google Scholar. The resemblance to 529 is especially marked.

page 125 note 1 P of M Fig. 15 a 1, 2, 3.

page 125 note 2 Gournia p. 31. Celts of the type of 465, in particular, are common to all periods. Long celts resembling this example correspond to Wace and Thompson's type A, Prehistoric Thessaly p. 24.

page 125 note 3 Vrokastro Fig. 23.

page 125 note 4 AJA 1901 p. 282 Fig. 8Google ScholarPubMed.

page 126 note 1 Cretan Pictographs pp. 16–17 Figs. 17 a and b. This was described as having been found on the Papoura. It is in fact highly probable that it came from Karphi itself.

page 126 note 2 Op. cit. Fig. 17 a.

page 126 note 3 Rather similar characters on a pendant from Arvi op. cit. p. 16 can be identified as a form of the letter derived from the bull's-head sign. The linear markings on 196 might perhaps be related to the four-pointed character derived from a human hand. Nos. 6 and 9 respectively in the table of linear signs, P of M III.

page 126 note 4 At this period the old script may have survived only as a memory. A rather similar state of affairs seems to be reflected in the Iliad where the σήματα λυγρά carried by Bellerophon, Iliad 6, 168Google Scholar, suggest an acquaintance with the art of writing without any real knowledge of it.

page 127 note 1 530 see p. 123.

page 127 note 2 BSA VI p. 113 Fig. 48Google Scholar.

page 127 note 3 Goldman, Eutresis Fig. 284, 10Google Scholar; Blegen, Korakou Fig. 130Google Scholar.

page 128 note 1 Goldman, Eutresis Fig. 283, 5Google Scholar. For a similar tool of contemporary date cf. BSA VI p. 113 Fig. 48, 7 and 8Google Scholar.

page 128 note 2 See p. 124.

page 128 note 3 For a wooden handle cf. Vrokastro Fig. 59 E.

page 128 note 4 251 from K. 26, see p. 115.

page 128 note 5 Cf. BSA XXXVI p. 124Google Scholar.

page 129 note 1 This seems to discountenance the idea that they were used as beads, even if they are lighter than the modern spindle whorl.

page 129 note 2 AJA 1901 p. 286Google ScholarPubMed Fig. 14 and Vrokastro Fig. 73.

page 129 note 3 See p. 126 and Evans, Cretan Pictographs Fig. 17 a and bGoogle Scholar. These linear signs may represent some form of late inscription.

page 129 note 4 Vrokastro Fig. 73.

page 131 note 1 See p. 124, note 3.

page 131 note 2 The earlier loom-weights are for the most part vertically rather than transversely pierced.

page 132 note 1 Vrokastro Fig. 65.

page 132 note 2 Mochlos Fig. 35.

page 132 note 3 VTM Pl. XIII 1087.

page 132 note 4 P of M IV Fig. 486.

page 132 note 5 For examples of this see the lion-hunting scenes of LM I: op. cit. Fig. 555, the wounded lion from Vapheio op. cit. Fig. 500 and the contorted lion op. cit. Fig. 583.

page 132 note 6 Archaeology of Crete p. 257.

page 132 note 7 Vrokastro pp. 135–7.

page 132 note 8 See p. 136.

page 133 note 1 These shapes can be paralleled from Vrokastro Fig. 85.

page 133 note 2 For the appearance of glass at the end of the Minoan period see op. cit. p. 148.

page 133 note 3 The shape seems to suggest part of a necklace rather than an ornament sewn to the clothes.