Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-8kt4b Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-25T06:26:51.580Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Chichen Itza and Its Hinterland

A world-systems perspective

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 October 2008

Susan Kepecs ,
Gary Feinman  and
Sylviane Boucher
Susan Kepecs
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, 5240 Social Science, 1180 Observatory Drive, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
Gary Feinman
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, 5240 Social Science, 1180 Observatory Drive, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
Sylviane Boucher
Affiliation:
Centro Regional de Yucatán–Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Apartado 1015, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

For too long, Mayanists working in northern Yucatan have retained a focus on the single site. Although a few recent papers have begun to examine this area in regional terms, the world-systems perspective has yet to be applied. In this paper the world-systems framework is used to examine the post-Teotihuacan core center of Chichen Itza and its hinterland. Various lines of information are combined to achieve the fullest possible picture, including new settlement-pattern data, related ethnohistoric material, and a brief consideration of existing iconographie studies. Comparative examples from contemporary sites in other parts of Mesoamerica are provided to illustrate the systemic interconnections that characterize a “world system.”

Type
Articles
Information
Ancient Mesoamerica , Volume 5 , Issue 2 , Fall 1994 , pp. 141 - 158
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1994

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Adams, Robert McC. 1974 Anthropological Perspectives on Ancient Trade. Current Anthropology 15:211–239.Google Scholar
Anderson, Patricia K. 1990 Proyecto Yulá: Primera Temporada. In Consejo de Arqueología Boletín 1990, pp. 7–12. Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, México.Google Scholar
Andrews, Anthony P. 1978 Puertos costeros del postclásico temprano en el norte de Yucatán. Estudios de Cultura Maya XI:75–93.Google Scholar
Andrews, Anthony P. 1983 Maya Salt Production and Trade. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
Andrews, Anthony P. 1990 The Fall of Chichen Itza: A Preliminary Hypothesis. Latin American Antiquity 1:258–267.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andrews, Anthony P., and Fernando, Robles C. 1985 Chichen Itza and Coba: An Itzá-Maya Standoff in Early Post-classic Yucatán. In The Lowland Maya Postclassic, edited by Chase, Arlen F. and Rice, Prudence M., pp. 62–72. University of Texas Press, Austin.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andrews, Anthony P., Asaro, Frank, Michel, Helen V., Stress, Fred H., and Rivero, Pura Cervera 1989 The Obsidian Trade at Isla Cerritos, Yucatán, Mexico. Journal of Field Archaeology 16:355–363.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andrews, Anthony P., Negrón, Tomás Gallareta, Castellanos, Fernando Robles, Palma, Rafael Cobos, and Rivero, Pura Cevera 1988 Isla Cerritos: An Itzá Trading Port on the North Coast of Yucatán, Mexico. National Geographic Research 4:196–207.Google Scholar
Andrews, E. Wyllys IV 1965 Archaeology and Prehistory in the Northern Maya Lowlands: An Introduction. In Archaeology of Southern Mesoamerica, pt. 1, edited by Willey, Gordon R., pp. 288–330. Handbook of Middle American Indians, vol. 2, Robert Wauchope, general editor. University of Texas Press, Austin.Google Scholar
Ball, Joseph W. 1977 An Hypothetical Outline of Coastal Maya Prehistory: 300 B.C.-A.D. 1200. In Social Process in Maya Prehistory: Studies in Honour of Sir Eric Thompson, edited by Hammond, Norman, pp. 167–196. Academic Press, London.Google Scholar
Barlow, Robert H. 1949 The Extent of the Empire of the Culhua Mexico. Iberoamericana No. 28. University of California Press, Berkeley.Google Scholar
Berdan, Frances F. 1975 Trade, Tribute and Market in the Aztec Empire. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Texas, Austin.Google Scholar
Berdan, Frances F. 1982 The Aztecs of Central Mexico: An Imperial Society. Holt, Reinhart, and Winston, New York.Google Scholar
Berlin, Heinrich 1956 Late Pottery Horizons of Tabasco, Mexico. Publication No. 606, Contributions to American Anthropology and History No. 59, pp. 95–153. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Binford, Lewis R. 1964 A Consideration of Archaeological Research Design. American Antiquity 29:425–441.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bishop, Ronald L., and Rands, Robert L. 1982 Maya Fine Paste Ceramics: A Compositional Perspective. In Analyses of Fine Paste Ceramics, edited by Sabloff, Jeremy A., pp. 283–314. Excavations at Seibal, Department of Peten, Guatemala, Gordon R. Willey, general editor. Memoirs of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology Vol. 15, No. 2. Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Blanton, Richard E. 1983 The Urban Decline of Monte Albán. In The Cloud People: Divergent Evolution of the Zapotee and Mixtec Civilizations, edited by Flannery, Kent V. and Marcus, Joyce, p. 186. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Blanton, Richard, and Feinman, Gary 1984 The Mesoamerican World System: A Comparative Perspective. American Anthropologist 86:673–682.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blanton, Richard E., Kowalewski, Stephen A., and Feinman, Gary M. 1992 The Mesoamerican World System. Review: Fernand Braudel Center 15:419–426.Google Scholar
Brainerd, George W. 1958 The Archaeological Ceramics of Yucatan. Anthropological Records Vol. 19. University of California, Berkeley.Google Scholar
Boserup, Ester 1965 The Conditions of Agricultural Growth: The Economics of Agrarian Change Under Population Pressure. Aldine, Chicago.Google Scholar
Boucher, Sylviane 1990 Informe preliminar sobre el rescate de la Supercarretera Mérida Cancun (tramo Holcah-San Francisco Tinum). Manuscript on file, Centro Regional de Yucatán-Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Mérida, Mexico.Google Scholar
Brüggemann, Jürgen Kurt 1994a Tajín en numeros. Arqueología Mexicana 1(5):57.Google Scholar
Brüggemann, Jürgen Kurt 1994b La ciudad de Tajín. Arqueología Mexicana 1(5):26–30.Google Scholar
Charlton, Thomas H. 1969 Texcoco Fabric-Marked Pottery, Tlateles, and Saltmaking. American Antiquity 34:73–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Charlton, Thomas H., and Spence, Michael W. 1982 Obsidian Exploitation and Civilization in the Basin of Mexico. In Mining and Mining Techniques in Ancient Mesoamerica, edited by Weigand, P.C. and Gwynne, G., pp. 7–86. Anthropology No. 6. Special Edition. State University of New York, Stonybrook.Google Scholar
Charnay, Desire 1887 The Ancient Cities of the New World. Chapman and Hall, London.Google Scholar
Chase-Dunn, Christopher K., and Hall, Thomas D. 1991 Conceptualizing Core/Periphery Hierarchies for Comparative Study. In Core/Periphery Relations in Precapitalist Worlds, edited by Chase-Dunn, Christopher K. and Hall, Thomas D., pp. 5–44. Westview Press, Boulder, CO.Google Scholar
Chase-Dunn, Christopher K., and Hall, Thomas D. (editors) 1991 Core/Periphery Relations in Precapitalist Worlds. Westview Press, Boulder, CO.Google Scholar
Ciudad, Real Antonio de 1976 [ca. 1590] Tratado curioso y docto de las grandezas de la Nueva España, vols. I and II. Serie Historiadores y Cronistas de Indias No. 6. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México.Google Scholar
Clark, John E. 1989 Obsidian: The Primary Mesoamerican Sources. In La obsidiana mesoamericana, edited by Margarita, Gaxiola G. and Clark, John E., pp. 131–136. Serie Arqueología, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, México.Google Scholar
Coggins, Clemency Chase, and Shane, Orrin C. III 1984 Cenote of Sacrifice: Maya Treasures from the Sacred Well at Chichén Itzá. University of Texas Press, Austin.Google Scholar
Cohodas, Marvin 1978 The Great Ball Court at Chicken Itza, Yucatan, Mexico. Garland, New York.Google Scholar
Davies, Nigel 1973 The Aztecs. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.Google Scholar
Davies, Nigel 1978 The Military Organization of the Aztec Empire. In Mesoamerican Communication Routes and Cultural Contacts, edited by Lee, Thomas A. and Navarrete, Carlos, pp. 223–230. Papers No. 40. New World Archaeological Foundation, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT. Provo.Google Scholar
Diehl, Richard A., and Berlo, Janet Catherine (editors) 1989 Mesoamerica After the Decline of Teotihuacan, A.D. 700–900. Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Dillon, Brian D. 1977 Salinas de los Nueve Cerros, Guatemala: Preliminary Archaeological Investigations. Ballena Press Studies in Mesoamercan Art, Archaeology, and Ethnohistory No. 2. Socorro, NM.Google Scholar
Drennan, Robert D. 1984 Long-Distance Transport Costs in Pre-Hispanic Mesoamerica. American Anthropologist 86:105–112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eaton, Jack D. 1978 Archaeological Survey of the Yucatan-Campeche Coast. In Studies in the Archaeology of Coastal Yucatan and Campeche, Mexico, pp. 1–67. Publication No. 46. Middle American Research Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans.Google Scholar
Eaton, Jack D., and Ball, Joseph W. 1978 Studies in the Archaeology of Coastal Yucatan and Campeche, Mexico. Publication No. 46. Middle American Research Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans.Google Scholar
Feinman, Gary M., and Nicholas, Linda M. 1991 New Perspectives on Prehispanic Highland Mesoamerica: A Macroregional Approach. Comparative Civilizations Review 24:13–33.Google Scholar
Feinman, Gary M., and Nicholas, Linda M. 1992 Pre-Hispanic Interregional Interaction in Southern Mexico: The Valley of Oaxaca and the Ejutla Valley. In Resources, Power, and Interregional Interaction, edited by Schortman, Edward M. and Urban, Patricia A., pp. 75–116. Plenum Press, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flannery, Kent V. 1968 The Olmec and the Valley of Oaxaca: A Model for Interregional Interaction in Formative Times. In Dumbarton Oaks Conference on the Olmecs, edited by Benson, Elizabeth P., pp. 79–110. Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collections, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Fox, John W. 1987 Maya Postclassic State Formation. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Fox, John W. 1989 On the Rise and Fall of Tuláns and Maya Segmentary States. American Anthropologist 91:656–681.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fox, John W. 1991 The Lords of Light Versus the Lords of Dark: The Postclassic Highland Maya Ballgame. In The Mesoamerican Ballgame, edited by Scarborough, Vernon L. and Wilcox, David R., pp. 213–240. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frank, Andre Gunder 1966 The Development of Underdevelopment. Monthly Review 18(4):17–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Freidel, David A. 1979 Culture Areas and Interaction Spheres: Contrasting Approaches to the Emergence of Civilizationa in the Maya Lowlands. American Antiquity 44:36–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Freidel, David A. 1986 Terminal Classic Lowland Maya: Successes, Failures, and Aftermaths. In Late Lowland Maya Civilization: Classic to Post-classic, edited by Sabloff, Jeremy A. and Andrews V, E. Wyllys, pp. 409–432. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.Google Scholar
Freidel, David A., and Sabloff, Jeremy A. 1984 Cozumel: Late Maya Settlement Patterns. Academic Press, Orlando.Google Scholar
Gallareta, Negrón Tomás, Andrews, Anthony P., and Palma, Rafael Cobos 1988 Preliminary Report of the Cupul Survey Project to CRYINAH, Mérida, Mexico. Manuscript on file, Centro Regional de Yucatán, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Mérida, Mexico.Google Scholar
Garza, Tarazona de González, Silvia, , and Kurjack, Edward B. 1980 Atlas arqueológico del estado de Yucatán. 2 vols. Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Mexico.Google Scholar
Gills, Barry K., and Frank, Andre Gunder 1991 5000 Years of World System History: The Cumulation of Accumulation. In Core/Periphery Relations in Precapitalist Worlds, edited by Chase-Dunn, Christoper K. and Hall, Thomas D., pp. 67–112. Westview Press, Boulder, CO.Google Scholar
González, Licón Ernesto 1986 Los mayas de la gruta de Loltun, Yucatán, a través de sus materiales arqueológicos. Colección Científica, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Mexico.Google Scholar
Hall, Thomas D., and Chase-Dunn, Christopher K. 1993 The World Systems Perspective and Archaeology: Forward into the Past. Journal of Archaeological Research 1:121–143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hassig, Ross 1985 Trade, Tribute, and Transportation: The Sixteenth-Century Political Economy of the Valley of Mexico. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.Google Scholar
Hassig, Ross 1988 Aztec Warfare: Imperial Expansion and Political Control. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.Google Scholar
Healan, Dan M. 1990 Investigaciones el asentamiento prehispánico y la explotación de obsidiana en la región de Zinapécuaro, Michoacán. Consejo de Arqueología Boletín 1990, pp. 138–139. Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Mexico.Google Scholar
Healan, Dan M. 1991 Proyecto arqueológico en la región de Zinapécuaro, Michoacán: Análisis de materiales. Consejo de Arqueología Boletín 1991, pp. 147–148. Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Mexico.Google Scholar
Healan, Dan M. 1993 Local Versus Non-Local Obsidian Exchange at Tula and Its Implications for Post-Formative Mesoamerica. World Archaeology 24:449–466.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Healan, Dan M. (editor) 1989 Tula of the Toltecs: Excavations and Survey. University of Iowa Press, Iowa City.Google Scholar
Healan, Dan M., Cobean, Robert H., and Diehl, Richard A. 1989 Synthesis and Conclusions. In Tula of the Toltecs: Excavations and Survey, edited by Healan, Dan M., pp. 239–252. University of Iowa Press, Iowa City.Google Scholar
Helms, Mary W. 1979 Ancient Panama: Chiefs in Search of Power. University of Texas Press, Austin.Google Scholar
Helms, Mary W. 1992 Long-Distance Contacts, Elite Aspirations, and the Age of Discovery in Cosmological Context. In Resources, Power, and Interregional Interaction, edited by Schortman, Edward M. and Urban, Patricia A., pp. 157–172. Plenum Press, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Helms, Mary W. 1993 Craft and the Kingly Ideal: Art, Trade, and Power. University of Texas Press, Austin.Google Scholar
Hirth, Kenneth G. 1989 Militarism and Social Organization at Xochicalco, Morelos. In Mesoamerica After the Decline of Teotihuacan A.D. 700–900, edited by Diehl, Richard A. and Berlo, Janet Catherine, pp. 69–82. Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Hirth, Kenneth G., and Guillén, Ann Cyphers 1988 Tiempo y asentamiento en Xochicalco. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico.Google Scholar
Isphording, Wayne C., and Wilson, Eugene M. 1974 The Relationship of “Volcanic Ash,” Sak Lu'um, and Palygorskite in Northern Yucatan Maya Ceramics. American Antiquity 39:483–488.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, Gregory A. 1987 The Changing Organization of Uruk Administration on the Susiana Plain. In The Archaeology of Western Iran, edited by Hole, Frank, pp. 39–58. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Kepecs, Susan M. 1990 Informe preliminar del reconocimiento de Chikinchel al Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Mexico, D.F., y el Centro Regional de Yucatán, Mérida. Manuscript on file, Centro Regional de Yucatán, Mérida, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Mexico, and Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin, Madison.Google Scholar
Kepecs, Susan M. 1992 Informe preliminar al INAH, D.F., y al CRY-INAH, Mérida, sobre la segunda temporada del campo del Proyecto Chikinchel, Yucatán, Mexico. Manuscript on file, Centro Regional de Yucatán, Mérida, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, México, and Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin, Madison.Google Scholar
Kepecs, Susan M., and Boucher, Sylviane 1991 The Prehispanic Cultivation of Rejolladas and Stonelands: New Evidence from Northeast Yucatán. Paper presented at the Conference on Prehispanic Maya Agriculture and Biological Resource Management, University of California, Riverside.Google Scholar
Kepecs, Susan M., Boucher, Sylviane, and Burton, James T. 1991 The Itzá in Chikinchel: The Politics of Salt. Paper presented at the 47th International Congress of Americanists, New Orleans.Google Scholar
Kepecs, Susan M., and Tomás, Gallareta N. 1992 Una visión diacrónica de Chikinchel y Cupul, noreste de Yucatán, México. Ponencia presentada en el II Congreso Internacional de Mayanistas, Mérida, Mexico.Google Scholar
Kirchoff, Paul 1943 Mesoamerica: Sus límites geográficas, composición étnica, y carácteres culturales. Acta Americana 1:92–107.Google Scholar
Kohl, Philip L. 1989 The Use and Abuse of World Systems Theory: The Case of the “Pristine” West Asian State. In Archaeological Thought in America, edited by Lamberg-Karlovsky, C.C., pp. 218–240. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kowalewski, Stephen A., Feinman, Gary M., Finsten, Laura, and Blanton, Richard E. 1991 Pre-Hispanic Ballcourts from the Valley of Oaxaca, Mexico. In The Mesoamerican Ballgame, edited by Scarborough, Vernon L. and Wilcox, David R., pp. 25–44. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kubler, George A. 1961 Chichén-Itzá y Tula. Estudios de Cultura Maya 1:47–79. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico.Google Scholar
Kurjack, Edward B., Ruben, Maldonado C., and Robertson, Merle Green 1991 Ballcourts of the Northern Maya Lowlands. In The Mesoamerican Ballgame, edited by Scarborough, Vernon L. and Wilcox, David R., pp. 145–160. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lange, Frederick W., and Stone, Doris Z. (editors) 1984 The Archaeology of Lower Central America. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.Google Scholar
Lefond, Stanley J. 1969 Handbook of World Salt Resources. Plenum Press, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lincoln, Charles E. 1991 Ethnicity and Social Organization at Chichen Itza, Yucatan, Mexico. P.D. dissertation, Harvard University. University Microfilms, Ann Arbor.Google Scholar
López, Aguilar Fernando, Calleja, Rosalba Nieto, and Cobean, Robert H. 1989 La producción de obsidiana en la Sierra de Las Navajas, Hidalgo. In La obsidiana en Mesoamérica, edited by Margarita, Gaxiola G. and Clark, John E., pp. 193–198. Serie Arqueología, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Mexico.Google Scholar
MacKinnon, J. Jefferson, and Kepecs, Susan M. 1989 Prehispanic Saltmaking in Belize: New Evidence. American Antiquity 54:522–533.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacKinnon, J. Jefferson, Kepecs, Susan M., Walters, Gary Rex, and May, Emily M. 1989 Coastal Trade and Procurement Sites in Southern Belize: Implications for Yucatecan Salt Production and Circum-Peninsular Trade. In Memorias del Segundo Coloquio de Mayanistas, Campeche, México, agosto 1987, pp. 703–716. Universidad Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Mexico.Google Scholar
McKillop, Heather 1989a Development of Coastal Maya Trade: Data, Models, and Issues. In Coastal Maya Trade, edited by McKillop, Heather and Healy, Paul F., pp. 1–18. Occasional Papers No. 8. Trent University, Peterborough, Canada.Google Scholar
McKillop, Heather 1989b Coastal Maya Trade: Obsidian Densities at Wild Cane Cay. In Prehistoric Maya Economies of Belize, edited by McAnany, Patricia A. and Isaac, Barry L., pp. 17–56. Research in Economic Anthropology, supplement 4. JAI Press; Greenwich, CT.Google Scholar
Heather, McKillop, and Healy, Paul F. (editors) 1989 Coastal Maya Trade. Occasional Papers No. 8. Trent University, Peterborough, Canada.Google Scholar
Mendizábal, Miguel Othón de 1946 Influencia de la sal en la distribución geográfica de los grupos indígenas de México. Obras completas, vol. 2, pp. 181–340. Mexico.Google Scholar
Morley, Sylvanus G., and Brainerd, George W. 1956 The Ancient Maya. Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA.Google Scholar
Morris, E.H., Charlot, J., and Morris, A.A. 1931 The Temple of the Warriors at Chichen Itza, Yucatan. Publication No. 406. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Nelson, Fred W. 1989a Rutas de intercambio de obsidiana en el norte de la peninsula de Yucatán. In La obsidiana en Mesoamérica, edited by Margarita, Gaxiola G. and Clark, John E., pp. 363–378. Serie Arqueología, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Mexico.Google Scholar
Nelson, Fred W. 1989b Resumen de los métodos analíticos usados en la identificación de yacimientos y artefactos de obsidiana. In La obsidiana en Mesoamerica, edited by Margarita, Gaxiola G. and Clark, John E., pp. 21–26. Serie Arqueología, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, México.Google Scholar
Paso, y Troncoso, del, Francisco 1905 Papeles de Nueva España. Madrid.Google Scholar
Pastrana, A. 1991 Proyecto yacimientos de obsidiana. In Consejo de Arqueología Boletín 1991, pp. 219–221. Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Mexico.Google Scholar
Esther, Pasztory (editor) 1978 Middle Classic Mesoamerica: A.D. 400–700. Columbia University Press, New York.Google Scholar
Pool, Christopher A., and Santley, Robert S. 1992 Middle Classic Pottery Economics in the Tuxtla Mountains, Southern Veracruz, Mexico. In Ceramic Production and Distribution: An Integrated Approach, edited by Bey, George J. III and Pool, Christopher A., pp. 205–234. Westview Press, Boulder, CO.Google Scholar
Proskouriakoff, Tatiana 1950 A Study of Classic Maya Sculpture. Publication No. 593. Carngie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Rands, Robert L., Bishop, Ronald L., and Sabloff, Jeremy A. 1982 Maya Fine Paste Ceramics: An Archaeological Perspective. In Analyses of Fine Paste Ceramics, edited by Sabloff, Jeremy A., pp. 315–343. Excavations at Seibal, Department of Peten, Guatemala, Gordon R. Willey, general editor. Memoirs of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology Vol. 15, No. 2. Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Rathje, William L., Gregory, David A., and Wiseman, Frederick M. 1978 Trade Models and Archaeological Problms: Classic Maya Examples. In Mesoamerican Communication Routes and Cultural Contacts, edited by Lee, Thomas A. and Navarrete, Carlos, pp. 147–175. Papers No. 40. New World Archaeological Foundation, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT.Google Scholar
Relaciones historico-geográficas de la gobernación de Yucatán 1983 [ca. 1550] Relaciónes historico-geográficas de la gobernación de Yucatán, vol. II, edited by de la Garza, Mercedes. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico.Google Scholar
Renfrew, Colin 1975 Trade as Action at a Distance: Questions of Interaction and Communication. In Ancient Civilization and Trade, edited by Sabloff, Jeremy A. and Lamberg-Karlovsky, C.C., pp. 3–59. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.Google Scholar
Fernando, Robles C. 1980 La secuencia cerámica de la región de Cobá, Quintana Roo. Colección Científica, Serie Arqueología, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Mexico.Google Scholar
Fernando, Robles C. 1987 La secuencia cerámica preliminar de Isla Cerritos, costa centro-norte de Yucatán. In Maya Ceramics: Papers from the 1985 Maya Ceramic Conference, edited by Rice, Prudence M. and Sharer, Robert J., pp. 99–190. BAR International Series 345(i). British Archaeological Reports, Oxford.Google Scholar
Fernando, Robles C., and Andrews, Anthony P. 1986 A Review and Synthesis of Recent Postclassic Archaeology in Yucatán. In Late Lowland Maya Civilization: Classic to Postclassic, edited by Sabloff, Jeremy A. and Andrews V, E. Wyllys, pp. 53–98. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.Google Scholar
Rovner, Irwin 1975 Lithic Sequences from the Maya Lowlands. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin, Madison.Google Scholar
Roys, Ralph L. 1933 The Book of Chilam Balam of Chumayel. Publication No. 438. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Roys, Ralph L. 1939 The Titles of Ebtun. Publication No. 505. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Roys, Ralph L. 1943 The Indian Background of Colonial Yucatan. Publication No. 613. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Roys, Ralph L. 1957 The Political Geography of the Yucatan Maya. Publication No. 613. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Sabloff, Jeremy A. 1977 Old Myths, New Myths: The Role of Sea Traders in the Development of Ancient Maya Civilization. In The Sea in the Pre-Columbian World, edited by Benson, Elizabet P., pp. 67–96. Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collections, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Sabloff, Jeremy A., and Lamberg-Karlovsky, C.C. (editors) 1975 Ancient Civilization and Trade. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.Google Scholar
Sabloff, Jeremy A., and Rathje, William L. 1975 The Rise of a Maya Merchant Class. Scientific American 233(4):72–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sahagún, Fray Bernadino de 1975 [1569] Historia general de las cosas de Nueva España. Anotaciónes y apéndices por Padre Angel Maria Garibay K. Editorial Porrúa, Mexico.Google Scholar
Sanders, William T., Parsons, Jeffery R., and Santley, Robert S. 1979 The Basin of Mexico: Ecological Processes in the Evolution of a Civilization. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Santley, Robert S. 1989 Obsidian Working, Long Distance Exchange, and the Teotihuacan Presence on the South Gulf Coast. In Mesoamerica After the Decline of Teotihuacan, A.D. 700–900, edited by Diehl, Richard A. and Berlo, Janet Catherine, pp. 131–152. Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Santley, Robert S., and Alexander, Rani T. 1992 The Political Economy of Core-Periphery Systems. In Resources, Power, and Interregional Interaction, edited by Schortman, Edward M. and Urban, Patricia A., pp. 23–49. Plenum Press, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Santley, Robert S., and Pool, Christopher A. 1993 Prehispanic Exchange Relationships Among Central Mexico, the Valley of Oaxaca, and the Gulf Coast of Mexico. In The American South west and Mesoamerica: Systems of Prehistoric Exchange, edited by Ericson, Jonathon E. and Baugh, Timothy G., pp. 179–212. Plenum Press, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schele, Linda, and Mathews, Peter 1991 Royal Visits and Other Intersite Relationships Among the Classic Maya. In Classic Maya Political History: Hieroglyphic and Archaeological Evidence, edited by Culbert, T. Patrick, pp. 226–252. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.Google Scholar
Schneider, Jane 1991 Was There a Pre-capitalist World-System? Reprinted. In Core/Periphery Relations in Precapitalist Worlds, edited by Chase-Dunn, Christopher K. and Hall, Thomas D., pp. 45–66. Westview Press, Boulder, CO. Originally published 1977, Peasant Studies VI:20–29.Google Scholar
Scholes, France V., and Roys, Ralph L. 1948 The Maya Chonta! Indians of Acalan-Tixchel. Publication No. 560. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Schortman, Edward M. 1989 Interregional Interaction in Prehistory: The Need for a New Perspective. American Antiquity 54:52–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schortman, Edward M., and Urban, Patricia A. 1987 Modeling Interregional Interaction in Prehistory. In Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory, vol. 11, edited by Schiffer, Michael B., pp. 37–95. Academic Press, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schortman, Edward M., and Urban, Patricia A. 1992a Current Trends in Interaction Research. In Resources, Power, and Interregional Interaction, edited by Schortman, Edward M. and Urban, Patricia A., pp. 235–255. Plenum Press, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schortman, Edward M., and Urban, Patricia A. 1992b The Political Value of Imports. In Resources, Power, and Interregional Interaction, edited by Schortman, Edward M. and Urban, Patricia A., pp. 153–156. Plenum Press, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schortman, Edward M., and Urban, Patricia A. (editors) 1992 Resources, Power, and Interregional Interaction. Plenum Press, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shepard, Anna O. 1952 Ceramic Technology. Carnegie Institution of Washington Yearbook 51:263–266.Google Scholar
Shepard, Anna O. 1974 Ceramics for the Archaeologist. Publication No. 609. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Sidrys, Raymond M. 1976 Classic Maya Obsidian Trade. American Antiquity 41:449–464.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sidrys, Raymond M. 1977 Mass-Distance Measures for the Maya Obsidian Trade. In Exchange Systems in Prehistory, edited by Earle, Timothy K. and Ericson, Jonathon E., pp. 91–108. Academic Press, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simmons, Michael P., and Brem, Gerald F. 1979 The Analysis and Distribution of Volcanic Ash-Tempered Pottery in the Lowland Maya Area. American Antiquity 44:79–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sisson, Edward B. 1973 First Annual Report of the Coxcatlan Project. Phillips Academy, Andover, MA.Google Scholar
Smith, Michael E. 1984 The Aztlan Migrations of the Náhuatl Chronicles: Myth or History? Ethnohistory 31:153–186.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, Michael E. 1986 The Role of Social Stratification in the Aztec Empire: A View from the Provinces. American Anthropologist 88:70–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, Michael E., and Heath-Smith, Cynthia 1982 Waves of Influence in Postclassic Mesoamerica? A Critique of the Mixteca-Puebla Concept. Anthropology 4:15–50.Google Scholar
Smith, Robert E. 1958 The Place of Fine Orange Pottery in Mesoamerican Archaeology. American Antiquity 24:151–160.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, Robert E. 1971 The Pottery of Mayapan. Papers of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology Vol. 66, pts. 1 and 2. Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Stark, Barbara L. 1985 Archaeological Identification of Pottery Production Locations: Ethnoarchaeological and Archaeological Data in Mesoamerica. In Decoding Prehistoric Ceramics, edited by Nelson, Ben A., pp. 158–194. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale.Google Scholar
Stark, Barbara L., Heller, Lynette, Glascock, Michael D., Elam, J. Michael, and Neff, Hector 1992 Obsidian-Artifact Source Analysis for the Mixtequilla Region, South-Central Veracruz, Mexico. Latin American Antiquity 3:221–239.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stocker, T.L., and Cobean, R.H. 1984 Preliminary Report on the Obsidian Mines at Pico de Orizaba, Veracruz. In Prehistoric Quarries and Lithic Production, edited by Ericson, Jonathon E. and Purdy, Barbara A., pp. 83–96. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stone, Andrea 1989 Disconnection, Foreign Insignia, and Political Expansion: Teotihuacan and the Warrior Stelae of Piedras Negras. In Mesoamerica After the Decline of Teotihuacan A.D. 700–900, edited by Diehl, Richard A. and Berlo, Janet Catherine, pp. 153–172. Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Southall, Aidan 1953 Alur Society. W. Heffer and Sons, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Taagepera, Rein 1978 Size and Decline of Empires: Growth-Decline curves, 3000 to 600 B.C. Social Science Research 7:180–196.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taagepera, Rein 1979 Size and Duration of Empires: Growth-Decline Curves, 600 B.C. to 600 A.D. Social Science History 3:115–138.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taube, Karl A. 1990 The Iconography of Toltec Period Chichén Itzá. Paper presented at the First Mahler Symposium on the Archaeology of Northwest Yucatán, Seminar für Völkerkunde, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany.Google Scholar
Taube, Karl A. 1992 The Major Gods of Ancient Yucatan. Studies in Pre-Columbian Art and Archaeology No. 32. Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Thompson, Sir J. Eric S. 1970 Maya History and Religion. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.Google Scholar
Tourtellot, Gair, and Sabloff, Jeremy A. 1972 Exchange Systems Among the Ancient Maya. American Antiquity 37:126–134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tozzer, Alfred M. 1941 Landa's Relación de las cosas de Yucatan: A Translation. Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology Vol. 18. Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Tozzer, Alfred M. 1957 Chichen Itza and Its Cenote of Sacrifice: A Comparative Study of Contemporaneous Maya and Toltec. Memoirs of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology Vols. XI and XII. Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Wallerstein, Immanuel M. 1974 The Modern World System. 3 vols. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Wallerstein, Immanuel M. 1976 A World-System Perspective on the Social Sciences. British Journal of Sociology 27:345–352.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whitecotton, John W. 1992 Culture and Exchange in Postclassic Oaxaca: A World System Perspective. In Resources, Power, and Interregional Interaction, edited by Schortman, Edward M. and Urban, Patricia A., pp. 51–74. Plenum Press, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilkinson, David 1991 Cores, Peripheries, and Civilizations. In Core/Periphery Relations in Precapitalist Worlds, edited by Chase-Dunn, Christopher K. and Hall, Thomas D., pp. 113–166. Westview Press, Boulder, CO.Google Scholar
Willey, Gordon R. 1974 The Classic Maya Hiatus: A Rehearsal for the Collapse? In Mesoamerican Archaeology: New Approaches, edited by Hammond, Norman, pp. 417–431. University of Texas Press, Austin.Google Scholar
Wren, Linnea H., and Schmidt, Peter 1991 Elite Interaction During the Terminal Classic Period: New Evidence from Chichén Itzá. In Classic Maya Political History, edited by Culbert, T. Patrick, pp. 199–225. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Susana, Xelhuantzi L. 1991 Estudio polínico en la Gruta de Loltún, Yucatán, México. Paper presented at the Conference on Prehispanic Maya Agriculture and Biological Resource Management, University of California, Riverside.Google Scholar
Zeitlin, Robert N. 1982 Toward a More Comprehensive Model of Interregional Commodity Distribution: Political Variables and Prehistoric Obsidian Procurement in Mesoamerica. American Antiquity 47:260–275.CrossRefGoogle Scholar